0000000000073488

AUTHOR

Jessica Nowak

Klar – klärer – am klärsten? Umlaut comparison as a doubtful case in contemporary German

Abstract The present paper addresses doubtful cases concerning the use of umlaut in the adjectival comparison of contemporary German: bang ‘anxious’ - banger/bänger - am bangsten/ bängsten. It aims to shed light on the concrete distribution of this variation, i.e. the preference for one of the variants. Corpus-based analyses will show that the adjectives under discussion are not equally affected by umlaut variation: some are (surprisingly) stable (e.g., gesund ‘healthy’), whereas many others have a clear preference (i.e. > 70%) for non-umlauting forms (e.g., blass ‘pale’, nass ‘wet’). Interestingly, a few of the supposedly stable cases appear to have at least some non-umlauting forms (e.…

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Ablaut pattern extension as partial regularization strategy in German and Luxembourgish

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Diachronic development of gender in city names in Spanish

AbstractThis paper examines the gender assignment rules that apply to city names in the history of Spanish, relying for the first time on extensive corpus-based material. The empirical data show that gender assignment changed from a referential principle that consistently assigned city names to the feminine (due to the feminine basic level noun for ‘city’) to a phonologically driven assignment rule, with city names ending in-agenerally being assigned to the feminine (e.g.Barcelona) and those ending in-oor-C to the masculine (e.g.Toledo,Madrid). However, the overall picture is much more complicated than previously suggested in the literature since there is still a high degree of gender varia…

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Satzinterne Großschreibung diachron-kontrastiv

Abstract Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht erstmals die Diachronie der satzinternen Großschreibung im Sprachvergleich: Hierzu werden exemplarisch englische und niederländische Bibeldrucke zwischen 1500 und 1750 analysiert und die Ergebnisse mit der Entwicklung im Deutschen kontrastiert. Trotz gemeinsamer Entwicklungslinien überwiegen insgesamt die Unterschiede im Ausprägungsgrad des Majuskelgebrauchs: Während englische Bibeldrucke im gesamten Untersuchungszeitraum kaum über eine pragmatisch motivierte Majuskelschreibung hinausgehen, weist das Niederländische zumindest eine temporäre, v. a. vom Konkretheitsgrad der bezeichneten Entitäten abhängige Großschreibungstendenz auf, die jedoch in A…

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Strong-Verb Paradigm Leveling in Four Germanic Languages: A Category Frequency Approach

We investigated strong-verb paradigm leveling in German, Dutch, English, and Swedish, and found significant differences in ablaut leveling and class change towards the weak conjugation. Swedish favors ablaut patterns retaining a difference between the preterite and the past participle, while German, Dutch, and English favor a common vowel for both forms. In change from the strong to the weak conjugation in Swedish, the preterite is more resistant than the past participle, while in the other languages it is the reverse. We provide a unified explanation for these facts based on differences in category frequency due to the prominence or lack of an aspectual distinction between preterite and pe…

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Entwicklung der satzinternen Großschreibung kontrastiv

Abstract Während die Entwicklung der satzinternen Großschreibung von Nomina und Nominalisierungen fürs Deutsche gut untersucht ist, stellt sie für viele andere Sprachen, in denen ebenfalls eine (wenn auch kurzlebige) Tendenz zur satzinternen Großschreibung festzustellen ist, ein Forschungsdesiderat dar. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir methodische Überlegungen zur kontrastiven Untersuchung der Entwicklung der satzinternen Großschreibung im Deutschen, Englischen und Niederländischen vor und diskutieren die Ergebnisse erster Pilotstudien. Neben übergreifenden Tendenzen zeigen sich auch deutliche Unterschiede, aus denen sich die Notwendigkeit zu einer differenzierten Betrachtung der einzelsprachl…

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Ablaut reorganisation

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On the Emergence of an Eighth Ablaut Class in German and Dutch

This article examines a remarkable case of analogy in the verbal systems of German and Dutch which to date has hardly received any attention. In both languages, the ablaut pattern that originally stems from the second Germanic ablaut class (“oPRETERITE=oPAST PARTICIPLE”) spread to other strong verbs by analogy, as in Germanheben–hob–gehobenor Dutchbinden–bond–gebonden. It is argued that the low token frequency of these verbs triggered this analogy. As in both cases a new type of ablaut class arises through the convergence of several strong verbs, I refer to it as the eighth ablaut class.*

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