0000000000110668
AUTHOR
Ville Isola
Fitnessurheilijoiden kehonkoostumus, lihaskoko ja hormonitasapaino kilpailudieetillä ja palautumisjaksolla
Ville Isola, 2017. Fitnessurheilijoiden kehonkoostumus, lihaskoko ja hormonitasapaino kilpailudieetillä ja palautumisjaksolla. Liikuntabiologia, liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta, Jyväskylän yliopisto. Valmennus- ja testausoppi, pro gradu-tutkielma 95s. 2 liitettä. Fitness-lajit ovat kasvattaneet suosiotaan viime vuosina räjähdysmäisesti. Aiheen suuresta kiinnostuksesta huolimatta tieteellistä tutkimusta fitnessurheilijan kilpailudieetistä tai sen palautumisjaksosta ei ole juurikaan saatavilla, lukuun ottamatta muutamia tapaustutkimuksia. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää muuttuvatko fitnessurheilijoiden kehonkoostumus ja lihaskoko, lihasten voimantuotto sekä hormonitasapaino kilp…
Substantial Fat Loss in Physique Competitors Is Characterized by Increased Levels of Bile Acids, Very-Long Chain Fatty Acids, and Oxylipins.
Funder: Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research
Mitochondrial bioenergetic pathways in blood leukocyte transcriptome decrease after intensive weight loss but are rescued following weight regain in female physique athletes
Prolonged periods of energy deficit leading to weight loss induce metabolic adaptations resulting in reduced energy expenditure, but the mechanisms for energy conservation are incompletely understood. We examined 42 healthy athletic females (age 27.5 +/- 4.0 years, body mass index 23.4 +/- 1.7 kg/m(2)) who volunteered into either a group dieting for physique competition (n = 25) or a control group (n = 17). The diet group substantially reduced their energy intake and moderately increased exercise levels to induce loss of fat mass that was regained during a voluntary weight regain period. The control group maintained their typical lifestyle habits and body mass as instructed. From the diet g…
Weight loss induces changes in adaptive thermogenesis in female and male physique athletes
Physique athletes lose substantial weight preparing for competitions, potentially altering systemic metabolism. We investigated sex differences in body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), and appetite-regulating and thyroid hormone changes during a competition preparation among drug-free physique athletes. The participants were female (10 competing (COMP) and 10 nondieting controls (CTRL)) and male (13 COMP and 10 CTRL) physique athletes. COMP were tested before they started their diet 23 weeks before competing (PRE), during their diet one week before competing (MID), and 23 weeks after competing (POST), whereas CTRL were tested at similar intervals but did not diet. Measurement…
Fitnessurheilun lajianalyysi ja valmennuksen ohjelmointi
Johdanto. Suomessa fitnessurheilu on suosittua, sillä harrastaja- sekä kilpailijamäärät ovat lisääntyneet vuosittain. Tämän lajianalyysin tarkoituksena on tarkastella fitnesslajien valmennukseen liittyviä fysiologisia ilmiöitä ja tarjota liikuntatieteeseen perustuvaa tietoa fitnessurheilun valmennuksesta ja sen suunnittelusta sekä toteutuksesta. Lajianalyysi. Fitnessurheilijan harjoitteluun vaikuttavat monet fysiologiset tekijät. Fitnessurheilu ei ole suorituskykylaji, vaan urheilijan ulkoista olemusta arvostellaan lajikriteerien mukaisesti lajinomaisten poseerausten perusteella. Fitnessurheilija edustaa esteettistä, lihaksikasta, urheilullista, tasapainoista lajikriteerien mukaista vartalo…
Dietary Intake, Serum Hormone Concentrations, Amenorrhea and Bone Mineral Density of Physique Athletes and Active Gym Enthusiasts
As the diet, hormones, amenorrhea, and bone mineral density (BMD) of physique athletes (PA) and gym enthusiasts (GE) are little-explored, we studied those in 69 females (50 PA, 19 GE) and 20 males (11 PA, 9 GE). Energy availability (EA, kcal·kgFFM−1·d−1 in DXA) in female and male PA was ~41.3 and ~37.2, and in GE ~39.4 and ~35.3, respectively. Low EA (LEA) was found in 10% and 26% of female PA and GE, respectively, and in 11% of male GE. In PA, daily protein intake (g/kg body mass) was ~2.9–3.0, whereas carbohydrate and fat intakes were ~3.6–4.3 and ~0.8–1.0, respectively. PA had higher protein and carbohydrate and lower fat intakes than GE (p <…
The Effects of Intensive Weight Reduction on Body Composition and Serum Hormones in Female Fitness Competitors.
Worries about the potential negative consequences of popular fat loss regimens for aesthetic purposes in normal weight females have been surfacing in the media. However, longitudinal studies investigating these kinds of diets are lacking. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a 4-month fat-loss diet in normal weight females competing in fitness-sport. In total 50 participants finished the study with 27 females (27.2 +/- 4.1 years) dieting for a competition and 23 (27.7 +/- 3.7 years) acting as weight-stable controls. The energy deficit of the diet group was achieved by reducing carbohydrate intake and increasing aerobic exercise while maintaining a high level of…
Molecular Pathways Mediating Immunosuppression in Response to Prolonged Intensive Physical Training, Low-Energy Availability, and Intensive Weight Loss
Exercise and exercise-induced weight loss have a beneficial effect on overall health, including positive effects on molecular pathways associated with immune function, especially in overweight individuals. The main aim of our study was to assess how energy deprivation (i.e., "semi-starvation") leading to substantial fat mass loss affects the immune system and immunosuppression in previously normal weight individuals. Thus, to address this hypothesis, we applied a high-throughput systems biology approach to better characterize potential key pathways associated with immune system modulation during intensive weight loss and subsequent weight regain. We examined 42 healthy female physique athle…
Substantial fat mass loss reduces low-grade inflammation and induces positive alteration in cardiometabolic factors in normal-weight individuals
AbstractThe accumulation of fat, especially in visceral sites, is a significant risk factor for several chronic diseases with altered cardiometabolic homeostasis. We studied how intensive long-term weight loss and subsequent weight regain affect physiological changes, by longitudinally interrogating the lipid metabolism and white blood cell transcriptomic markers in healthy, normal-weight individuals. The current study examined 42 healthy, young (age: 27.5 ± 4.0 years), normal-weight (body mass index, BMI: 23.4 ± 1.7 kg/m2) female athletes, of which 25 belong to the weight loss and regain group (diet group), and 17 to the control group. Participants were evaluated, and fasting blood samples…