Problematic internet use prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic
The health and socio-economic challenges arising from the COVID-19 pandemic have led to greater reliance on the internet to meet basic needs and responsibilities. Greater engagement in online activities may have negative mental and physical health consequences for some vulnerable individuals, particularly under mandatory self-isolation or ‘lockdown’ conditions. The present study investigated whether changes in levels of involvement in online activities during the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., watching TV series,online sexual activities, video games, social networks, gambling, online shopping, and instant messaging) were associated with problematic internet use, as well as whether certain psychol…
HEB806964_Supplemental_Appendix_1 – Supplemental material for Factorial Structure and Psychometric Properties of a Brief Scale of the Condom Use Self-Efficacy for Spanish-Speaking People
Supplemental material, HEB806964_Supplemental_Appendix_1 for Factorial Structure and Psychometric Properties of a Brief Scale of the Condom Use Self-Efficacy for Spanish-Speaking People by María-Dolores Gil-Llario, Vicente Morell-Mengual, Estefanía Ruiz-Palomino and Rafael Ballester-Arnal in Health Education & Behavior
Spanish validation of the Sexual Addiction Screening Test.
Background and aims Sexual addiction is a pathological behavior characterized by a combination of excessive sexual desire and impaired ability to control it. Its incidence ranges between 1.2% and 32.2%, although this number may vary depending on the screening tool used. This wide variability is largely due to the use of non-validated instruments (e.g., structural validity relying on exploratory analyses, instruments translated without an additional validation process, or instruments validated in another format). To deal with these limitations, this study tested the psychometric properties of the Spanish paper-and-pencil and online versions of the Sexual Addiction Screening Test (SAST). Met…
El fenómeno del sexting entre los adolescentes españoles: prevalencia, actitudes, motivaciones y variables explicativas
Resumen: El sexting es un fenómeno que consiste en el envío y la recepción de fotos, videos y/o mensajes de texto de naturaleza sexual a través de smartphones. Como en todos los demás países desarrollados, se está convirtiendo en una práctica cada vez más popular entre los adolescentes de España. Al tratarse de un fenómeno muy reciente todavía no existen muchos trabajos que hayan estudiado con profundidad su entidad y sus factores implicados. Por tanto, los dos objetivos de este estudio fueron determinar la prevalencia y analizar las variables explicativas del inicio y del mantenimiento de las conductas de sexting. La muestra estuvo formada por 784 adolescentes españoles (52% chicos y 48% c…
Socioemotional characteristics of minors in foster care: A comparison between the estimation of parents, teachers and children
Abstract During the child's first few years, it's of fundamental importance the presence of a strong emotional base as long as it creates the possibility to open themselves to physical and social world with confidence, and as it acts as a facilitator of cognitive development. For this reason, if the family cannot ensure such base, social services are forced to resort to foster care, a resource that has a lot of difficulties, leading to different implications in the development of the child and of the foster family. It is therefore important to analyze in depth the socio-emotional variables that characterize children who are in a situation of foster care in order to provide adequate assistan…
Psychiatric comorbidity in compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD)
This is a post-print version of the paper. To cite this article: Ballester-Arnal, R., Castro-Calvo, J., Giménez-García, C., Gil-Juliá, B. & Gil-Llario, M.D (2020). Psychiatric comorbidity in Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD). Addictive Behaviors, 107, 106384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106384 Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) is characterized by a persistent failure to control intense and recurrent sexual impulses, urges, and/or thoughts, resulting in repetitive sexual behavior that causes a marked impairment in important areas of functioning. Data collected from clinical populations suggest that CSBD frequently co-occurs with other Axis I and II psychiatric dis…
Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Sensation Seeking: A Preliminary Approach Among Male Sex Workers Compared to Gay Men in Spain
This study aims to explore sexual compulsivity (SC) and sexual sensation seeking (SSS) in male sex workers (MSWs) compared to a group of non-MSW gay men. A total of 60 MSWs and 63 gay men answered the SC Scale and the SSS Scale. The total scales' mean score was slightly higher in the MSW population. Still, statistical differences were observed in only two SSS items. In spite of the absence of statistical significance, MSWs presented more sexual behavior interferences on their lives and higher failure to control sexual impulses. Future interventions among MSWs should focus on sexual self-control and impulsivity.
Factorial Structure and Psychometric Properties of a Brief Scale of the Condom Use Self-Efficacy for Spanish-Speaking People
Background. Studies have shown the role played by perceived self-efficacy in explaining condom negotiation and condom use. Aims. The factorial structure and the psychometric properties of the Brief Condom Use Self-Efficacy Scale are presented. Method. The study included 368 men and 456 women aged 17 to 55 years ( Mage = 25.01, SD = 6.93). Results. Exploratory factor analysis yielded three factors: fear of rejection, impulse control, and condom acquisition and negotiation, which together accounted for 68% of the total variance. That structure was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach’s alpha for the Brief Condom Use Self-Efficacy Scale was .71. The scale provided adequate…
Transexualidad y Adolescencia: Una revisión sistemática
El estudio de la transexualidad ha evolucionado en los últimos años alcanzando mayor visibilidad actualmente gracias a las iniciativas de los colectivos trans y al incremento de niños, niñas y adolescentes que acuden a atención primaria por problemas de identidad de género. Este creciente interés ha estimulado la investigación cuya abundancia precisa un análisis y selección de los trabajos más relevantes. Con este objetivo hemos realizado una revisión bibliográfica con el fin de abordar el estado actual de la transexualidad temprana, centrándonos en los estudios relativos a su etiología, prevalencia, diagnóstico y tratamientos actuales. Para ello se consultaron diversas bases de datos (Web …
Problematic and non-problematic engagement in Online Sexual Activities across the lifespan
During the last decade, the number of people using the Internet for sexual purposes has increased exponentially. However, most studies conducted so far have analysed Online Sexual Activity (OSA) of adolescents and young people, meaning that we have few information on how this phenomenon is expressed across the lifespan. The aim of this study was to analyse three aspects of OSA (prevalence of different OSAs, motives to engage in OSA, and excessive and problematic engagement in OSA) in a large sample of individuals in different developmental stages. A self-selected sample of 8040 individuals between 12 and 85 years old were recruited and completed an online survey. Participants were distribut…
Development and psychometric properties of an instrument for the Assessment of Sexual Behaviour and Knowledge of people with Intellectual Disability
Background This paper presents psychometric properties of an instrument for the Assessment of Sexual Behaviour and Knowledge of people with Intellectual Disability (ASBKID), other‐reported by professionals who are in daily contact with them. Methods and procedures Assessments of 236 individuals with intellectual disability were obtained from 100 professionals. Results Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a four‐factor structure: concern about the user's inappropriate or uninhibited sexual behaviour; perception of the user's knowledge about privacy and social norms; perception of the user's knowledge about sexuality; and concerns about the user's sexuality. A multi‐group CFA was also conduc…
Suplementario – Supplemental material for Development and Psychometric Properties of the Detection of Sexual Abuse Risk Screening Scale (DSARss)
Supplemental material, Suplementario for Development and Psychometric Properties of the Detection of Sexual Abuse Risk Screening Scale (DSARss) by María Dolores Gil-Llario, Rafael Ballester-Arnal, Vicente Morell-Mengual, Lorena Caballero-Gascón and Jesús Castro-Calvo in Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment
Relationship between mothers' thoughts and behaviors and their daughters' development of the body image
Behaviors related to body image are influenced by learning and sociocultural environment; the parents can contribute to their children’s food problems through social values that they are supporting. Furthermore, it is known that during the development of the body image of girls it is fundamental the identification with the parent of the same sex. However, the extent of maternal influence is unknown, so our aim is to analyze the relationship between thoughts and behaviors of mothers and the development of their daughters’ body image, specifically on the variables: perceived image and ideal image, satisfaction and concern about body image, and social network behaviors. The study involved 53 p…
Sexuality in the Internet Era: Expressions of Hispanic Adolescent and Young People
ABSTRACTCybersex is an important manifestation of sexuality among adolescents and young people. However, there is not enough information about this sexual expression, in particular, in cultures such as Latino culture, which has a traditional perception of human sexuality. This study evaluates online sexual activity among Hispanic adolescent and young people. For this purpose, 2,227 participants from Mexico and Spain (between 15 and 25 years old) completed the Internet Sex Screening Test. Our findings reveal that the most common use of cybersex is recreational, although men and women show risk for cybersex abuse. This is associated with pornography consumption, anal sex, sexual orientation, …
Prevalence and sequelae of self-reported and other-reported sexual abuse in adults with intellectual disability
Background Sexual victimisation is an important problem that affects millions of people around the world, especially those with some kind of disability. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of self-reported and documented sexual abuse in people with mild or moderate intellectual disability and to analyse the sequelae that such experiences can have on their psychosocial health. Methods The sample consisted of 360 adults (50% men and 50% women) between 18 and 55 years of age (M = 39.87; standard deviation = 10.55). Results The prevalence of sexual abuse is 6.10% when it is self-reported (9.4% in women and 2.8% in men) and 28.6% when it is reported by professionals (27.8% in w…
Clinical profile associated with HIV risk in Spanish youth
Heterosexual transmission is the second route of new HIV infection diagnoses in Spain. A high percentage of young people use condom inconsistently. Beyond cognitive factors, emotional variables seem to be associated with sexual risk behavior. The aim was to examine the differential clinical profile between young people at risk and no-risk for HIV infection. A total of 424 heterosexuals were evaluated (M age =20.62; SD=2.16), and distributed into two groups: risk group (60.7%) and non-risk group (39.3%). They completed the AIDS Prevention Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, and the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluatio…
Afectación emocional en pacientes críticos: Factores de riesgo y de protección
Despite the importance of patients’ psychological well-being in their own recovery from illness, few studies examine these issues while the patient is still in ICU. This study analyzes the psychological distress of 71 ICU patients and the potential risk/protective factors for such distress. Patients showed moderate anxiety and depression although in a significant percentage clinical symptomatology was observed. More than halve of the patients revealed an intermediate general stress level and the most important stressor was having pain. Regarding risk factors for psychological distress, being a woman increased the risk for anxiety, depression and stress. Being a septic patient also increased…
Health promotion in young people: Identifying the predisposing factors of self-care health habits
Unhealthy behaviors are strongly associated with chronic diseases, disabilities, or mortality. Identifying the predisposing factors that influence on self-care healthy habits will improve an early detection of high-risk groups. Four hundred and sixty-six Spanish young people aged 18–25 years were assessed. Global perceived health self-care was predicted by Value of health and Conscientiousness, both in females ( R2 = 0.185; F = 29.661; p < 0.001) and males ( R2 = 0.154; F = 17.849; p < 0.001). The results have shown gender differences in health self-care habits. Health promotion policies should include specific health consciousness-based strategies.
EL PAPEL DE LA AUTOESTIMA EN LA PREVENCIÓN DEL VIH DE JÓVENES ESPAÑOLES
Abstract.THE ROLE OF SELF-ESTEEM IN HIV PREVENTION AMONG SPANISH YOUNG PEOPLE SELF-ESTEEM INFLUENCES ON SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND RELATIONSHIPS OF YOUNG PEOPLE.Aims to examine the effects of the self-esteem on HIV prevention, 467 young people from the Valencian Community (Mage = 20.62; SD = 2.14) completed the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and the Aids Prevention Questionnaire by Ballester et al. (2007). Results showed statistically significant positive correlation between self-esteem and self-efficacy in condom use (p = .000), perceived competence (p = .041) or number of sexual partners (p = .001). On the other hand, statistically significant negative correlation were found between solidarity t…
Cognitive processes related to problematic pornography use (PPU): A systematic review of experimental studies
Highlights • Some people experience symptoms derived from pornography viewing. • Cognitive processes may be related to the development of Problematic Pornography Use (PPU). • We performed a systematic review of 21 studies exploring cognitive processes related to PPU. • We identified 4 cognitive processes relevant for the development and maintenance of PPU.
Fundamental frequency of the female's voice: A cross-country empirical study on its influence on social and sexual selection
Recent studies demonstrate that voice (in particular, its fundamental frequency -Fo-) may influence on social and sexual selection. Here, we tested how the Fo of female's voice is related to different aspects of social and sexual selection through a novel experimental approach. First, we recorded and measured the Fo of 22 women reading a neutral text in Spanish language. Six of these voices were selected and classified into three categories: voices with a low Fo (225 Hz). Then, these voices were rated by two independent samples including both men and women: one comprised of native Spanish-speakers (n = 683) and the other comprised of native Italian non-Spanish-speakers (n = 484). Contrarily…
Estimating sexual knowledge of people with mild intellectual disability through a valid and reliable assessment scale: The ISK-ID
Background Despite the relevance of assessing sexual knowledge in people with Intellectual Disability, there is a lack of appropriate assessment tools to measure this domain. The current study tests the psychometric properties of the new ‘Inventory of Sexual Knowledge of people with Intellectual Disability’ (ISK-ID). Method 345 individuals with mild intellectual disability completed the ISK-ID before and after the implementation of a sexual education program. Psychometric properties of the ISK-ID were analysed according to Multidimensional Item Response Theory (MIRT). Results Its underlying factorial structure, along with parameters derived from the MIRT (item discrimination, difficulty, an…
El fenómeno del sexting entre los adolescentes españoles: prevalencia, actitudes, motivaciones y variables explicativas
El sexting es un fenómeno que consiste en el envío y la recepción de fotos, videos y/o mensajes de texto de naturaleza sexual a través de smartphones. Como en todos los demás países desarrollados, se está convirtiendo en una práctica cada vez más popular entre los adolescentes de España. Al tratarse de un fenómeno muy reciente todavía no existen muchos trabajos que hayan estudiado con profundidad su entidad y sus factores implicados. Por tanto, los dos objetivos de este estudio fueron determinar la prevalencia y analizar las variables explicativas del inicio y del mantenimiento de las conductas de sexting. La muestra estuvo formada por 784 adolescentes españoles (52% chicos y 48% chicas) co…
Spanish Adaptation and Validation of the Short Internalized Homonegativity Scale (SIHS)
Internalized homophobia has been related to mental health problems and sexual risk behaviors among nonheterosexual people. This article validates the Spanish adaptation of the Short Internalized Homonegativity Scale (SIHS). For this purpose, 347 men and 183 women completed the instrument. Exploratory factorial analysis showed three factors: public identification as homosexual (PIH), sexual comfort with homosexual people (SEXC), and social comfort with homosexual people (SOCC). These factors explained 57.96% of total variance. In addition, confirmatory factorial analysis supported this structure and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was.80 for the full scale. The three subscales ranged…
Cybersex Addiction: A Study on Spanish College Students
The aim of this study was to determine type and frequency of online sexual practices among Spanish college students, prevalence of risk and pathological cybersex use profiles, and correlates/predictors of this behaviour. Participants were 1,557 males and females between 18 and 25 years old. Results showed that cybersex use is not as frequent as that documented in other Western countries. However, a significant percentage of participants with a risky (9%) or pathological (1.7% in men and 0.1% in women) profile was identified. Finally, we found a set of variables that, in interaction with gender, explains 58% of the variance for cybersex addiction scores.
Risk Sexual Behaviors for HIV Infection in Colombian Adolescents
El propósito del siguiente estudio fue evaluar los factores de riesgo para contraer el VIH/SIDA en adolescentes de ambos géneros y diferentes estratos sociales escolarizados de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Se evaluó una muestra de 300 adolescentes mediante muestreo no aleatorio disponible de 10 y 11 grados de educación básica secundaria de diferentes colegios públicos y privados de la ciudad de Medellín, a quienes se les aplicó el cuestionario CPS desarrollado por Ballester, Gil, Guirado y Bravo (2004), encontrándose alta confiabilidad en el estudio. Finalmente se evidenció una baja información sobre los riesgos del VIH/SIDA en los adolescentes, acompañado por una baja percepción de vul…
Frecuencia sexual de los adolescentes españoles durante el confinamiento por COVID-19
La situación de confinamiento debido a la COVID-19 ha supuesto un gran cambio en los estilos de vida de los jóvenes. Sin embargo, poco se conoce del impacto que el aislamiento ha tenido en la sexualidad de los adolescentes. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la frecuencia sexual de los adolescentes durante el confinamiento y sus posibles consecuencias, todo ello con una perspectiva de género. 134 adolescentes españoles, entre 16-20 años, respondieron a una encuesta on-line ad hoc sobre sexualidad, siendo el 59.7% chicas. Un 67.2% de los participantes se consideraba heterosexual, un 91.2% estaba confinado/a con sus padres, un 59.7% estaba soltero/a y un 40.3% tenía pareja estab…
LA FORMACIÓN DE FORMADORES EN EDUCACIÓN SEXUAL BÁSICA
Abstract.TRAINING OF TRAINERS IN BASIC SEX EDUCATIONIntroduction: The training of future sexual educators requires not only a high degree of specialization, but also the mastery of a series of skills and competences since it requires a constant adaptation to the characteristics of the target group. The training of these educators, beyond fulfilling the objective of providing specific knowledge, must ensure the perceived mastery of the skills to carry out different intervention formats according to the size and characteristics of the target group as well as the time and the objectives pursued. In order to achieve these objectives, a work proposal has been devised that provides varied experie…
Trends in HIV sexual prevention: Attitudinal beliefs and behavioral intention in Spanish young people over the past two decades (1999-2020).
Abstract Despite preventive efforts, HIV exposure is still a concern for public health. The current prevalence is related to unsafe sex, which is based on socio-cognitive variables. Therefore, information about these variables is required to verify whether the past preventive strategies have been effective and improve the future ones. However, there is not updated information to adjust future preventive interventions. For this reason, this study analyzes trends by gender in Spanish young people over the past two decades in perceived susceptibility to HIV, severity perceived to HIV, condom confidence and the intention of condom use, from 1999 to 2020. For this purpose, 11,665 Spanish young p…
Self-efficacy in AIDS sexual prevention: influence of gender
La literatura científica apunta a que la escasa autoeficacia para el uso del preservativo explicaría muchas conductas de riesgo de transmisión del VIH en jóvenes. Se analiza la autoeficacia de los jóvenes en el uso del preservativo, la existencia de diferencias de género y la relación con variables relevantes en la prevención. Se aplicó la "Subescala de Autoeficacia en el Uso del Preservativo", incluida en el Cuestionario de Prevención del Sida (Ballester, Gil y Giménez, 2007), a 3540 universitarios (50.9% mujeres, 49.1% hombres). Los resultados indican que los jóvenes obtienen puntuaciones medias-altas en autoeficacia, mostrándose la menor puntuación en el autocontrol en el momento de exci…
Online sexual activities in Hispanic women: A chance for non-heterosexual women?
Abstract: Sexuality is still modulated by social determinants that promote a passive role for women. In the recent decades, some findings have supported the influence of the Internet on sexuality. However, the relevance of online sexual activities for some groups such as Hispanic young women is still unknown. In this context, this study examines online sexual experience among 310 Hispanic women from Argentina, Mexico and Spain; as well as the role of their offline sexuality and country in this sexual pattern. As a result, Hispanic women report a variety of online sexual activities that ranges from searching information to masturbation. In particular, the Internet use for sexual purposes is…
Cybersex in the “Net generation”: Online sexual activities among Spanish adolescents
The internet offers several opportunities to explore sexuality among adolescents. However, some studies have also revealed problematic effects of cybersex in earlier stages. Despite this, few studies analyze the online sexual behavior among adolescents, even less in Spain where there is very little data. For this reason, our aim is to examine the use of internet for sexual purposes among Spanish adolescents, including gender differences. Three hundred and twenty-two adolescents completed an ad-hoc questionnaire and the Spanish version of the Internet Sex Screening Test. In general, boys report more cybersex than girls do, for example, in masturbating while the Internet (60.6% of boys and 7.…
Development and Psychometric Properties of the Detection of Sexual Abuse Risk Screening Scale (DSARss).
People with intellectual disability (ID) are more vulnerable to being victims of sexual abuse (SA) because, in most cases, they are not able to detect the warning signs that abuse could occur. However, there is a lack of appropriate assessment tools to determine their vulnerability. To address this limitation, the current study tests the psychometric properties of the Detection of Sexual Abuse Risk Screening Scale (DSARss), a new scale developed to assess the ability of individuals with mild or moderate ID to detect the risk of SA. In all, 246 individuals with mild or moderate ID (55.3% males) completed the DSARss, along with other scales assessing related dimensions (e.g., psychopathologi…
Psychological distress in relatives of critically ill patients: Risk and protective factors
The admission to an intensive care unit can result in a significant burden of emotional distress in the family. This study analyzes the psychological distress of 89 relatives of intensive care unit patients and the potential risk/protective factors for such distress. Families show high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. Regarding risk factors, having steady partner, being a woman, and being a mother are associated with increased risk of anxiety, depression, and stress. Contrarily, being younger and having higher educational level are associated with reduced anxiety and stress. Influencing these trends could change positively the suffering course experienced by relatives and intensiv…
Adicción al cibersexo en función de la orientación sexual: prevalencia y predictores
El cibersexo, una práctica sexual generalizada en la sociedad, puede entrañar ciertos beneficios, aunque también conlleva riesgos (como desarrollar una adicción). Dado que el colectivo LGTBI (Lesbianas, gays, transexuales, bisexuales e intersexuales) lo consume más frecuentemente, el riesgo de adicción también podría ser mayor. Este estudio pretende analizar si la orientación sexual aumentaba el riesgo de consumo adictivo de cibersexo, y si la preferencia por determinadas Actividades Sexuales Online (ASOs) y las motivaciones para su realización explicaban este incremento. A tal fin, 553 personas de entre 18-40 años (54.2% hombres; 36.2% heterosexuales, 36.2% bisexuales, 27.7% homosexuales) …
Development and psychometric properties of a self‐report instrument for the assessment of sexual behaviour and concerns of people with mild intellectual disabilities (SEBECOMID‐S)
Background: This paper presents a description of the development and psychometric properties of a self-report instrument for the assessment of sexual behaviour and concerns of people with mild intellectual disabilities (SEBECOMID-S). Methods and procedures: The study included 281 people with mild intellectual disabilities. The psychometric properties were examined through exploratory factorial analysis, descriptive statistics, and reliability indices. Results: The exploratory factor analyses offered a structure with three factors: concern about the appropriateness of their sexual behaviour, sexual practices performed, and safe sex practices. The model presents an excellent fit (χ2 /df = 1.1…
Personas mayores en riesgo: uso del preservativo ante las infidelidades
Si bien las infecciones de transmisión sexual suelen relacionarse con etapas evolutivas tempranas, estudios recientes ponen el foco de atención en la población más mayor. Sin embargo, pocos esfuerzos centran su atención en dicho colectivo, entre otros motivos, por la propia invisibilización de su sexualidad. Esto ocurre todavía más, cuando se trata de conductas penalizadas socialmente, como sería el caso de la infidelidad. Por este motivo, el presente estudio busca analizar la conducta de uso del preservativo en personas mayores, en el contexto de la infidelidad, así como el papel que podrían jugar variables psicológicas y nuevos contextos sexuales, como internet. Para ello, 244 personas (4…
Respuesta sexual en el varón adulto: estudio preliminar
Las personas mayores cada vez otorgan más importancia a la vivencia activa de su sexualidad, lo que choque con algunas de las limitaciones físicas que impone la vejez. El objetivo de este trabajo es acercarnos a la vivencia de la sexualidad en hombres mayores a través de uno de los principales cuestionarios empleados en el estudio de la respuesta sexual masculina: el Índice Internacional de la Función Eréctil. Para ello, 38 hombres de entre 53 y 81 años completaron este y otros instrumentos a través de los cuales se encontró que si bien algunos aspectos de la respuesta sexual (como la función eréctil o el deseo sexual) efectivamente se veían afectados negativamente en hombres mayores, el im…
Culture as an influence on sexting attitudes and behaviors: A differential analysis comparing adolescents from Spain and Colombia
Abstract This study analyses the prevalence of sexting and the reasons and attitudes associated with its practice in adolescents with different cultural backgrounds (Colombia and Spain). The sample is made up of 489 Spaniards and 510 Colombians aged between 13 and 18 years. The results show that sexting is strongly influenced by gender and the country, in favor of men and Colombians respectively. The interaction between gender and country establishes that in Spain women and men practice sexting equally, while in Colombia men practice much more sexting than women. Although the practice of sexting increases progressively with age, the levels are higher among Colombian adolescents, especially …
Traducción y validación preliminar del Cuestionario de Adicción al Sexo en jóvenes
Sex addiction is a pathology that starts in the adolescence or the early adulthood and has an important impact on social and personal development. Early detection is a key issue, so the aim of this study was to adapt and validate one of the most employed questionnaires for its assessment: the Sexual Addiction Screening Test. For this purpose, 600 young people completed the study surveys. Through a factor analysis, we found that the SAST was composed by 4 subscales that explained 38.38% of the variance. Furthermore, reliability and convergent validity values supported its employment in the assessment of sex addiction. Therefore, SAST is now one of the available resources for the assessment o…
ARMONÍA DE PAREJA EN POBLACIÓN DE PERSONAS MAYORES: DIFERENCIAS ENTRE SEXOS
El ajuste diádico no solamente es un factor esencial en la perdurabilidad y calidad de toda relación de pareja, sino que además, puede afectar a la vida personal y a la salud de sus miembros. El presente estudio explora el ajuste percibido por las personas mayores en España en su relación de pareja presente o pasada, analizando las posibles diferencias entre hombres y mujeres. Se administró la Escala de Ajuste Diádico a 80 personas entre los 51 y los 81 años. El 55% eran mujeres. El 66,3% estaban casados, el 21,3% separados o divorciados y un 12,5% había enviudado. Se tomó el valor 107 propuesto en la literatura como punto de corte para establecer un ajuste diádico positivo. La puntuación g…
Occurrence and clinical characteristics of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD): A cluster analysis in two independent community samples.
AbstractBackground and aimsCompulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) is characterized by a persistent failure to control intense and recurrent sexual impulses, urges, and/or thoughts, resulting in repetitive sexual behavior that causes a marked impairment in important areas of functioning. Despite its recent inclusion in the forthcoming ICD-11, concerns regarding its assessment, diagnosis, prevalence or clinical characteristics remain. The purpose of this study was to identify participants displaying CSBD through a novel data-driven approach in two independent samples and outline their sociodemographic, sexual, and clinical profile.MethodsSample 1 included 1,581 university students (female…
Peer-Led or Expert-Led Intervention in HIV Prevention Efficacy? A Randomized Control Trial Among Spanish Young People to Evaluate Their Role
HIV new infections still affect young people around the world. In this context, behavioral interventions seem to be effective in promoting safe sex although some conditions are still inconclusive in different regions. For example, there is insufficient evidence about who may be the best facilitator. For this reason, this study evaluates the effectiveness of peer and expert facilitators for HIV prevention aimed at Spanish young people. For this purpose 225 Spanish college students, aged between 18 and 25 (74.20% women and 25.80% men), were involved in an experimental design to evaluate the facilitators’ effect in a brief intervention for HIV prevention. Participants’ results were measured b…
Gender, sexuality and relationships in Young Hispanic people
This study explores the relation between gender differences and sexuality among young Hispanic people. Eight hundred and forty young people from Spain and Mexico filled out a self-administered questionnaire about sexuality (sexual experience, sexual orientation, and sexual relationships) and gender (self-identification). Men in both Spain and Mexico more commonly report the practice of masturbation and vaginal sex, and are more likely to be unfaithful than women. Women in both countries report more steady partners and longer length of relationships. There were greater gender differences for Mexican men and women than for Spanish men and women in terms of sexual frequency, sexual orientation…
Analysis of demographic, psychological and cultural aspects associated with the practice of sexting in Mexican and Spanish adolescents
Abstract Sexting is an increasingly frequent phenomenon among adolescents, and it involves risky behaviors such as sextortion or even grooming. This study aims to analyze demographic, psychological, and cultural variables that may explain the nature of this phenomenon. The sample consisted of 471 adolescents from 12 to 18 years old from two countries, Spain and Mexico, with dissimilar levels of gender inequality. Results highlight important differences in sexting behavior between the two countries. We have found higher levels of sexting behaviors in Mexican adolescents (41.5 %) than in Spanish adolescents (24.6 %) as well as an earlier start in Mexican adolescents. Moreover, adolescents in …
Sexual Compulsivity Scale: Adaptation and Validation in the Spanish Population
Sexual compulsivity has been studied in relation to high-risk behavior for sexually transmitted infections. The aim of this study was the adaptation and validation of the Sexual Compulsivity Scale to a sample of Spanish young people. This scale was applied to 1,196 (891 female, 305 male) Spanish college students. The results of principal components factor analysis using a varimax rotation indicated a two-factor solution. The reliability of the Sexual Compulsivity Scale was found to be high. Moreover, the scale showed good temporal stability. External correlates were examined through Pearson correlations between the Sexual Compulsivity Scale and other constructs related with HIV prevention. …
Análisis de la bondad de múltiples indicadores para el diagnóstico de la adicción al cibersexo
El uso de Internet con propósitos sexuales (p.e., visionado de pornografía o contacto sexual mediante chat o cámara web) resulta una práctica cada vez más generalizada. Si bien en la mayoría de los casos se realiza de forma recreativa, en algunas ocasiones puede sobrevenir compulsivo, incontrolado y asociado a deterioro funcional en varios ámbitos (adicción al cibersexo). Las escalas de las que disponemos para su diagnóstico se han visto limitadas a la hora de identificar estos pacientes debido a que algunos indicadores diagnósticos han perdido especificidad: por ejemplo, el tiempo online con fines sexuales parece no discriminar usuarios problemáticos debido al uso cada vez más intensivo de…
La orientación sexual en personas mayores: Categorías, deseos y realidades.
La diversidad sexual tiende a considerarse una cuestión que afecta principalmente a personas jóvenes por lo que los estudios centrados en la vivencia de una orientación sexual minoritaria en personas mayores son muy escasos. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar el grado de coincidencia entre la orientación sexual autodefinida, el objeto de deseo y las personas con las que se han tenido relaciones sexuales. En este estudio han participado 244 personas (47,5% hombres y 52,5% mujeres) de entre 55 y 80 años heterogéneos en cuanto al nivel socioeconómico, grado académico y situación laboral. Todos ellos han cumplimentado un cuestionario sobre orientación sexual y aspectos como religión o…
Psychometric properties and validation of the sexual sensation seeking scale in Spanish adolescents: Brief screening method for use in research and clinical practice
Abstract Sexual sensation seeking among adolescents has been mostly associated with unprotected sex and other risky behaviors. This paper presents the Spanish adaptation and validation of the Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale (SSSS). This cross-sectional study included 1350 adolescents (601 male and 749 female), aged between 15 and 18 years ( M = 16.1, SD = 0.97). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) yielded two components: Physical Sensations Attraction (PSA), and New Experiences Seeking (NES), which together accounted for 48.98% of the total variance. That structure was later verified through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Internal consistency was 0.82 for the total scale, and 0.76 and 0…
Perceived stress in relation to quality of life and resilience in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis
Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease undergo various stages of therapeutic adaptation which involve lifestyle modifications, physical changes, and adjustment to renal replacement therapy. This process produces adaptive stress. Objective: To identify how resilience, health- related quality of life, and sociodemographic, clinical, and hemodialysis routine-related variables are related to perceived stress in patients with chronic kidney disease receiving hemodialysis for more than six months. Methods: This was a multicenter and cross-sectional study involving 144 patients from the Valencian Community (Spain). The assessment scales used for the study were the Perceived Stress Scale …
Influence of sexual sensation seeking, sexual compulsivity and sexual pleasure in condom use among Spanish youth: implications for HIV interventions
Spain is one of the countries with the highest incidence of HIV within the European Union. Multiple and complex factors influence HIV infection in young people. This study aims to determine the influence of sexual sensation seeking, sexual compulsivity and perceived sexual pleasure variables in condom use. A total of 424 heterosexual youth were evaluated (M age = 20.62; SD = 2.62) distributed into a risk group (60.7%) and a no-risk group (39.3%). Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale, AIDS Prevention Questionnaire, Sexual Compulsivity Scale, and Sexual Pleasure Perceived Scale were administered. Results indicate statistically significant differences in sexual sensation seeking (p=.001), failure to…
Una perspectiva de género en el estudio de conductas de riesgo de los adolescentes.
La adolescencia es una etapa clave para la adquisición de los estilos de vida saludables. Sin embargo, a nivel europeo, se observa cómo los y las adolescentes realizan a diario conductas de riesgo para su salud. Dadas las repercusiones que conllevan, este trabajo explora la realización de conductas de riesgo para la salud (consumo de alcohol, tabaco y otras drogas, mala alimentación, sedentarismo y sexualidad de riesgo) así como el análisis de aquellas variables que podrían facilitarlas (actitudes, creencias y motivaciones) entre adolescentes de la Comunidad Valenciana. Para ello, 300 adolescentes entre 15 y 18 años, cumplimentaron el Cuestionario de Información, Actitudes y Comportamientos…
Towards a cross-cultural assessment of binge-watching : Psychometric evaluation of the “watching TV series motives” and “binge-watching engagement and symptoms” questionnaires across nine languages
International audience; In view of the growing interest regarding binge-watching (i.e., watching multiple episodes of television (TV) series in a single sitting) research, two measures were developed and validated to assess binge-watching involvement (``Binge-Watching Engagement and Symptoms Questionnaire'', BWESQ) and related motivations (``Watching TV Series Motives Questionnaire'', WTSMQ). To promote international and cross-cultural binge-watching research, the present article reports on the validation of these questionnaires in nine languages (English, French, Spanish, Italian, German, Hungarian, Persian, Arabic, Chinese). Both questionnaires were disseminated, together with additional …
Sexual Sensation Seeking in Spanish Young Men and Women With Different Sexual Orientations
This study analyzes the relation of sexual orientation and gender to sexual sensation seeking. Participants were 382 individuals (200 men, 182 women) between 17 and 29 years old who completed the Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale. Of the 382 participants, 52.46% self-reported heterosexual orientation, and 47.64% self-reported homosexual orientation. The results showed differences with Sexual Sensation Seeking being more frequent among heterosexuals and men. There were no differences between heterosexual and homosexual men. Heterosexual women had higher sexual sensation seeking scores than did homosexual women. These results and their possible implications for the effective development of preve…
Relationship Status as an Influence on Cybersex Activity: Cybersex, Youth, and Steady Partner
The authors focus on the influence of participants' having or not having a steady partner when reference to cybersex use. Participants were 1,239 young, Spanish individuals who completed the Internet Sex Screening Test. Results showed the influence of being in a relationship on certain consumption dimensions of cybersex; the influence was found to be greater in men than in women. In general, cybersex activity was higher for single participants, although it was also significant for participants with a steady partner. The authors' findings facilitate the comprehension of the effect of new technologies in intimate human relationships.
Personality as a mediating variable in condom use among Spanish youth.
Several studies have shown the influence of personality in risky sexual behaviors. This work has sought to establish which personality variables favor or hinder condom use in Spanish youth. A total of 408 young heterosexuals were assessed, divided into risk group (60.8%) and no-risk group (39.2%), according to systematic condom use. The results show statistically significant differences in Openness to Experience (p = .039), Conscientiousness (p = .047), Actions (p = .001), Competence (p = .024), and Self-discipline (p = .046). The regression analysis revealed that Compliance explained about 14 percent of the variance in condom use. The tendency to behave in a cooperative, peace-making, and …
The experience of sexuality in adults with intellectual disability
Background People with intellectual disability have the same sexual needs as those without any disability, yet their sexuality is often restricted by reluctant attitudes and/or fears based on irrational beliefs. The aim of this study is to describe and analyse different areas of sexuality in adults with mild or moderate intellectual disability. Method The sample consisted of 180 men and 180 women attending occupational centres. All the participants were administered a questionnaire about sexuality adapted to their characteristics. Results Results show that 84.2% have had sexual relationships with another person, this percentage being higher in females and in people aged between 38 and 55 ye…
Sexualidad en diversidad funcional intelectual: recopilación de los instrumentos de evaluación del equipo Salusex
La sexualidad de las personas con discapacidad intelectual (DI) ha sido un tema muy controvertido. Su sexualidad ha estado sustentada por una serie de mitos y falsas creencias que, a pesar de carecer de apoyo empírico, han restringido su derecho a conseguir una expresión libre de esta faceta. En unos casos su sexualidad ha sido equiparada a la de los niños, creyendo que eran personas asexuadas; y en otros se les ha presupuesto una ausencia de control sobre sus impulsos, optando por no despertar sus instintos sexuales. El equipo SALUSEX inició el estudio de la sexualidad en este colectivo en el año 2015 con un proyecto financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad relacionado con…
The role of dispositional and social factors in Argentinian and Spanish women's sexuality
This study examines the role of sociocultural and dispositional factors in the sexual expressions of young Argentinian and Spanish women. Three hundred young women self-evaluated their sexual practices, sexual orientation, and relationships. Results reveal differences in women's sexuality based on societal and dispositional variables. The latter seem to play a more important role in those sexual behaviors that are normative in Hispanic traditions, whereas gender dissimilarity is more relevant when these behaviors are socially censured. Therefore, women's sexuality in Hispanic traditions, such as in Argentina and Spain, seems to be more complex than past studies reported.
Common etiological pathways between toxic substance use, Internet and cybersex addiction: The role of expectancies and antisocial deviance proneness
This study examined Internet and cybersex addiction in adolescents and how such behaviour was associated with substance use (in particular, cigarettes, alcohol, and drug use). Participants were 312 adolescents, aged 14-16, who completed survey instruments. Study measures included demographic, toxic substance use, expectancies toward substances consumption, antisocial deviance proneness, Internet, and cybersex addiction variables. Descriptive, bivariate analyses, exploratory/confirmatory factor analyses, and structural Equation Modeling were performed. Nearly 60%, 26%, and 25% of adolescents reported having drunk alcohol, used drugs and smoked cigarettes respectively. Prevalence of Internet …
Psychological distress in critically ill patients: Risk and protective factors
Abstract : Despite the importance of patients’ psychological well-being in their own recovery from illness, few studies examine these issues while the patient is still in ICU. This study analyzes the psychological distress of 71 ICU patients and the potential risk/protective factors for such distress. Patients showed moderate anxiety and depression although in a significant percentage clinical symptomatology was observed. More than halve of the patients revealed an intermediate general stress level and the most important stressor was having pain. Regarding risk factors for psychological distress, being a woman increased the risk for anxiety, depression and stress. Being a septic patient als…
A Validation Study of the Spanish Version of the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI): Paper-and-Pencil Versus Online Administration.
Hypersexuality is a problematic behavior characterized by the combination of an excessive sexual desire and the pathological inability to control it. This study presents the psychometric properties of the Spanish paper-and-pencil and online versions of the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI), one of the most popular scales to assess this issue. 2250 participants (1070 men) completed a translated version of the HBI (1450 in paper-and-pencil; 800 online). The EFA yielded three factors that explained 67.53% of total variance for the HBI paper-and-pencil version. This factor structure was confirmed in the HBI online version through CFA. Factorial, structural, scalar and error variance invarian…
Relación entre el consumo de sustancias tóxicas y el uso del preservativo
En los últimos años ha habido un repunte en las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS). Tradicionalmente, se asociaban las ITS a ciertos colectivos. Sin embargo, se observa que esta acentuación se da en diferentes grupos poblacionales, y es debida principalmente a las conductas sexuales de riesgo que se realizan, las cuales son exacerbadas por ciertos factores, como el consumo de sustancias tóxicas, la baja percepción de riesgo o la búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales. El principal objetivo es comprobar la relación existente entre el consumo de sustancias y el uso del preservativo en distintas prácticas sexuales. Como objetivos secundarios, se estudiarán estas mismas relaciones en función del…
Sexual behavior and sexual health of transgender women and men before treatment: Similarities and differences
BACKGROUND: There is a lack of research on the sexual health of transgender individuals, as well as a paucity of data about overall sexual health indexes before treatment. AIMS: This study aims to analyze the main issues involved in transgender individuals’ sexual behavior (with and without a partner), overall sexual health indexes, and potential predictors of sexual health, comparing trans men and trans women on all the variables assessed. METHODS: 260 trans people were recruited at a transgender health clinic in Spain. Participants completed the Sexual Behavior Questionnaire for transgender people before receiving any treatment. RESULTS: Overall results show that trans women have a more e…
Influence of beliefs about romantic love on the justification of abusive behaviors among early adolescents
Introduction Romantic experiences during adolescence have an important influence on functioning later in life. Romantic love has been associated with the acceptance of abusive behaviors. This study examined the relationship between myths of romantic love and the perceived severity of different types of abusive behaviors, as well as the influence of gender. Methods The sample comprised 448 Spanish adolescents (M = 12.92 years old; SD = 0.85), of which 50.3% were male and 49.7% were female. Participants were evaluated in the school setting. The Perception of Abuse Scale and the Myths, Fallacies, and Misconceptions about Romantic Love Scale were administered. Results Statistically significant …
El fenómeno del sexting entre los adolescentes españoles: prevalencia, actitudes, motivaciones y variables explicativas
El sexting es un fenómeno que consiste en el envío y la recepción de fotos, videos y/o mensajes de texto de naturaleza sexual a través de smartphones. Como en todos los demás países desarrollados, se está convirtiendo en una práctica cada vez más popular entre los adolescentes de España. Al tratarse de un fenómeno muy reciente todavía no existen muchos trabajos que hayan estudiado con profundidad su entidad y sus factores implicados. Por tanto, los dos objetivos de este estudio fueron determinar la prevalencia y analizar las variables explicativas del inicio y del mantenimiento de las conductas de sexting. La muestra estuvo formada por 784 adolescentes españoles (52% chicos y 48% chicas) co…
Explanatory Psychological Factors of Inconsistently Condom Use among Spanish University Students: Gender Differences
Abstract More than 50% of Spanish youth does not use of condoms correctly and consistently. University students are a particular population at high risk of the HIV infection, other STIs and unwanted pregnancies. The influence of psychological variables in using of condom is analyzed by gender and type of sexual relationship. A total of 256 females and 168 males were assessed (Mage= 20.62; SD = 2.16). A regression logistic analysis showed that sexual sensation seeking appears as an explanatory variable of inconsistently condom use in both females and males in vaginal intercourse, steady relationship intercourse and sex under the alcohol and other drugs effects (adjusted odds ratio between 1.…