0000000000170445
AUTHOR
Juha Siitonen
Perennial polypores as indicators of annual and red-listed polypores
Abstract Many polypores are specialized in their requirements for substrate and environment, and they have been suggested to indicate the continuity of coarse woody debris or naturalness of a forest stand. However, the use of polypores as indicators of conservation value is restricted by the temporally limited appearance of annual fruit bodies. We studied whether the species richness of perennial polypores (perennials) can be used to predict the species richness of annual or annual red-listed polypores (annuals). Our data included 1471 separate datasets (sample plots or larger inventoried areas) in different parts of Finland and Russian Karelia, ranging from the southern to northern boreal …
Cross-taxon congruence and relationships to stand characteristics of vascular plants, bryophytes, polyporous fungi and beetles in mature managed boreal forests
Abstract Multi-taxon analyses of ecological assemblages are needed when the effects of forestry on biodiversity are examined. Management usually simplifies the structure of forests, which results in quantitative and qualitative declines in many microhabitats and species associated with them. In Fennoscandia, most forests are managed for industrial use of wood, but relatively little is known about the relationships between structural components and biodiversity in managed forests. Abundance, composition or species number of different species groups reacting similarly to variation in their environment would be a useful tool e.g. in estimating responses of species that are more difficult to sa…
Functional structure of European forest beetle communities is enhanced by rare species
Biodiverse communities have been shown to sustain high levels of multifunctionality and thus a loss of species likely negatively impacts ecosystem functions. For most taxa, however, roles of individual species are poorly known. Rare species, often most likely to go extinct, may have unique traits and functional roles. Alternatively, rare species may be functionally redundant, such that their loss would not disrupt ecosystem functions. We quantified the functional role of rare species by using captures of wood-living (saproxylic) beetle species, combined with recent databases of morphological and ecological traits, from three regions in central and northern Europe. Using a rarity index based…
Windthrow in streamside key habitats: Effects of buffer strip width and selective logging
Abstract Streamside forests are preserved from clear-cut logging in production forests and protected with uncut buffer strips in many countries. However, buffer strips often remain narrow due to economic reasons and, therefore, provide weak protection against adverse edge effects of clear-cuts and are vulnerable to windthrow. Selective logging of buffer strips is sometimes allowed to reduce their costs, but the decreased tree density may expose the buffer to higher occurrence of windthrow. We used a replicated two-factor experiment to assess the effects of buffer width (15 m or 30 m) and selective logging (0% or 30% of the basal area removed) on the risk of windthrow in boreal streamside fo…
Woodland key habitats in northern Europe: concepts, inventory and protection
Abstract The woodland key habitat (WKH) concept has become an essential instrument in biodiversity-orientated forest management in northern Europe. The philosophy behind the concept is basically the same in all of the countries: to conserve the biodiversity of production landscapes by preserving small habitat patches that are supposed to be particularly valuable. This article reviews the definitions, inventories and implementation processes of WKHs in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania. Sweden and the Baltic countries have similar WKH models, while the models in Finland and Norway are clearly deviating. Depending on the country, the definitions emphasize different factor…
Traits mediate niches and co‐occurrences of forest beetles in ways that differ among bioclimatic regions
Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the role of traits in beetle community assembly and test for consistency in these effects among several bioclimatic regions. We asked (1) whether traits predicted species’ responses to environmental gradients (i.e. their niches), (2) whether these same traits could predict co-occurrence patterns and (3) how consistent were niches and the role of traits among study regions. Location Boreal forests in Norway and Finland, temperate forests in Germany. Taxon Wood-living (saproxylic) beetles. Methods We compiled capture records of 468 wood-living beetle species from the three regions, along with nine morphological and ecological species traits. Eight …
Short-term responses of soil macroarthropod community to clear felling and alternative forest regeneration methods
Abstract We studied the influence of clear felling and new alternative forest regeneration methods on soil macroarthropods during the first 3 years after the harvesting. We focused on changes in the abundances of functional groups, and community structure at the levels of species (Coleoptera) or higher taxa. The experiment was carried out in central Finland in spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands on 1 ha study plots. The following five treatments were used in addition to the untreated controls: (1) selection felling (70% of the stand volume retained), (2) gap felling (0.1–0.2 ha gaps felled), (3) gap felling with site preparation, (4) retention felling (small groups of trees retained on …
Formal synthesis of ent-Cephalotaxine using a one-pot Parham-aldol sequence
A short formal synthesis of ent-Cephalotaxine is achieved. The approach features a new Lewis acid mediated [2,3]-Stevens rearrangement of N-allylated prolineamide to generate a key quaternary stereogenic center. Additionally, a one-pot Parham–aldol sequence was developed to rapidly assembly two of the four rings in the cephalotaxine core. peerReviewed
Responses of polypore fungi following disturbance-emulating harvesting treatments and deadwood creation in boreal Norway spruce dominated forests
ABSTRACTThe emulation of natural disturbances in harvesting has become a widely accepted approach to reach ecologically sustainable forest management. The purpose of this study was to examine the r...
Data from: Functional structure of European forest beetle communities is enhanced by rare species
From article abstract: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109491 ABSTRACT Biodiverse communities have been shown to sustain high levels of multifunctionality and thus a loss of species likely negatively impacts ecosystem functions. For most taxa, however, the roles of individual species are poorly known. Rare species, often the most likely to go extinct, may have unique traits leading to unique functional roles. Alternatively, rare species may be functionally redundant, such that their loss would not disrupt ecosystem functions. We quantified the functional role of rare species by using capture records of wood-living (saproxylic) beetle species, combined with recent databases of their mo…
Seven years of follow-up of continuous-cover forestry: responses of saproxylic beetles
Fennoscandian forest management has since 1950s been characterized by forest regeneration through clear cutting, with subsequent top-soil preparation, seeding or planting with conifers, and removals of legacy elements important for biodiversity, such as dead wood. According to national Red Lists, this structural simplification in most Fennoscandian forests has made hundreds of species threatened. One possible way to support these species is continuous-cover forestry, where at least half of a stand is covered by mature or near-mature trees throughout the logging rotation. Such forestry might secure both economic benefits and support specialized forest species, but empirical evidence is large…
Do traits explain colonization-extinction rates of wood-decaying fungi?
In Fennoscandia, intensive forest use has led to substantial decreases in the amount and diversity of dead wood, which constitutes critical habitat for saproxylic species such as wood-decaying fungi. The transient nature of the dead wood habitat implies that metapopulation persistence of wood-decaying fungi depends on the continual colonization of newly created habitat. Dead wood dynamics in turn are strongly influenced by forest management practices. Very little is known about the dispersal ecology of most species and there are competing hypotheses about functional trait effects on dispersal and colonization rates as well as on species sensitivities to forest management. We test for the ef…