0000000000056150

AUTHOR

Tom Cloke

showing 3 related works from this author

Antiretroviral therapy abrogates association between arginase activity and HIV disease severity

2010

AbstractArginase-induced L-arginine deprivation is emerging as a key mechanism for the downregulation of immune responses. We hypothesised that arginase activity increases with disease severity in HIV-seropositive patients. Our results show that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 23 HIV-seropositive patients with low CD4+ T cell counts (≤350 cells/μl) expressed significantly more arginase compared with 21 patients with high CD4+ T cell counts. Furthermore, we found a significant association between the two principal prognostic markers used to monitor HIV disease (CD4+ T cell count and plasma viral load) and PBMC arginase activity in antiretroviral therapy naïve patients but not…

MaleAnti-HIV AgentsT cellT cellsCD4 cell countL-arginineHIV InfectionsArgininePeripheral blood mononuclear cellSeverity of Illness Index03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineImmune systemImmunopathologymedicineHumansImmune response030304 developmental biology0303 health sciencesbiologyArginasebusiness.industryPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthHIVGeneral MedicineViral Loadbiology.organism_classification3. Good healthCD4 Lymphocyte CountArginaseInfectious Diseasesmedicine.anatomical_structureSociety Meeting PaperLentivirusImmunologyHIV-1Leukocytes MononuclearParasitologyFemaleViral diseasebusinessViral load030217 neurology & neurosurgeryTransactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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Arginase activity in the blood of patients with visceral leishmaniasis and HIV infection.

2013

Background Visceral leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease associated with high mortality. The most important foci of visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia are in the Northwest and are predominantly associated with high rates of HIV co-infection. Co-infection of visceral leishmaniasis patients with HIV results in higher mortality, treatment failure and relapse. We have previously shown that arginase, an enzyme associated with immunosuppression, was increased in patients with visceral leishmaniasis and in HIV seropositive patients; further our results showed that high arginase activity is a marker of disease severity. Here, we tested the hypothesis that increased arginase activities associated wi…

MaleViral Diseasesmedicine.medical_treatmentEnzyme MetabolismHIV InfectionsParasite loadBiochemistrySeverity of Illness Index0302 clinical medicineBlood plasmaSUPPRESSOR-CELLSMACROPHAGESPLASMA AMINO-ACIDS0303 health sciencesCoinfectionPARASITOLOGYlcsh:Public aspects of medicineImmunosuppression11 Medical And Health SciencesIMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-13. Good healthEnzymesSEROPOSITIVE PATIENTSArginaseInfectious DiseasesCoinfectionMedicineLeishmaniasis VisceralBiological MarkersLife Sciences & BiomedicineResearch ArticleNeglected Tropical DiseasesAdultlcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicineAdolescentlcsh:RC955-962030231 tropical medicineINHIBITIONPeripheral blood mononuclear cellMECHANISMS03 medical and health sciencesYoung AdultDONOVANITropical MedicinemedicineParasitic DiseasesACTIVATED GRANULOCYTESHumansAdolescent; Adult; Arginase/blood; Biological Markers/blood; Coinfection/diagnosis; Coinfection/pathology; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; HIV Infections/complications; HIV Infections/diagnosis; Humans; Leishmaniasis Visceral/complications; Leishmaniasis Visceral/diagnosis; Male; Severity of Illness Index; Young AdultBiology030304 developmental biologyScience & TechnologyArginasebusiness.industryPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthLeishmaniasislcsh:RA1-127006 Biological Sciencesmedicine.diseaseVisceral leishmaniasisCross-Sectional StudiesImmunologyEthiopiabusinessBiomarkersRESPONSES
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Phenotypic Alteration of Neutrophils in the Blood of HIV Seropositive Patients

2013

We have recently identified a novel population of activated low-density granulocytes (LDGs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV seropositive patients. LDGs have a similar morphology to normal density granulocytes (NDGs), but are phenotypically different. Here we measured the expression levels of different phenotypic markers of granulocytes in the blood of HIV seropositive patients at different stages of HIV infection to determine whether the phenotype of NDGs and LDGs are affected by disease severity. Our results reveal that the phenotype of NDGs, but not that of LDGs, varies according to the severity of the disease.

AdultCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesMaleNeutrophilsHiv seropositivePopulationlcsh:MedicineHIV InfectionsDiseaseCD13 AntigensBiologyPeripheral blood mononuclear cellFlow cytometryYoung Adult03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicinemedicineHumansYoung adultlcsh:ScienceeducationSpecific Gravity030304 developmental biology0303 health scienceseducation.field_of_studyMultidisciplinaryArginasemedicine.diagnostic_testlcsh:RMiddle AgedViral LoadVirologyPhenotypeCD4 Lymphocyte Count3. Good healthPhenotypeImmunologyHIV-1lcsh:QFemaleViral loadBiomarkersResearch Article030215 immunologyPLoS ONE
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