0000000000086014
AUTHOR
Ester Marco-noales
The lipopolysaccharide O side chain of Vibrio vulnificus serogroup E is a virulence determinant for eels
Vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium capable of producing septicemic infections in eels and immunocompromised humans. Two biotypes are classically recognized, with the virulence for eels being specific to strains belonging to biotype 2, which constitutes a homogeneous lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-based O serogroup (which we have designated serogroup E). In the present study we demonstrated that the O side chain of this LPS determines the selective virulence of biotype 2 for eels: (i) biotype 1 strains (which do not belong to serogroup E) are destroyed by the bactericidal action of nonimmune eel serum (NIS) through activation of the alternative pathway of complement, (ii) biotype 2 str…
Survival of Erwinia amylovora in rain water at low temperatures
E.G. Biosca , R.D. Santander, M. Ordax, E. Marco-Noales, B. Aguila, A. Flores and M.M. Lopez 1 Universidad de Valencia, Departamento de Microbiologia y Ecologia, Avenida Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. 2 Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Proteccion Vegetal y Biotecnologia, Carretera Moncada – Naquera, km 4.5, 46113, Moncada,Valencia, Spain. 3 Universidad de Valencia, Servicio Central de Soporte a la Investigacion Experimental, Avenida Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
Survival of Erwinia amylovora in mature apple fruit calyces through the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state
Aims: Survival of Erwinia amylovora, causal agent of fire blight in pome fruits and other rosaceous plants, was monitored inside mature apples calyces under some storage conditions utilized in fruit. Methods and Results: Apple fruit calyces inoculated with two E. amylovora strains and their respective GFP-marked strains were maintained at 26° and 5°C, and the effect of copper treatment was assayed at 0·01 and 0·1 mmol l−1 CuSO4. In nontreated apples at 26°C, part of the population of E. amylovora survived in the ‘viable but nonculturable’ (VBNC) state, whereas at 5°C the majority of the population retained culturability. In copper-treated apples, the whole population adopted the VBNC stat…
Effect of low temperature on starvation-survival of the eel pathogen Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2
At present, no reports exist on the isolation of the eel pathogen Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 from water samples. Nevertheless, it has recently been demonstrated that this biotype can use water as a route of infection. In the present study, the survival of this pathogen in artificial seawater (ASW) microcosms at different temperatures (25 and 5 degrees C) was investigated during a 50-day period, with biotype 1 as a control, V. vulnificus biotype 2 was able to survive in the culturable state in ASW at 25 degrees C in the free-living form, at least for 50 days, entering into the nonculturable state when exposed to low temperature. In this state, this microorganism survived with reduced rates …
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2: development and field studies.
Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 is a primary eel pathogen which constitutes a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-based homogeneous O serogroup within the species. In the present work, we have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the specificity of LPS for the detection of this pathogen. The ELISA specificity was confirmed after testing 36 biotype 2 strains from laboratory cultures and environmental samples, 31 clinical and environmental biotype 1 isolates, and several strains of Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Yersinia species, including the fish pathogens V. anguillarum, V. furnissii, A. hydrophila, and Y. ruckerii. The detection limits for biotype 2 cells were around 10(4) to 10(5) ce…
An indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique for detection and enumeration of Vibrio vulnificus serovar E (biotype 2): delevopment and applications
The applications of an indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT), developed to detect and enumerate the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio vulnificus serovar E from water and clinical samples, are described. This technique proved accurate for detecting V. vulnificus, even under starvation conditions and in the non-culturable state, and could differentiate this species from other bacteria which share the same habitats. The IFAT was successfully used to diagnose vibriosis from naturally- and artificially-infected eels. The overall data suggest that applying this technique properly in environmental and epidemiological/epizootiological studies could significantly increase our knowledge of this ba…