Erratum to: “Mass measurements on neutron-deficient Sr and neutron-rich Sn isotopes with the ISOLTRAP mass spectrometer” [Nucl. Phys. A 763 (2005) 45]

Chapter 7 HITRAP: A Facility at GSI for Highly Charged Ions

Abstract An overview and status report of the new trapping facility for highly charged ions at the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung is presented. The construction of this facility started in 2005 and is expected to be completed in 2008. Once operational, highly charged ions will be loaded from the experimental storage ring ESR into the HITRAP facility, where they are decelerated and cooled. The kinetic energy of the initially fast ions is reduced by more than fourteen orders of magnitude and their thermal energy is cooled to cryogenic temperatures. The cold ions are then delivered to a broad range of atomic physics experiments.

High-accuracy mass determination of neutron-rich rubidium and strontiumiIsotopes

The penning-trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP, installed at the on-line isotope separator ISOLDE at CERN, has been used to measure atomic masses of $^{88,89,90m,91,92,93,94}$Rb and $^{91- 95}$Sr. Using a resolving power of R $\!\scriptstyle\approx$1 million a mass accuracy of typically 10 keV was achieved for all nuclides. Discrepancies with older data are analyzed and discussed, leading to corrections to those data. Together with the present ISOLTRAP data these corrected data have been used in the general mass adjustment.

The g Factor of Hydrogenic Ions: A Test of Bound State QED

We present a new experimental value for the magnetic moment of the electron bound in hydrogenlike carbon (12C5+): g exp = 2.001 041 596 (5). The experiment was carried out on a single 12C5+ ion stored in a Penning trap. The high accuracy was made possible by spatially separating the induction of spin flips and the analysis of the spin direction. Experiment and theory test the bound-state QED contributions to the gJ factor of a bound electron to a precision of 1%. We discuss also implications of the experiment on the knowledge of the electron mass.

Determination of the g-Factor of Single Hydrogen-Like Ions by Mode Coupling in a Penning Trap

A method has been developed and applied for the determination of the electronic g-factor of single hydrogen-like ions stored in a Penning trap. The method is based on mode coupling of the ion trapping motions and is conceptionally advantageous as compared to previously used methods. It has been applied to hydrogen-like oxygen 16O7+ and yields a value for the gJ-factor which is in agreement with previously determined values. Experimental requirements and possibilities of the new method are discussed.

Direct mass measurements of neutron-deficient xenon isotopes with the ISOLTRAP mass spectrometer

Abstract The masses of Xe isotopes with 124⩾ A ⩾114 have been measured using the ISOLTRAP spectrometer at the on-line mass separator ISOLDE/CERN. A mass resolving power of 500 000 was chosen resulting in an accuracy of δm ≈12 keV for all isotopes investigated. Conflicts with existing mass data of several standard deviations were found.

HITRAP – a facility for experiments on heavy highly charged ions and on antiprotons

HITRAP is a facility for very slow highly-charged heavy ions at GSI. HITRAP uses the GSI relativistic ion beams, the Experimental Storage Ring ESR for electron cooling and deceleration to 4 MeV/u, and consists of a combination of an interdigital H-mode (IH) structure with a radiofrequency quadrupole structure for further deceleration to 6 keV/u, and a Penning trap for accumulation and cooling to low temperatures. Finally, ion beams with low emittance will be delivered to a large variety of atomic and nuclear physics experiments. Presently, HITRAP is in the commissioning phase. The deceleration of heavy-ion beam from the ESR storage ring to an energy of 500 keV/u with the IH structure has be…

A linear radiofrequency ion trap for accumulation, bunching, and emittance improvement of radioactive ion beams

An ion beam cooler and buncher has been developed for the manipulation of radioactive ion beams. The gas-filled linear radiofrequency ion trap system is installed at the Penning trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP at ISOLDE/CERN. Its purpose is toaccumulate the 60-keV continuous ISOLDE ion beam with high efficiency and to convert it into low-energy low-emittance ion pulses. The efficiency was found to exceed 10\,\% in agreement with simulations. A more than 10-fold reduction of the ISOLDE beam emittance can be achieved. The system has been used successfully for first on-line experiments. Its principle, setup and performance will be discussed. An ion beam cooler and buncher has been developed fo…

Mass measurements of very high accuracy by time-of-flight ion cyclotron resonance of ions injected into a penning trap

Abstract The possibility of absolute mass measurements using time-of-flight detection of ion cyclotron resonance on ions injected into a Penning trap has been demonstrated. Resolving powers of 2 million have been achieved, with accuracies of about 0.5 ppm. Absolute accuracy is obtained by direct observation of the sum frequency of the cyclotron and the magnetron motions through the use of an azimuthal quadrupole r.f. field to transform initial magnetron motion into cyclotron motion. Imperfections of the Penning trap leading to systematic errors are discussed. The system has been designed specifically to measure the masses of radionuclides produced at the on-line isotope separator ISOLDE. Wi…

High-accuracy measurement of the magnetic moment anomaly of the electron bound in hydrogenlike carbon.

We present a new experimental value for the magnetic moment of the electron bound in hydrogenlike carbon (12C5+): g(exp) = 2.001 041 596 (5). This is the most precise determination of an atomic g(J) factor so far. The experiment was carried out on a single 12C5+ ion stored in a Penning trap. The high accuracy was made possible by spatially separating the induction of spin flips and the analysis of the spin direction. The current theoretical value amounts to g(th) = 2.001 041 591 (7). Together experiment and theory test the bound-state QED contributions to the g(J) factor of a bound electron to a precision of 1%.

Production of negative osmium ions by laser desorption and ionization.

The interest to produce negative osmium ions is manifold in the realm of high-accuracy ion trap experiments: high-resolution nearly Doppler-free laser spectroscopy, antihydrogen formation in its ground state, and contributions to neutrino mass spectrometry. Production of these ions is generally accomplished by sputtering an Os sample with Cs(+) ions at tens of keV. Though this is a well-established method commonly used at accelerators, these kind of sources are quite demanding and tricky to operate. Therefore, the development of a more straightforward and cost effective production scheme will be of benefit for ion trap and other experiments. Such a scheme makes use of desorption and ionizat…

Time-separated oscillatory fields for high-precision mass measurements on short-lived Al and Ca nuclides

High-precision Penning trap mass measurements on the stable nuclide 27Al as well as on the short-lived radionuclides 26Al and 38,39Ca have been performed by use of radiofrequency excitation with time-separated oscillatory fields, i.e. Ramsey's method, as recently introduced for the excitation of the ion motion in a Penning trap, was applied. A comparison with the conventional method of a single continuous excitation demonstrates its advantage of up to ten times shorter measurements. The new mass values of 26,27Al clarify conflicting data in this specific mass region. In addition, the resulting mass values of the superallowed beta-emitter 38Ca as well as of the groundstate of the beta-emitte…

Direct mass measurements above uranium bridge the gap to the island of stability

The mass of an atom incorporates all its constituents and their interactions. The difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of its building blocks (the binding energy) is a manifestation of Einstein's famous relation E = mc(2). The binding energy determines the energy available for nuclear reactions and decays (and thus the creation of elements by stellar nucleosynthesis), and holds the key to the fundamental question of how heavy the elements can be. Superheavy elements have been observed in challenging production experiments, but our present knowledge of the binding energy of these nuclides is based only on the detection of their decay products. The reconstruction from extended d…

Accurate masses of neutron-deficient nuclides close to

Abstract Mass measurements with the Penning-trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP at ISOLDE/CERN are extended to nonsurface ionizable species using newly developed ion-beam bunching devices. Masses of 179–197Hg, 196,198Pb, 197Bi, 198Po and 203At were determined with an accuracy of 1×10 −7 corresponding to δm≈20  keV. Applying a resolving power of up to 3.7×10 6 ground and isomeric states of 185,187,191,193,197Hg were separated. First experimental values for the isomeric excitation energy of 187,191Hg are obtained. A least-squares adjustment has been performed and theoretical approaches are discussed to model the observed fine structure in the binding energy.

Extension of Penning-trap mass measurements to very short-lived nuclides

Abstract Mass measurements on 33,34,42,43 Ar have been performed at the ISOLTRAP spectrometer. An accuracy of δm ≈4 keV has been achieved for all measured isotopes. With 33 Ar it is the first time that a nuclide with a half-life shorter than one second has been investigated using a Penning trap. This became possible due to the recently installed linear radio-frequency ion-trap system and an improved, faster measurement cycle.

Simultaneous Measurement ofβ−Decay to Bound and Continuum Electron States

We report the first measurement of a ratio {lambda}{sub {beta}{sub b}}/{lambda}{sub {beta}{sub c}} of bound-state ({lambda}{sub {beta}{sub b}}) and continuum-state ({lambda}{sub {beta}{sub c}}) {beta}{sup -}-decay rates for the case of bare {sup 207}Tl{sup 81+} ions. These ions were produced at the GSI fragment separator FRS by projectile fragmentation of a {sup 208}Pb beam. After in-flight separation with the B{rho}-{delta}E-B{rho} method, they were injected into the experimental storage-ring ESR at an energy of 400.5A MeV, stored, and electron cooled. The number of both the {sup 207}Tl{sup 81+} ions and their bound-state {beta}{sup -}-decay daughters, hydrogenlike {sup 207}Pb{sup 81+} ion…

The laser ion source and trap (LIST) – A highly selective ion source

A combined structure consisting of a laser ion source and a linear Paul trap (LIST) has been designed to produce radioactive ion beams of high purity and optimal temporal and spacial brilliance at on-line isotope separator (ISOL) facilities. The functionality of the LIST was experimentally demonstrated in off-line tests using the RISIKO off-line mass separator together with an all solid state Ti:sapphire laser system at the University of Mainz. Two different ion trap designs were tested extracting the performance of these devices regarding ionization efficiency and selectivity as well as time structure and transverse emittance of the produced ion beam. The results of these measurements are …

Study of Basic Nuclear Properties of Highly-Charged, Unstable Nuclei at the SIS-FRS-ESR Complex

Recent progress in experiments with exotic nuclear beams at the SIS-FRS-ESR facility is summarized. New results on gross properties of exotic nuclei like binding energy, half-lives, and decay modes are presented. A brief outlook to future experiments is given.

Orientation of199mHg by optical pumping detected by ?-radiation anisotropy

199mHg was produced and mass separated at the ISOLDE facility (CERN). Nuclear orientation achieved by optical pumping via the resonance line 6s21S0→6s6p3P1,λ=2537A was monitored by means of the anisotropy of theγ-radiation emitted in the cascade199mHg(I=13/2+) $${}^{199m}Hg(I = 13/2^ + )\xrightarrow[{M4}]{}{}^{199*}Hg(I = 5/2^ - )\xrightarrow[{E2}]{}{}^{199}Hg(I = 1/2^ - ).$$ 199*Hg(I=5/2−)199Hg(I=1/2−).

SHIPTRAP—a capture and storage facility for heavy radionuclides at GSI

Abstract SHIPTRAP will be an ion-trap facility for heavy radionuclides delivered from SHIP. Ion traps are a perfect instrument for precision measurements since the ions can be cooled to an extremely small phase space and can be stored for a very long time. In addition one can achieve very high purity by removing contaminant ions. SHIPTRAP will extend the possibilities of measurements in traps to transuranium nuclides and provide cooled and isobarically pure ion bunches.

Nuclear Shape Staggering in Very Neutron-Deficient Hg Isotopes Detected by Laser Spectroscopy

The isotope shifts of $^{188}\mathrm{Hg}$, $^{186}\mathrm{Hg}$, and $^{184}\mathrm{Hg}$ in the 2537-\AA{} line have been measured by use of tunable dye laser at the on-line mass separator ISOLDE at CERN. The results are $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\nu}(^{188}\mathrm{Hg}\ensuremath{-}^{204}\mathrm{Hg})=35.8(2)$ GHz; $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\nu}(^{186}\mathrm{Hg}\ensuremath{-}^{204}\mathrm{Hg})=39.4(2)$ GHz; and $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\nu}(^{184}\mathrm{Hg}\ensuremath{-}^{204}\mathrm{Hg})=43.1(2)$ GHz. These data combined with those obtained by $\ensuremath{\beta}$-radiation-detected optical pumping ($\ensuremath{\beta}$-RADOP) on the odd Hg isotopes yield a huge odd-even…

Mass Measurements of Very Neutron-Deficient Mo and Tc Isotopes and Their Impact on rp Process Nucleosynthesis

The masses of ten proton-rich nuclides, including the N=Z+1 nuclides 85-Mo and 87-Tc, were measured with the Penning trap mass spectrometer SHIPTRAP. Compared to the Atomic Mass Evaluation 2003 a systematic shift of the mass surface by up to 1.6 MeV is observed causing significant abundance changes of the ashes of astrophysical X-ray bursts. Surprisingly low alpha-separation energies for neutron-deficient Mo and Tc are found, making the formation of a ZrNb cycle in the rp process possible. Such a cycle would impose an upper temperature limit for the synthesis of elements beyond Nb in the rp process.

Accurate mass measurements on neutron-deficient krypton isotopes

soumis à Nuclear Physics A; The masses of $^{72-78,80,82,86}$Kr were measured directly with the ISOLTRAP Penning trap mass spectrometer at ISOLDE/CERN. For all these nuclides, the measurements yielded mass uncertainties below 10 keV. The ISOLTRAP mass values for $^{72-75}$Kr outweighed previous results obtained by means of other techniques, and thus completely determine the new values in the Atomic-Mass Evaluation. Besides the interest of these masses for nuclear astrophysics, nuclear structure studies, and Standard Model tests, these results constitute a valuable and accurate input to improve mass models. In this paper, we present the mass measurements and discuss the mass evaluation for t…

High-accuracy mass measurements of neutron-rich Kr isotopes

The atomic masses of the neutron-rich krypton isotopes {sup 84,86-95}Kr have been determined with the tandem Penning trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP with uncertainties ranging from 20 to 220 ppb. The masses of the short-lived isotopes {sup 94}Kr and {sup 95}Kr were measured for the first time. The masses of the radioactive nuclides {sup 89}Kr and {sup 91}Kr disagree by 4 and 6 standard deviations, respectively, from the present Atomic-Mass Evaluation database. The resulting modification of the mass surface with respect to the two-neutron separation energies as well as implications for mass models and stellar nucleosynthesis are discussed.

Accurate mass determination of short-lived isotopes by a tandem Penning-trap mass spectrometer

A mass spectrometer consisting of two Penning traps has been set up for short-lived isotopes at the on-line mass separator ISOLDE at CERN. The ion beam is collected and cooled in the first trap. After delivery to the second trap, high-accuracy direct mass measurements are made by determining the cyclotron frequency of the stored ions. Measurements have been performed for $^{118}--^{137}$Cs. A resolving power of over ${10}^{6}$ and an accuracy of 1.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}7}$ have been achieved, corresponding to about 20 keV.

The laser ion source trap for highest isobaric selectivity in online exotic isotope production

The improvement in the performance of a conventional laser ion source in the laser ion source and trap (LIST) project is presented, which envisages installation of a repeller electrode and a linear Paul trap/ion guide structure. This approach promises highest isobaric purity and optimum temporal and spatial control of the radioactive ion beam produced at an online isotope separator facility. The functionality of the LIST was explored at the offline test separators of University of Mainz (UMz) and ISOLDE/CERN, using the UMz solid state laser system. Ionization efficiency and selectivity as well as time structure and transversal emittance of the produced ion beam was determined. Next step aft…

ISOLTRAP Mass Measurements for Weak-Interaction Studies

International audience; The conserved-vector-current (CVC) hypothesis of the weak interaction and the unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix are two fundamental postulates of the Standard Model. While existing data on CVC supports vector current conservation, the unitarity test of the CKM matrix currently fails by more than two standard deviations. High-precision mass measurements performed with the ISOLTRAP experiment at ISOLDE/CERN provide crucial input for these fundamental studies by greatly improving our knowledge of the decay energy of super-allowed beta decays. Recent results of mass measurements on the beta emitters 18Ne, 22Mg, 34Ar, and 74Rb as pertaining to weak-i…

High-accuracy mass measurements on neutron deficient neon isotopes

International audience; The atomic masses of the short-lived nuclides 17Ne and 19Ne have been measured with the triple-trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP at ISOLDE/CERN. The obtained mass excess for both nuclides deviates significantly from the literature value, in the case of 17Ne about 40 keV. The mass value of 17Ne can be applied for a test of the isobaric multiplet mass equation with respect to an isospin T = 3/2 quartet. In addition, both masses can contribute to the data analysis of collinear laser-spectroscopy experiments where mean-square nuclear-charge radii are determined.