0000000000060188
AUTHOR
Germain Poizat
Performance analysis in sport: Contributions from a joint analysis of athletes’ experience and biomechanical indicators
The purpose of this study was to test the usefulness of combining two types of analysis to investigate sports performance with the aim of optimizing it. These two types of analysis correspond to two levels of athletes’ activity: (a) their experiences during performance and (b) the biomechanical characteristics of their movements. Rowing served as an illustration, and the activity of one female crew member was studied during a race. Three types of data were collected: (a) audiovisual data recorded during the race; (b) verbalization data obtained in interviews conducted afterward; and (c) biomechanical data. The courses of experience of the two rowers during the race were reconstructed on the…
Description of dynamic shared knowledge: an exploratory study during a competitive team sports interaction.
This exploratory case study describes the sharedness of knowledge within a basketball team (nine players) and how it changes during an official match. To determine how knowledge is mobilised in an actual game situation, the data were collected and processed following course-of-action theory (Theureau 2003). The results were used to characterise the contents of the shared knowledge (i.e. regarding teammate characteristics, team functioning, opponent characteristics, opposing team functioning and game conditions) and to identify the characteristic types of change: (a) the reinforcement of a previous element of shared knowledge; (b) the invalidation of an element of shared knowledge; (c) fragm…
Cognition collective : Partage de préoccupations entre les joueurs d'une équipe de basketball au cours d'un match
Resume Notre etude s’est attachee a analyser la construction de l’activite collective en s’interessant au partage des preoccupations entre les partenaires d’une equipe lors d’un match de basket-ball. Elle a ete menee en reference au cadre theorique et methodologique du cours d’action (Theureau, 2006). Elle a caracterise la nature des preoccupations individuelles des joueurs et les formes d’agencement de ces preoccupations au sein de l’equipe au cours du temps. Les resultats ont mis en evidence deux dynamiques d’apparition des moments de convergence des preoccupations en relation avec la nature de ce qui est partage par les joueurs. Sont discutees la relation entre preoccupations partagees e…
Analysis of elite swimmers' activity during an instrumented protocol
The aim of this study was to examine swimmers' activity-technical device coupling during an experimental protocol (MADsystem). The study was conducted within a course-of-action theoretical and methodological framework. Two types of data were collected: (a) video recordings and (b) verbalizations during post-protocol interviews. The data were processed in two steps: (a) reconstruction of each swimmer's course of action and (b) comparison of the courses of action. Analysis from the actors' point of view allowed a description of swimmer-technical device coupling. The results showed that the technical device modified the athletes' range of perceptions and repertoire of actions. They also indica…
Temporal Aspects of Team Cognition: A Case Study on Concerns Sharing Within Basketball
This case study investigated team cognition in basketball. The focus was on how concerns in a real match situation were shared among teammates and how the sharedness evolved. The activity of five basketball players (M age = 17.60, SD = 0.89) was studied. The data were collected and processed according to a procedure defined for course-of-action analysis (Theureau, 2003). The results indicated that the instances when all the teammates shared the same typical concern were relatively rare, but temporal analysis revealed two kinds of convergence phenomena (simultaneous and progressive). In conclusion, shared understanding emerged within this team as essentially “local sharing of understanding.”
Analysis of contextual information sharing during table tennis matches: An empirical study on coordination in sports
Abstract This study examined contextual information sharing between table tennis players during competitive interaction (two opponents during singles) and cooperative interaction (two partners during doubles) in a study based on the notion of shared context (Salembier & Zouinar, 2000) and conducted within the semiological framework of the course‐of‐action (Theureau, 2003). Matches were videotaped and players’ verbalizations as they viewed the tapes were collected a posteriori. The analysis and comparison of their courses of action served to characterize the nature and content of the contextual information that was shared between the players during singles and doubles matches. The results re…
A Grounded Theory of Elite Male Table Tennis Players’ Activity during Matches
International audience; This article describes the main features of a collaborative project involving researchers, coaches, and elite table tennis players. The project was carried out between 1997 and 2002 with funding from the French Ministry of Youth and Sports, in response to a request by French Table Tennis Team coaches to improve the training of table tennis players. Matches were videotaped during international meets and followed by interviews during which the players described and commented on their activity as they viewed the tapes. A grounded theory of players' activity emerged from the data collected and the ensuing theoretical issues that were raised. The findings on table tennis …
Activity-Centered Design: An Appropriation Issue
When designing workplace computer systems one must take human activity into account. It has become standard practice to approach this issue through user-centered design. The aim of this paper is to stimulate thought on activity-centered design and to propose the concept of appropriation as a fundamental principle of this design approach. This orientation aims to take into consideration the constituent function of tools during conception. We will take the design of computer systems dedicated to customer relations as an example.
Team Coordination in Basketball: Description of the Cognitive Connections Among Teammates
International audience; This study investigated team coordination in basketball using the course-of-action theoretical framework. The focus was on how the players were connected with their teammates' activities. The activity of five French basketball players (17.60 ± .89 years) was studied during an official match. The data were collected and processed according to a procedure defined for course-of-action analysis. The results were used to characterize the coordination modes among players and the team coordination network that was built. The processes that underlie team coordination are discussed (i.e., mutuality and awareness), and some directions for practical applications are addressed.
Analyse de l’activité de glaciéristes débutants utilisant différents piolets : une étude exploratoire
International audience; Cette communication présente l’étude de l’activité d’une glaciériste débutante utilisant trois types de piolets différents pour réaliser une ascension en conditions réelles. Ce travail poursuit une double visée épistémique et transformative : (a) produire des connaissances sur le rôle de médiation joué par les piolets dans l’activité des glaciéristes débutants, et (b) identifier des pistes pour la conception de ces piolets. Cette recherche est financée par le Conseil Régional de Bourgogne et parrainée par l’entreprise PETZL.
Understanding team coordination in doubles table tennis: Joint analysis of first- and third-person data
Abstract Objectives This study sought to determine whether combining first- and third-person methodologies would provide insight into team coordination. Design and methods We studied the activity of a table tennis doubles team during an official match. We collected and processed the verbal data according to a procedure defined for course-of-experience analysis, but we also included a video-based field study of the partners' interactions during the breaks between points. We then conducted a joint analysis of the two players' lived experience and behaviors during these short breaks. Results The results showed both the difficulties and the empirical richness of this approach. For example, the …
Analyse du partage d'informations contextuelles dans deux formes d'interaction sportives : coopérative et concurrentielle
RESUME Plusieurs etudes ont souligne l’importance du partage d’informations contextuelles lors de tâches cooperatives. S’inspirant de la notion de contexte partage, notre etude visait a preciser le partage d’informations contextuelles dans deux formes d’interaction en tennis de table : une cooperative et une concurrentielle. Afin de reconstruire le partage d’informations contextuelles du point de vue des acteurs, cette etude a ete menee en reference au cadre theorique et methodologique du cours d’action (Theureau, 1992). Elle a permis : a) d’identifier trois formes typiques de partage des informations contextuelles ; et b) de preciser les processus regulant le partage de ces informations et…
Evaluation of the Measuring Active Drag system usability: An important step for its integration into training sessions
This paper is the first stage of an iterative process aiming at the (re)design of a training device for swimming. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usability of the Measuring Active Drag (MAD) system, a technical device for biomechanical evaluation and performance analysis. To do so, this study examines real activity of elite swimmers using this system. It was conducted within an activity-centred approach: the course-of-action technological research programme. Three international male swimmers volunteered to participate in the study. Two types of data were collected: (a) video recordings, and (b) verbalisations during post-protocol interviews. The data were processed in two step…
Analyse des interactions entre des nageurs de haut niveau et un instrument de mesure subaquatique
International audience; L’objectif est d’analyser, du point de vue des acteurs, les interactions entre des nageurs de haut niveau et un instrument d’évaluation : le Mad-System. Ce dispositif a été développé pour mesurer les résistances à l’avancement (Hollander, de Groot, van Ingen Schenau, Toussaint, de Best, & Peeters, 1986). L’étude vise à décrire le couplage entre les nageurs et ce dispositif technique (Mad-System) lors d’un protocole de recherche. Il s’agit d’analyser (a) l’activité réelle des acteurs lors de l’utilisation du Mad-system, et (b) la qualité de l’interaction entre les nageurs et le Mad-System. Les résultats de cette analyse servent ensuite de base à une réflexion sur la c…