Pharmacological Suppression of CNS Scarring by Deferoxamine Reduces Lesion Volume and Increases Regeneration in an In Vitro Model for Astroglial-Fibrotic Scarring and in Rat Spinal Cord Injury In Vivo.

Lesion-induced scarring is a major impediment for regeneration of injured axons in the central nervous system (CNS). The collagen-rich glial-fibrous scar contains numerous axon growth inhibitory factors forming a regeneration-barrier for axons. We demonstrated previously that the combination of the iron chelator 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-decarboxylic acid (BPY-DCA) and 8-Br-cyclic AMP (cAMP) inhibits scar formation and collagen deposition, leading to enhanced axon regeneration and partial functional recovery after spinal cord injury. While BPY-DCA is not a clinical drug, the clinically approved iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) may be a suitable alternative for anti-scarring treatment (A…

Conversion of the Ca2+-ATPase from Rhodospirillum rubrum into a Mg2+-dependent enzyme by 1,N6-etheno ATP

Nucleoside triphosphate hydrolysis of R.rubrum ATPase complexes can be changed from Ca2+-dependence to Mg2+-dependence by replacing ATP with 1,N6-etheno ATP. Four ATPase complexes which have been prepared by different procedures hydrolyze ATP and 1,N6-etheno ATP at different rates in dependence on the added metal ions. These differences allow an easy distinction of the various enzyme forms.

Purification, subunit structure, and kinetics of the chloroform-released F1ATPase complex from Rhodospirillum rubrum and its comparison with F1ATPase forms isolated by other methods.

Abstract A stable and homogeneous adenosine-5ʹ-triphosphatase (ATPase, EC 3.6.1.3) has been solubilized from Rhodospirillum rubrum (R . rubrum) chromatophores by chloroform extraction. Purification of the Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity was 200-fold. Ca2+ can be replaced by Mg2+, Cd2+, and Mn2+ .The Km for Ca-ATP (0.17 mᴍ) is increased about 5-fold during solubilization of the enzyme, whereas the Km values for Mg-ATP (0.029 mᴍ) and Cd-ATP (0.014 mᴍ) are not affected. The chloroform-released ATPase has a molecular weight of 400,000 ± 30,000 and consists of the following subunits (molecular weights in parenthesis): α (58,000), β (53,500), γ (39,000), δ (18,500), and ε (14,000). The amino acid …

Solubilization of an oligomycin-sensitive ATPase complex fromRhodospirillum rubrumchromatophores and its inhibition by various antibiotics

Cortical gene expression in spinal cord injury and repair: insight into the functional complexity of the neural regeneration program

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in the formation of a fibrous scar acting as a growth barrier for regenerating axons at the lesion site. We have previously shown (Klapka et al., 2005) that transient suppression of the inhibitory lesion scar in rat spinal cord leads to long distance axon regeneration, retrograde rescue of axotomized cortical motoneurons, and improvement of locomotor function. Here we applied a systemic approach to investigate for the first time specific and dynamic alterations in the cortical gene expression profile following both thoracic SCI and regeneration-promoting anti-scarring treatment (AST). In order to monitor cortical gene expression we carried out micr…