Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean dia…

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia…

Response to Nondipping in Patients With Hypertension

We thank Ben-Dov and Bursztyn for their interest in our article1 and also for their positive feedback and criticism.2 We would like to try to answer directly to the 3 points raised in their letter. First, is siesta influencing the nocturnal BP dip? In the Spanish ambulatory blood pressure monitoring registry, the daytime period was calculated from the time of wake-up in the morning to the time of going to bed in the evening. However, in our opinion, 2 aspects minimize a possible …

Author response: Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

Response to Timing of Antihypertensive Therapy and Circadian Blood Pressure Pattern

We thank Almirall et al1 for their interest in our article.2 In the present answer to their letter, we provide data from the Spanish Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Registry regarding clinical differences among patients depending on the time that they received their medication (Table). As shown, several differences were evident among groups, with respect to age, duration of hypertension, prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and history of …

Spanish Society of Hypertension position statement on the 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guidelines

The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) have recently published their guidelines for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of hypertension in adults. The most controversial issue is the classification threshold at 130/80 mmHg, which will allow a large number of patients to be diagnosed as hypertensive who were previously considered normotensive. Blood pressure (BP) is considered normal (<120 mmHg systolic and <80 mmHg diastolic), elevated (120-129 and <80 mmHg), stage 1 (130-139 or 80-89 mmHg), and stage 2 (≥140 or ≥90 mmHg). Out-of-office BP measurements are recommended to confirm the diagnosis of hypertension and for titra…

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

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Olive oil consumption is associated with lower frailty risk: a prospective cohort study of community-dwelling older adults

Abstract Background There is no evidence on the specific beneficial association of the main types of olive oil consumption with frailty. Objective The aim was to assess the relationship between olive oil consumption and incident frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Design Prospective cohort. Setting Participants were recruited in 2008–10 and follow-up through 2013. Subjects In total, 1,896 older adults aged 60+. Methods At baseline, olive oil and other food consumption was collected using a validated dietary history. Incident frailty was defined as having at least three of the following five Fried-based criteria: low physical activity, fatigue, slow walking, muscle weakness and unint…

Recomendaciones preventivas cardiovasculares. Actualización PAPPS 2020

The recommendations of the semFYC's Program for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (PAPPS) for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are presented. The following sections are included: Epidemiological review, where the current morbidity and mortality of CVD in Spain and its evolution as well as the main risk factors are described; Cardiovascular (CV) risk tables and recommendations for the calculation of CV risk; Main risk factors such as arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus, describing the method for their diagnosis, therapeutic objectives and recommendations for lifestyle measures and pharmacological treatment; Indications for antiplatelet therapy, a…

Mortalidad atribuible al consumo de tabaco en España en 2006

Resumen Fundamento y objetivo Estimar la mortalidad atribuible al consumo de tabaco en Espana en 2006, y compararla con las estimaciones de anos anteriores. Poblacion y metodo A partir de la prevalencia de tabaquismo y la mortalidad correspondientes a Espana, y los riesgos relativos de muerte por enfermedades causadas por el tabaquismo, procedentes del Cancer Prevention Study II, se ha calculado la mortalidad atribuible al tabaquismo en los individuos de edad ≥ 35 anos. Resultados En el ano 2006 se produjeron 53.155 muertes atribuibles al tabaquismo en individuos ≥ 35 anos, lo que supone el 14,7% (25,1% en varones y 3,4% en mujeres) de todas las muertes ocurridas en los mismos. El 88,7% (47…