Properties of Resveratrol:In VitroandIn VivoStudies about Metabolism, Bioavailability, and Biological Effects in Animal Models and Humans

Plants containing resveratrol have been used effectively in traditional medicine for over 2000 years. It can be found in some plants, fruits, and derivatives, such as red wine. Therefore, it can be administered by either consuming these natural products or intaking nutraceutical pills. Resveratrol exhibits a wide range of beneficial properties, and this may be due to its molecular structure, which endow resveratrol with the ability to bind to many biomolecules. Among these properties its activity as an anticancer agent, a platelet antiaggregation agent, and an antioxidant, as well as its antiaging, antifrailty, anti-inflammatory, antiallergenic, and so forth activities, is worth highlightin…

Higher oxidative stress in human dental pulp stem cells cultured at 21% O2 compared to 5% O2

Sex Differences in Age-Associated Type 2 Diabetes in Rats—Role of Estrogens and Oxidative Stress

Females live longer than males, and the estrogens are one of the reasons for this difference. We reported some years ago that estrogens are able to protect rats against oxidative stress, by inducing antioxidant genes. Type 2 diabetes is an age-associated disease in which oxidative stress is involved, and moreover, some studies show that the prevalence is higher in men than in women, and therefore there are sex-associated differences. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of estrogens in protecting against oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic males and females. For this purpose, we used Goto-Kakizaki rats, which develop type 2 diabetes with age. We found that female diabetic ra…

El estrés oxidativo como predictor de longevidad; estudio de casos y controles

Resumen Introduccion La longevidad humana es un fenomeno complejo en el que influyen factores geneticos y ambientales. El estres oxidativo (EO) puede jugar un papel importante en este proceso. El envejecimiento exitoso podria relacionarse con la habilidad del organismo para hacer frente al EO. Nuestro objetivo es comparar los niveles en plasma de malondialdehido (MDA) y proteinas oxidadas (PO) entre sujetos mayores de 97 anos y con edad entre 70 y 80 anos, para comprender mejor los efectos del estres oxidativo en la longevidad humana. Material y metodos Estudio de casos y controles de base poblacional. Se consideraron casos todas aquellas personas nacidas y residentes en la comarca de la Ri…

PTEN Mediates the Antioxidant Effect of Resveratrol at Nutritionally Relevant Concentrations

Introduction.Antioxidant properties of resveratrol have been intensively studied for the last years, bothin vivoandin vitro. Its bioavailability after an oral dose is very low and therefore it is very important to make sure that plasma concentrations of free resveratrol are sufficient enough to be active as antioxidant.Aims.In the present study, using nutritionally relevant concentrations of resveratrol, we aim to confirm its antioxidant capacity on reducing peroxide levels and look for the molecular pathway involved in this antioxidant effect.Methods.We used mammary gland tumor cells (MCF-7), which were pretreated with different concentrations of resveratrol for 48 h, and/or a PTEN inhibit…

Identificación de polimorfismos de nucleótido simple en centenarios

Resumen Introduccion La longevidad viene determinada por la genetica propia de cada especie y por factores externos, tales como nutricionales, ambientales, sociales, etc. Sin embargo, los individuos mas longevos se caracterizan por presentar una mayor adaptacion al entorno condicionada predominantemente por su propia genetica. Dentro de una misma poblacion con relativa homogeneidad genotipica, podemos encontrar cambios sutiles en la secuencia de ADN que afectan unicamente a un nucleotido. Estos cambios denominados polimorfismos de nucleotido simple ( Single Nucleotide Polimorphisim [SNP]) se encuentran con una prevalencia mayor al 1-5% de la poblacion. Por ello, nos planteamos estudiar en i…

Human exceptional longevity: transcriptome from centenarians is distinct from septuagenarians and reveals a role of Bcl-xL in successful aging.

24 páginas, 7 figuras. Borras C, et al. Human exceptional longevity: transcriptome from centenarians is distinct from septuagenarians and reveals a role of Bcl-xL in successful aging. Aging (Albany NY). 2016 Oct 28;8(12):3185-3208. doi: 10.18632/aging.101078.

The Free Radical Theory of Aging Revisited: The Cell Signaling Disruption Theory of Aging

AbstractSignificance: The free radical theory of aging has provided a theoretical framework for an enormous amount of work leading to significant advances in our understanding of aging. Up to the turn of the century, the theory received abundant support from observations coming from fields as far apart as comparative physiology or molecular biology. Recent Advances: Work from many laboratories supports the theory, for instance showing that overexpression of antioxidant enzymes results in increases in life-span. But other labs have shown that in some cases, there is an increased oxidative stress and increased longevity. The discovery that free radicals can not only cause molecular damage to …

Early, but not late onset estrogen replacement therapy prevents oxidative stress and metabolic alterations caused by ovariectomy.

Aims: The usefulness of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in preventing oxidative stress associated with menopause is controversial. We aimed to study if there is a critical time window for effective treatment of the effects of ovariectomy with estrogens at the molecular, metabolic, and cellular level. Results: Our main finding is that early, but not late onset of ERT prevents an ovariectomy-associated increase in mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide levels, oxidative damage to lipids and proteins, and a decrease in glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity in rats. This may be due to a change in the estrogen receptor (ER) expression profile: ovariectomy increases the ER α/β ratio and immedi…

Lifelong soya consumption in males does not increase lifespan but increases health span under a metabolic stress such as type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Soya consumption can decrease oxidative stress in animal models. Moreover, phytoestrogens such as genistein, present in soya, can mimic some of the beneficial effects of estrogens and are devoid of significant side effects, such as cancer. In this study, we have performed a controlled lifelong study with male OF1 mice that consumed either a soya-free diet or a soya-rich diet. We show that, although we found an increase in the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes in soya-consuming mice, it did not increase lifespan. We reasoned that the soya diet could not increase lifespan in a very healthy population, but perhaps it could extend health span in stressed animals such as type 2 diab…