Orthotrichum consobrinumCardot in Western Europe and South-Western Asia

Abstract Orthotrichum consobrinum Cardot, a moss that was earlier considered an endemic to the Sino-Japanese Region, has been found in the north of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain) and in north-eastern Anatolia (Turkey). Comparison of Spanish and Turkish material with eastern Asiatic specimens revealed no relevant morphological differences, and the specimens from both disjunct populations showed the same range of variation of the species attributes. However, the morphological analysis has revealed some distinctive features of the species that had been overlooked in the past. An updated description of this Euro-Asiatic moss is provided here.

Two complex typifications and a new name to unravel Ulota germana sensu Malta non (Mont.) Mitt. (Orthotrichaceae)

Ulota germana is an epiphytic moss moderately common in oceanic areas of Patagonia (southern South America), one of the regions of the world where Ulota reaches a peak of diversity. It is easily recognized by very long perichaetial leaves, which reach the capsule when wet, an endostome of eight segments and verrucose spores. In Nikolajs Malta's revision of South American Ulota, a species was described under this name with apparently similar long perichaetial leaves and spores but with a 16-segment endostome, an uncommon character in this genus. No further references to this particular combination of traits are found throughout the literature of South American Ulota. In the same work, Malta …

Mosses of the Mediterranean, an Annotated Checklist

Abstract The names of all mosses published up to the end of August 2011 in the countries of the Mediterranean basin, the Macaronesian Islands and Bulgaria are compiled in an annotated checklist. The list comprises accepted names and synonyms, and provides explanatory annotations for ambiguous and disputed names. Literature references supporting the reports in each individual area are given only for taxa reported once or in a single locality. A total of 1168 accepted species and 81 infraspecific taxa are reported from the whole area.

Integrative taxonomy sheds light on an old problem: theUlota crispacomplex (Orthotrichaceae, Musci)

The combined use of morphological and molecular analyses has been proven to be useful in resolving taxonomic complexes with hidden diversity. In bryology, however, integrative taxonomy has rarely been employed to revisit relevant old, unresolved problems. One of these classical controversies is whether the Ulota crispa complex comprises one or three species. To elucidate this, an exhaustive morphological revision, based on numerous herbarium and fresh specimens from most of the Holarctic areas in which U. crispa has been reported, and molecular analyses, using one nuclear (ITS2) and three plastid (trnG, trnL-trnF, atpB-rbcL) loci on a selection of representative specimens, have been perform…

Vindication of Ulota pygmaeothecia (Orthotrichaceae, Bryophyta)

Ulota pygmaeothecia (Müll.Hal.) Kindb. and Ulota luteola (Hook.f. & Wilson) Wijk & Margad. are two epiphytic mosses from the evergreen Magellanic rainforests of southern South America. Both mosses have been considered as distinct species since their original description, with their specific status retained following the comprehensive review by Nicolajs Malta of South American Ulota (1927). Recently the synonymization of U. pygmaeothecia and U. luteola was proposed (Wang & Jia 2016), based mainly on the similarities stated in the protologues and the study of the available type specimens of U. pygmaeothecia and U. fulvella, as the type materials of U. luteola were lost in the mail…

On the presence of Orthotrichum shawii (Orthotrichaceae) in California

Study of the material on which E. G. Britton based the report of Orthotrichum shawii from California confirms this overlooked report. Diagnostic characters of the species are presented, and the differences between the known American specimen and those from Europe and Africa, are discussed. Finally, the differences between this species and those with which it has been confused are discussed.

Two new species ofUlota(Orthotrichaceae, Bryopsida) with multicellular spores, from the Hengduan Mountains, Southwestern China

Two new species, Ulota yunnanensis and Ulota gigantospora, are described from Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces, China. Both have multicellular spores, a relatively uncommon character in the genus. Differences between the species include growth form and habit, leaf areolation, capsule shape, peristome structure and ornamentation, operculum shape and colour, as well as vaginula and calyptra hairiness. These characters and those discriminating the new species from other ones with similar spore type are discussed and illustrated.

New Ulota species with multicellular spores from southern South America

Abstract Two new Ulota species with multicellular spores, Ulota billbuckii and U. streptodon, are described from southern Chile. The new species are usually found growing together and sometimes forming mixed cushions or mats on different trees, with a preference for Nothofagus betuloides and N. antarctica. The new Ulotae are easily differentiated from each other as well as from other Ulota species with multicellular spores by a set of sporophytic traits including two very uncommon peristome configurations. In this paper, both species are described, and the differences between them as well as from other Ulotae with similar endosporic germination, and from superficially similar species, is di…

Earliest herbarium evidence for the occurrence of Lewinskya acuminata (Orthotrichaceae) in East Africa

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Bryology on 23th September 2019, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/03736687.2019.1655871

A survey of the epiphytic bryophyte flora of the Rif and Tazzeka Mountains (northern Morocco)

SUMMARY The catalogue of the epiphytic bryophyte flora of the Rif Mountains includes a total of 72 taxa, of which 66 are mosses and six are liverworts. Some new records are provided: Hypnum resupinatum and Tortula israelis, new to northern Africa, Antitrichia curtipendula and Cryphaea heteromalla, new to Morocco, and Dicranoweisia cirrata, Isothecium alopecuroides and Orthotrichum macrocephalum ,n ew to the Rif Mountains. Epiphytic communities in the different forest types have been analysed, with the conclusion that altitude and humidity are the main factors that determine their composition. The epiphytic stratum is best developed at the highest altitudes on the Principal chain and Tazzeka…

New national and regional bryophyte records, 51

1. Aloina rigida (Hedw.) Limpr.Contributors: O. Yu. Pisarenko, V. E. Fedosov and V. A. BakalinRussia: Primorsky Territory, Dalnegorsky District, vicinity of Dalnegorsk Town, NE-facing steep slope o...

Let’s make Pulvigera great again: re-circumscription of a misunderstood group of Orthotrichaceae that diversified in North America

Abstract Orthotrichum lyellii was described in 1878 based on the crisped leaves with plane margins on its elongated and branched stems, and on the presence of brood-bodies. In Europe, these characters remain constant, but in North America several similar forms lacking propagules have been described either at the specific or infraspecific level. These were all reduced to synonyms of O. lyellii. In 2015, Orthotrichum was divided, and O. lyellii was transferred to Pulvigera, a genus thus far considered to be monospecific. In this study, the variability of P. lyellii is analysed in an integrative taxonomic framework. Morphological studies on > 200 specimens, including the nomenclatural t…

Do mosses really exhibit so large distribution ranges? Insights from the integrative taxonomic study of the Lewinskya affinis complex (Orthotrichaceae, Bryopsida)

The strikingly lower number of bryophyte species, and in particular of endemic species, and their larger distribution ranges in comparison with angiosperms, have traditionally been interpreted in terms of their low diversification rates associated with a high long-distance dispersal capacity. This hypothesis is tested here with Lewinskya affinis (≡ Orthotrichum affine), a moss species widely spread across Europe, North and East Africa, southwestern Asia, and western North America. We tested competing taxonomic hypotheses derived from separate and combined analyses of multilocus sequence data, morphological characters, and geographical distributions. The best hypothesis, selected by a Bayes …

Insights into the evolutionary history of the subfamily orthotrichoideae (Orthotrichaceae, Bryophyta): new and former supra-specific taxa so far obscured by prevailing homoplasy

Mosses of the subfamily Orthotrichoideae represent one of the main components of the cryptogam epiphytic communities in temperate areas. During the last two decades, this taxonomical group has undergone an extensive revision that has led to its rearrangement at the generic level. However, their phylogenetic relationships and inferences on the evolutionary patterns that have driven the present diversity have little advanced. In this study, we present a dated molecular phylogenetic reconstruction at the subfamily level, including 130 samples that represent the 12 genera currently recognized within the subfamily, and the analysis of four molecular markers: ITS2, rps4, trnG, and trnL-F. We also…

The Lewinskya affinis complex (Orthotrichaceae) revisited: species description and differentiation

In a recent integrative taxonomy study, we verified that the previously accepted concept of Lewinskya affinis (≡ Orthotrichum affine) actually comprises a complex of sibling lineages encompassing both known, accepted species (L. affinis s.str., L. praemorsa and L. tortidontia), recovered synonyms (L. fastigiata and L. leptocarpa), and four species yet unpublished. In the present work, we present detailed descriptions of the previously identified species and the new species, L. scissa from the Canary Islands, and the North American L. arida, L. pacifica and L. pseudoaffinis. In addition, we provide a key to the species in the complex, and discuss the morphological distinction of the species …

Epiphytic bryophytes in harsh environments: theJuniperus thuriferaforests

SUMMARY The forests of Juniperus thurifera are peculiar ecosystems that typically grow on mountains and highplateaux of the western Mediterranean basin with dry and continental climates. Some previous surveys suggested that these forests house a rather distinctive epiphytic bryophyte flora. Epiphytic bryophyte communities were systematically sampled in 19 representative juniper forests, for the first time spanning all the distribution area of this conifer. The flora consists of 44 species (32 acrocarpous mosses, 10 pleurocarpous mosses and 2 liverworts). Orthotrichum species are the most frequent and abundant in most of the sampled localities, including some uncommon taxa such as Orthotrich…

Orthotrichum anodon (Orthotrichaceae), a new species from California, and its relationships to otherOrthotrichawith puckered capsule mouths

A new Orthotrichum species, O. anodon F. Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka, is described. The new taxon is included in subgenus Pulchella (Schimp.) Vitt, and is characterised by its immersed, cylindrical capsules, with eight short exothecial bands that constrict the capsule mouth when dry; the lack of exostome teeth; the endostome having 16 hyaline and papillose segments; and the leaves lingulate to ovate lanceolate, with obtuse apices. Its distinction from and relationships with similar species within the genus, are discussed.

Orthotrichum pilosissimum (Orthotrichaceae), a new moss from arid areas of Nevada with unique axillary hairs

Abstract Orthotrichum pilosissimum is described from herbarium material and recently collected specimens in the state of Nevada. Its specific epithet refers to the diagnostic hyper-developed axillary hairs, which are frequently longer than 1 mm, multiseriate and branched, covering most of the stems surface and sometimes protruding from the foliose shoots. These hairs are not only unique in the genus but also among mosses, providing a reliable diagnostic character for the new taxon. Additional gametophytic and sporophytic characters that contribute to its taxonomic delimitation are also given.

On the priority ofOrthotrichum cylindrocarpumoverO. coulteriand Lesquereux's early vindication of an autonomous American bryology

Reëvaluation of Orthotrichum Rhytiore (Orthotrichaceae)

Examination of the holotype of Orthotrichum rhytiore B. H. Allen reveals gametophytic characters which support the placement of the species in Ulota. The species is peculiar within the genus due to its unusual sporophyte morphology, and the occurrence of these sporophytic characters in Ulota is discussed. Ulota rhytiore (B. H. Allen) F. Lara, Garilleti, Albertos & Mazimpaka comb. nov. is the first known species of the genus in tropical America.

A new look atOrthotrichum scanicumGrönvall (Orthotrichaceae, Bryophyta)

Abstract Orthotrichum scanicum Gronvall has been considered a European endemic whose main range corresponded to the central and northern region of the continent, and it is currently included in the 2007 IUCN World Red List as Vulnerable. However, a large number of recent reports and the examination of herbarium specimens have remarkably expanded the limits of its area in the Mediterranean and Caucasian regions. Additionally, the revision of the original collections of Orthotrichum holmenii from Kazakhstan shows that this taxon is conspecific with O. scanicum. An updated description of the species comprising the known range of its morphological variability is provided, and its exclusion from…

Ulota larrainii (Orthotrichoideae, Orthotrichaceae, Bryophyta) a new species from Chile, with comments on the worldwide diversification of the genus

A new species of Ulota D. Mohr, U. larrainii, is described from the Aysén Region, southern Chile. The characters that discriminate the new moss are the prostrate habit, leaves not crisped, marginal cells of the leaf base differentiated in 1(2) rows, vaginula hairy, exostome of 8 pairs of orange, recurved teeth, endostome of 16 broad and hyaline segments, and large, multicellular spores. The new moss is illustrated and compared with similar taxa. In addition, the presence of multicellular spores in the genus Ulota is summarized and evaluated from an updated list of currently accepted species. Finally, the distribution, species richness and levels of endemism in the different regions where Ul…

Orthotrichum karoo (Orthotrichaceae), a new species with hyaline-awned leaves from southwestern Africa

A new Orthotrichum species, 0. karoo, is described. The moss has a gametophyte similar to that of 0. diaphanum, from which it mainly differs in its peristome lacking exostome teeth. It is known from three localities in western South Africa, and from one more in southern Namibia. In all these localities it was found growing on shrubs and trees, rarely on rocks, in succulent karoo and related types of vegetation.

Tree age‐dependent changes among epiphytic bryophyte communities in Mediterranean environments. A case study from Sicily (Italy)

Abstract The epiphytic bryophytes inhabiting trees of different size/age in a Quercus ilex wood from Madonie Mountains (northern Sicily, Italy) were studied with the purpose of describing the changes that take place in the bryophyte stratum during the tree lifespan. Results indicate an increase of bryophyte cover combined with a progressive decrease of epiphytic lichens and the existence of an active process of species and community substitution. The way these processes take place corresponds to a succession sequence, which is characterised by a high number of pioneer species on the youngest trees and a sharp decline of species number on middle‐aged and old trees due to the great spread of …

A peculiar new Orthotrichum species (Orthotrichaceae, Bryopsida) from central Argentina

A new epiphytic Orthotrichum species (Orthotrichum spiculatum F. Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka sp. nov.) is described from the sierra of Cordoba (Argentina). The new species has most of the characteristics of subgenus Pulchella (Schimp.) Vitt, but it is unique because of having eight exostome teeth pairs and 16 broad, strongly papillose endostome segments. Additionally, its upper leaves have green, acuminate, dentate–spiculate apices. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 155, 477–482.

Comparing three complete mitochondrial genomes of the moss genus Orthotrichum Hedw.

Here, we present a comparative analysis of the mitochondrial genome of three representatives of Orthotrichum Hedw (Bryophyta): two populations of O. diaphanum and one of the related species, namely O. macrocephalum. Their mitochondrial genomes share the same gene content and gene order, and are furthermore structurally identical to those of other arthrodontous mosses. The mitogenome of the allopatric samples of O. diaphanum differ in 0.1% of their sequence, with protein coding genes holding five mutations, including two non-synonymous changes. The divergence between the mitogenomes of the two species, O. diaphanum and O. macrocephalum, is 0.4%. Within a broader sampling of the Orthotrichace…

New national and regional bryophyte records, 49

Paper presents couple of new national and regional bryophyte records accross the world, including our new record of Pseudocalliergon lycopodioides in the Carpathians (Czarny Dunajec); the only recent record for the Carpathians.

Lewinskya,a New Genus to Accommodate the Phaneroporous and Monoicous Taxa ofOrthotrichum(Bryophyta, Orthotrichaceae)

Molecular analyses have consistently evidenced the phylogenetic heterogeneity of Orthotrichum Hedw., and suggested the need to segregate the species with superficial stomata in a separate genus. A recent proposal has been made to accommodate the monoicous species with such stomata in the genus Dorcadion Adans. ex Lindb., which is, however, an illegitimate name according to the current Code of nomenclature of algae, fungi and plants. Consequently a new name is required, and the generic name Lewinskya F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet is proposed. New combinations are made for all the species included in the new genus. Given the long history of the genus Orthotrichum and the similarities between t…

Orthotrichum Norrisii (Orthotrichaceae), A New Epiphytic Californian Moss

Abstract A new Orthotrichum species, O. norrisii, is described from California. The new taxon is recognized by a unique combination of sporophytic characters: capsule narrowly cylindrical and not contracted below mouth when dry, exothecial bands narrow and formed by 2(–3) cell rows, peristome with eight pairs of exostome teeth and eight endostome segments, stomata cryptopore and located in the lower part of the urn, lid plane and rostrate and vaginula hairy. Widely distributed throughout California, the new taxon has been overlooked and confused with O. tenellum.

Lewinskya lamyanasp. nov. (Orthotrichaceae, Bryopsida), a Distinct Moss from an Exceptional Habitat in the Southern Iberian Peninsula

A new species, Lewinskya lamyana F.Lara, Garilleti, Draper & Mazimpaka, is described. It is a mainly epiphytic moss, so far exclusively found in southernmost Spain on the summit area of Sierra Bermeja, a coastal mountain, which is exceptional in several environmental aspects. The new moss is characterized by a set of morphological traits, most of them easily observed: medium to large plants; leaves lanceolate and acuminate with recurved margins; calyptra campanulate with scattered stout hairs; capsule fully immersed, brown, cylindrical, with 8 broad and prominent ribs; exostome of 8 pairs of teeth easily splitting, all fused basally in a continuous low ring; teeth opaque, cream-coloured, re…

New national and regional bryophyte records, 40

1. Aneura pseudopinguis (Herzog) PocsContributor: K. HylanderEthiopia: Kaffa, Bonga, Gimbo, Meligawa, Barta forest, 3 km ENE of Bonga, moist Afromontane forest, among other bryophytes on dead wood,...

Unnoticed diversity within the disjunct moss Orthotrichum tenellum s.l. validated by morphological and molecular approaches

Is it really you,Orthotrichum acuminatum? Ascertaining a new case of intercontinental disjunction in mosses

Intercontinental disjunct distributions are a main issue in current biogeography. Bryophytes usually have broad distribution ranges and therefore constitute an interesting subject of study in this context. During recent fieldwork in western North America and eastern Africa, we found new populations of a moss morphologically similar to Orthotrichum acuminatum. So far this species has been considered to be one of the most typical epiphytic mosses of the Mediterranean Basin. The new findings raise some puzzling questions. Do these new populations belong to cryptic species or do they belong to O. acuminatum, a species which then has a multiple-continent disjunct range? In the latter case, how c…

The long journey of Orthotrichum shevockii (Orthotrichaceae, Bryopsida): From California to Macaronesia

Biogeography, systematics and taxonomy are complementary scientific disciplines. To understand a species' origin, migration routes, distribution and evolutionary history, it is first necessary to establish its taxonomic boundaries. Here, we use an integrative approach that takes advantage of complementary disciplines to resolve an intriguing scientific question. Populations of an unknown moss found in the Canary Islands (Tenerife Island) resembled two different Californian endemic species: Orthotrichum shevockii and O. kellmanii. To determine whether this moss belongs to either of these species and, if so, to explain its presence on this distant oceanic island, we combined the evaluation of…

A new lectotypification of Ulota macrodontia Dusén ex Malta (Orthotrichaceae, Bryophyta)

Ulota macrodontia Dusen ex Malta is an epiphytic moss only known to exist in south Chile (Regions VIII, IX, X, XI, and XIV fide Muller, 2009). Because of the small number of available gatherings, i...

New national and regional bryophyte records, 35

Department of Botany, University of Stellenbosch, SouthAfrica1. Brachythecium laetum(Brid.) Schimp.Contributors: S. Huttunen, M. S. Ignatov and T.Korvenpa¨a¨Finland: La¨nsi-Turunmaa, Houtskari, on east andsouth shore of island Nataholm, 60u15945.3060N21u19911.960W, in rich deciduous forest withCorylusavellanaL. understory and some calcareous soils, 13August 2008, leg. Turkka Korvenpa¨a¨, det.M.S.Ignatov in August 2012 (original det. Brachytheciumcampestre) (TUR116496).The specimen ofBrachythecium laetumwas notedby M. S. Ignatov in connection with studies onFinnish material of B. campestre(Mu¨ll.Hal.) Schimp.from the Turku University Herbarium (TUR).Additional collections were searched for …