Géoarchéologie alluviale du site antique de Molesme en plaine alluviale de Laigne (Bourgogne). Réunion des Sciences de la Terre (RST), Dijon.

International audience

History and environmental impact of mining activity in Celtic Aeduan territory recorded in a peat-bog (Morvan – France)

International audience; The present study aims to document early mining and smelting activities by means of geochemical and pollen analyses performed in a peat-bog core collected around the Bibracte oppidum (Morvan, France), the largest settlement of the great Aeduan Celtic tribe (ca 180 BC -25 AD). The anthropogenic Pb profile indicates local mining operations starting from the Late Bronze Age, ca cal. 1400-1300 BC. Lead inputs peaked at the height of Aeduan civilization, and then decreased after the Roman conquest of Gaul, when the site was abandoned. Other phases of mining are recognised from the 11th century to Modern Times. They have all led to modifications in plant cover, probably re…

Inverse modeling of past lead atmospheric deposition in South Greenland

The aim of this study is to model atmospheric lead fluxes in two different paleoenvironmental records located in southern Greenland. Fifty five sediment samples collected from the Lake Igaliku sedimentary sequence were analyzed for lead and aluminum concentrations, and lead isotopic compositions. The second archive consists in a previously published dataset, obtained from a minerogenic peat deposit, located at Tasiusaq, 16 km northwest from Lake Igaliku. A flux model fitted to both dataset produces similar results, allowing past anthropogenic atmospheric deposition to be reconstructed. This original method can be easily adapted for other studies where natural inputs dominate over discrete a…

Les sites ecclésiaux et monastiques de l’archipel du Kvarner (Croatie) : campagne 2016

La campagne 2016 du programme de recherche sur les sites ecclesiaux et monastiques de l’archipel du Kvarner a essentiellement porte sur la fouille du petit complexe antique et medieval septentrional du site de Mirine-Fulfinum – secteur dit de « l’eglise a trois absides » – (ile de Krk), du 11 au 23 avril 2016, et sur la poursuite de la fouille de la grande eglise paleochretienne du complexe de Martinscica (ile de Cres) du 27 juin au 14 juillet (fig. 1). Fig. 1 – Carte de l’archipel du Kvarner...

Les formations carbonatées de Dortan (Ain) : premières observations

International audience

Arable-weed flora and its pollen representation: A case study from the eastern part of France

International audience; Local pollen deposition in human-influenced vegetation types is studied with the aim of establishing the relationship between arable-weed vegetation and its pollen representation as an aid in interpreting human presence and impact on vegetation from pollen assemblages. The study area is located in the Franche-Comté region, eastern part of France. The presence of plants within 100 m2 plots and their pollen representation in moss samples within the same plots was recorded from different crops and annual fallows. Patterns in the vegetation and pollen assemblages were investigated separately using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). Procrustean co-inertia analysis (PCI…

Fluctuations climatiques et réponses environnementales : l'exemple du bassin de Chaillexon (Doubs, France)

International audience

Approche géoarchéologique de la vallée de la Laigne

The conclusions from the research project in the Laigne Valley show the relevance of the geoarchaeological approach conducted on two scales of investigation. The first, over the entire alluvial plain, allows general data to be collected which characterise the specific functions of each catchment basin during the Holocene period : determination of sedimentary sequences, evolution of specific functions of each catchment basin during the Holocene period : determination of sedimentary sequences, evolution of vegetation and phases of human occupation. The second is a geoarchaeological approach on the scale of a test site: it demonstrates and dates as precisely as possible, interactions between n…

Impact of Holocene climate variability on lacustrine records and human settlements in South Greenland

Due to its sensitivity to climate changes, south Greenland is a particularly suitable area to study past global climate changes and their influence on locale Human settlements. A paleohydrological investigation was therefore carried out on two river-fed lakes: Lake Qallimiut and Little Kangerluluup, both located close to the Labrador Sea in the historic farming center of Greenland. Two sediment cores (QAL-2011 and LKG-2011), spanning the last four millennia, were retrieved and showed similar thin laminae, described by high magnetic susceptibility and density, high titanium and TOC / TN atomic ratio, and coarse grain size. They are also characterized either by inverse grading followed by nor…

Les installations littorales de l'Âge du Bronze dans les lacs alpins français. Etat des connaissances

National audience

First anthracological results from Rhine's plain and comparison with other palaeo-environmental data

International audience

Variations in sediment yield from the Upper Doubs River carbonate watershed (Jura, France) since the Late Glacial Period

International audience

Introduction

Review Article: Outside the Hillfort Ramparts in Iron Age France

International audience

L’évolution du paysage des plaines alluviales du haut bassin versant de la Seine en Pays châtillonnais à l’âge du Fer

National audience; Depuis 15 ans, des études géoarchéologiques ont fait intervenir des spécialistes de plusieurs disciplines des sciences humaines et des sciences naturelles afin de reconstituer les environnements de la vallée de la Laigne, affluent de la Seine près du site archéologique de Molesme, Sur les Creux. Des études similaires ont été menées en vallée de seine au pied du site princier de Vix.

Un déboisement par le feu du littoral de Chalain (Jura, F) pour l’exploitation agro-pastorale à l’époque carolingienne :caractérisation géo-archéologique et paléo-environnementale d’une « anomalie » pédo-sédimentaire.

International audience

Les sites ecclésiaux et monastiques de l’archipel du Kvarner (Croatie)

La campagne 2016 du programme de recherche sur les sites ecclésiaux et monastiques de l’archipel du Kvarner a essentiellement porté sur la fouille du petit complexe antique et médiéval septentrional du site de Mirine-Fulfinum – secteur dit de « l’église à trois absides » – (île de Krk), du 11 au 23 avril 2016, et sur la poursuite de la fouille de la grande église paléochrétienne du complexe de Martinšćica (île de Cres) du 27 juin au 14 juillet (fig. 1). Fig. 1 – Carte de l’archipel du Kvarner...

Les fouilles du Mont-Beuvray : Rapport biennal 1988-1989

International audience

Sur les traces d'Erik le Rouge (film et conférence)

International audience

Les fouilles du Mont-Beuvray : Rapport biennal 1986-1987

International audience

Première datation par chronologie radiocarbone du dernier maximum glaciaire dans le Jura

International audience

An Inverse Modeling Approach to Investigate Past Lead Atmospheric Deposition in Southern Greenland

International audience

Environnements et cultures à l'âge du Bronze en Europe occidentale.

Les approches paléoenvironnementales récentes permettent de suivre précisément les phases de déprises et d'emprises agricoles, depuis le début du Néolithique jusqu'à nos jours, mais l'âge du Bronze n'avait pas jusqu'alors bénéficié des mêmes études pluridisciplinaires liant dynamique de l'environnement ancien et approche culturelle. Le Bronze moyen correspond souvent à une forte déprise agricole et une détérioration climatique encadrées par des systèmes agro-pastoraux développés et les améliorations climatiques des périodes du Bronze ancien et final. A partir de ce schéma très simple (simpliste pour certains), il est apparu intéressant d'élaborer une problématique globale touchant aux reche…

Landscape and Settlement Evolution during the Sixteenth Century: A multidisciplinary study of two mountain areas (Eastern France)

International audience

La minière de silex néolithique de Blanc-Saule à Etrelles-et-la-Montbleuse (70) et l’exploitation du silex lacustre oligocène inférieur de Haute-Saône durant le Néolithique

International audience

Mise en évidence de crues antiques sur le site gallo-romain d’Oedenburg.

International audience

Environmental impact of early palaeometallurgy: pollen and geochemical analysis

International audience

Vers l'Amérique : l'implantation médiévale scandinave de la côte sud-ouest du Groenland. Approches historiques et premiers résultats des études paléoenvironnementales

International audience; During the Viking Age (ca AD 800-1100) Scandinavian explorers settled the islands of the western North Atlantic, making the northernmost agricultural area of the medieval period. Expansion to south-west coast of Greenland at the end of the tenth century brought Norse settlers closer to the limits of their European-style agricultural systems. In response to the harsh low arctic climate, the Greenland Norse have adapted their farming strategies and changed their subsistence pattern, giving a more important place to hunting and fishing. This evolution had probably been accelerated by climatic changes of the Little Ice Age. A good knowledge of the Greenland Norse economy…

L'occupation du site et son contexte environnemental

Anthropisation des zones humides : « fenêtre » sur le cas de la basse vallée du Doubs

This study concerns a «window» of approximately 40 km², opening on to two different landscapes : the lower Doubs Valley and the Bresse plateau, both very humid zone. The interaction of man with his environment is studied from Antiquity to the Middle Ages by comparing archaeological evidence of human settlements with paleoenvironmental reconstruction of land dynamics. There is dense occupation throughout all periods, which proves the attractiveness of the area. However, local factors, both natural and anthropic, seem to have influenced spatial implantation along the river.

Quantification de l’ablation d’un bassin versant marno-calcaire alpin durant le Petit Age Glaciaire par l’étude d’un système lacustre (cas du lac du « Claps » de Luc-en-Diois Drôme, France)

Measurements of present-day erosion may give heterogeneous results according to the methods used. This article proposes an approach to erosion during the Little Ice Age by the quantitative analysis of detritical materials trapped in a dammed lake. This infill is recognized through two drillings, and these specific observations are supplemented by a seismic reflexion survey which provided a reliable estimate of the geometry of the lake infill. The sedimentary production is calculated from three pieces of data: (1) the surface of the drainage area, (2) duration of the lake system activity and (3) the volume of trapped sediments. From the three determined variables, we propose a detritical product…

The history and impacts of farming activities in south Greenland: an insight from lake deposits.

International audience; Agriculture in southern Greenland has a two-phase history: with the Norse, who first settled and farmed the region between 985ad and circa 1450ad, and with the recent reintroduction of sheep farming (1920ad to the present). The agricultural sector in Greenland is expected to grow over the next century as anticipated climate warming extends the length of the growing season and increases productivity. This article presents a synthesis of results from a well-dated 1500-year lake sediment record from Lake Igaliku, south Greenland (61°00′N, 45°26′W, 15m asl) that demonstrates the relative impacts of modern and Norse agricultural activities. Pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs…

A history of mining activity in Celtic Aeduan territory, and its environmental impact (Morvan-France)

International audience

Towards America: environmental consequences of the Viking occupation in Greenland.

A 2500 year record of natural and anthropogenic soil erosion in South Greenland

International audience; The environmental impact of the Norse landnám in Greenland has been studied extensively. But to date, no study has quantified the soil erosion that Norse agricultural practices are believed to have caused. To resolve this problem, a high resolution sedimentary record from Lake Igaliku in South Greenland is used to quantitatively reconstruct 2500 years of soil erosion driven by climate and historical land use. An accurate chronology allows for the estimation of detritic fluxes and their uncertainties. Land clearance and the introduction of grazing livestock by the Norse around 1010 AD caused an acceleration of soil erosion up to 8 mm/century in 1180 AD which is two-fo…

Variations in Sediment Yield from the Upper Doubs River Carbonate Watershed (Jura, France) since the Late-Glacial Period

AbstractThe Upper Doubs River Valley is a 910-km2watershed feeding into Lake Chaillexon. The lake was formed by a natural rockfall at the end of the Bølling Chronozone (around 14,250 cal yr B.P.) and since then has trapped material eroded from the watershed. The filling process and variations in sediment yield have been investigated by mechanical coring, seismic surveys, and electric soundings. The detrital sediment yield of the upstream watershed can be calculated by quantifying the sedimentary stocks for each climatic stage of the Late-Glacial period and Holocene Epoch and estimating the lake's entrapment capacity. This enables us to determine the intensity of the erosion processes in rel…

Historical mining and smelting in the Vosges Mountains (France) recorded in two ombrotrophic peat bogs

Two peat sequences were sampled in the vicinity of the main mining districts of the Vosges Mountains: Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines and Plancher-les-Mines. Lead isotopic compositions and excess lead fluxes were calculated for each of these radiocarbon-dated sequences. Geochemical records are in very good agreement with the mining history of the area, well known over the last millennium. Except for an anomaly corresponding to the Middle Bronze Age which has not yet been resolved, there is no clear geochemical evidence of local metal production in the Vosges before the 10th century as excess lead deposition archived between 500 BC and 500 AD is attributed to long-range transport of polluted particul…

The impact of Norse occupation in south Greenland: pollen, NPP's and sedimentological analyses from lakes and peat deposits.

Environmental responses of past and recent agropastoral activities on south Greenlandic ecosystems through molecular biomarkers

Paleoenvironmental studies previously performed on Lake Igaliku revealed two agropastoral phases in south Greenland: the Norse settlement from AD 986 to ca. AD 1450 and the recent installation of sheep farmers, since the 1920s. To improve the knowledge of the timing and magnitude of the Greenlandic agropastoral activities, a lipid inventory was realized and compared with biological and geochemical data. During the 12th century, a major increase in deoxycholic acid (DOC) and coprophilous fungal spores revealed a maximum of herbivores. Synchronously, a minimum of the n-C29/ n-C31 alkane ratio and tree and shrub pollen and a maximum of triterpenyl acetates showed a reduction in the tree and s…

Environmental consequences of the Norse occupation in south Greenland: first results of pollen and NPP's data from a peat bog (Qassiarsuk).

Pollen and non-pollen palynomorph evidence of medieval farming activities in southwestern Greenland

International audience; Radiocarbon dating, pollen and non-pollen palynomorph analyses from a lake core were used to establish the timing and effects of farming activities around Lake Igaliku, Eastern Settlement, Greenland. The absence of agro-pastoral impact before the medieval colonization by Europeans provides an opportunity to understand the development of farming activity in a pristine landscape. The results show that the first phase of clearance and grazing pressure, without the expansion of the Norse apophyte (native plant, in habitats created by humans) Rumex acetosa type, could have occurred in the 9–10th century A.D. The presence of Norse settlers and livestock is clearly recorded…

Analyses polliniques du marais de l’Abîme à Molesme (Côte-d’Or, France)

The pollen analysis of a borehole from the Laigne Valley, in Molesme (21), gives the first complete Holocene reference for the southeast of the Paris Basin. This low altitude sequence differs from those obtained in mid-mountainous regions: the pine forest is not replaced by oak and beech woods until the end of the Atlantic chronozone. Certain fluctuations which reveal changes in humidity in the alluvial plain, also shown by malacological analyses on a nearby outcrop, could be the result of more global climatic changes. The first palynological clues to anthropisation do not appear until the Iron Age, and fit perfectly with local archaeological data.

Prospections autour de Bibracte. Paléoenvironnement du Mont-Beuvray

Rapport annuel d'activité 2006 BIBRACTE Centre archéologique européen Rapport annuel d'activité 2006 Société anonyme d'économie mixte nationale

History and Environmental Impact of Mining Activity in Celtic Aeduan Territory Recorded in a Peat Bog (Morvan, France)

The present study aims to document historical mining and smelting activities by means of geochemical and pollen analyses performed in a peat bog core collected around the Bibracte oppidum (Morvan, France), the largest settlement of the great Aeduan Celtic tribe (ca. 180 B.C. to 25 A.D.). The anthropogenic Pb profile indicates local mining operations starting from the Late Bronze Age, ca. cal. 1300 B.C. Lead inputs peaked at the height of Aeduan civilization and then decreased after the Roman conquest of Gaul, when the site was abandoned. Other phases of mining are recognized from the 11th century to modern times. They have all led to modifications in plant cover, probably related in part to…

Bibracte, bibliographie et plans anciens.(Documents d'Archéologie Française, 57)

International audience

Quantification of the ablation of an Alpine Marno-Calcareous catchment during the Little Ice Age by analysis of a lacustrine system (case of the Claps Lake in Luc-en-Diois Drome France)

International audience

Les formations carbonatées du Dortan (Ain) : premières observations

Calcium carbonate, deposits have built four terraces, near Dortan, in the Southern part of Central Jura (46° lat. N). These deposits may just cover other terraces associated themselves with an ice-dammed lake. They include two types : 1) tufa deposits, porous and hard, with conspicuous tree remains ; 2) lake chalk, compact and brittle, snowing lenses and, sometimes, varves, with shells and pieces of charcoal. C 14 dating and analyses should allow to insert these deposits in the Jura Holocene chronology and to explain their situation at such a high latitude.

Introduction

Evolution de la végétation du massif du Morvan : résultats des premières analyses polliniques et mise en évidence de l'impact des activités paléométallurgiques

L'oppidum de Bibracte (Mont Beuvray, France). Bilan de 10 années de recherches (1996-2005)

International audience

Contribution to the Holocene North Atlantic wind activity reconstruction from Lake Igaliku, South Greenland

International audience

Vers l'Amérique : l'implantation médiévale scandinave de la côte sud-ouest du Groenland

During the Viking Age (ca AD 800-1100) Scandinavian explorers settled the islands of the western North Atlantic, making the northernmost agricultural area of the medieval period. Expansion to south-west coast of Greenland at the end of the tenth century brought Norse settlers closer to the limits of their European-style agricultural systems. In response to the harsh low arctic climate, the Greenland Norse have adapted their farming strategies and changed their subsistence pattern, giving a more important place to hunting and fishing. This evolution had probably been accelerated by climatic changes of the Little Ice Age. A good knowledge of the Greenland Norse economy by means of historical …

Du plomb chez les Gaulois du Morvan