Agricultural transformations and econòmic backwardness. Andalusia, 1850-1935

La via seguida pel món agrari valencià ha conjuminat, com hem tractat de posar en relleu, aspectes de signe, en principi, contradictori si es valoren a partir de models centrats en una única dimensió dels agents socials. Aquesta polivalència es pot resseguir en la inultiplicitat de funcions econòmiques d'alguns d'aquests agents, com s'esdevé amb els rendistes. Pero també cal tenir molt en compte les formes de legitimació de la propietat agrària rendista, que fomentaven un seguit d'aspiracions peculiars entre els llauradors arrendataris. En aquest sentit, la capacitat per absorbir o incloure un conjunt reiterat de tensions sota la hegemonia d'una propietat no discutida representa un dels pro…

Residual cardiovascular risk of lipid origin. Components and pathophysiological aspects

Abstract There is no doubt about the relationship between LDL-C and cardiovascular risk, as well as about the benefits of statin treatment. Once the objective of LDL-C has been achieved, the evidences that demonstrate the persistence of a high cardiovascular risk, a concept called residual risk, are notable. The residual risk of lipid origin is based on atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterised by an increase in triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, a decrease in HDL-C and qualitative alterations in LDL particles. The most commonly used measures to identify this dyslipidemia are based on the determination of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, non-HDL cholesterol and remaining …

Triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and atherogenic dyslipidaemia in the 2019 European guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias.

In general, both European and American clinical guidelines have addressed the management of atherogenic dyslipidaemia in an unconvincing and even superficial way, largely because of the available therapeutic limitations. Consequently, this type of dyslipidaemia is underdiagnosed, under-treated, and under-controlled. Given the recent presentation of the 2019 guidelines of the European Atherosclerosis Society and the European Society of Cardiology on the management of dyslipidaemias, it seems appropriate to examine its position with respect to atherogenic dyslipidaemia and/or its main components, the increase in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and the decrease of high-density lipoprotein chol…

Atherogenic Dyslipidaemia 2019. Consensus document of the Atherogenic Dyslipidaemia Group of the Spanish Arteriosclerosis Society

Enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico, asociación con la enfermedad cardiovascular y tratamiento (II). Tratamiento de la enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico

Disease nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises a series of histologically similar to those induced by alcohol consumption in people with very little or no liver damage same. The importance of NAFLD is its high prevalence in our Western societies, from the point of view liver in its progressive evolution from steatosis to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. During the last decade it has been observed that NAFLD leads to an increased cardiovascular risk with accelerated atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. This updated January 2016 revision consists of two parts. In this second part, the treatment of NAFLD and its influe…

La auténtica dimensión del colesterol-no-HDL: colesterol aterogénico

Lowe density lipoproteins (LDL) are the causal agent of cardiovascular diseases. In practice, we identify LDL with cholesterol transported in LDL (cLDL). So, cLDL has become the major target for cardiovascular prevention. Howewer, we have progressive evidences about the role of triglycerides rich lipoproteins, particularly those very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in promotion and progression of atherosclerosis, that leads cholesterol in VLDL and its remanents as a potential therapeutic target. This feature is particularly important and of a great magnitude, in patients with hypertiglyceridemia. We can to considere, that the non-HDL cholesterol -cLDL+cVLDL+c-remmants+Lp(a)- is the real meas…

Consenso Delphi sobre el manejo de la dislipidemia en pacientes con alteración del metabolismo de la glucosa: estudio Diana

Objectives The aim of the present study was to develop a multidisciplinary consensus based on the Delphi system to establish clinical recommendations for the management of dyslipidaemia when hyperglycaemia is present, and the relevant factors that should be taken into consideration when prescribing and monitoring treatment with statins. Methods The questionnaire developed by the scientific committee included four blocks of questions about dyslipidaemia in patients with impaired glucose metabolism. The results of the first two blocks are presented here: a) management of dyslipidaemia; b) relevant factors that should be taken into consideration when prescribing and monitoring treatment with s…

Management of Dyslipidemia in the Metabolic Syndrome

In order to characterize the metabolic syndrome it becomes necessary to establish a number of diagnostic criteria. Because of its impact on cardiovascular morbidity/mortality, considerable attention has been focussed on the dyslipidemia accompanying the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this review is to highlight the fundamental aspects of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and the treatment of the metabolic syndrome dyslipidemia with recommendations to clinicians. The clinical expression of the metabolic syndrome dyslipidemia is characterized by hypertriglyceridemia and low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). In addition, metabolic syndrome dyslipidemia is associated with hi…

El reotismo nobiliario en la agricultura valenciana del siglo XIX

RESUMENEl artículo discute los caracteres sociales de la nobleza terrateniente y el papel de la propiedad «rentista» en el desarrollo agrario valenciano del siglo XIX. En la primera parte se estudia la nobleza propietaria a mediados del siglo XIX y se cuestiona la tesis de su continuidad respecto a los antiguos señores feudales. En la segunda se destaca, a través del estudio de un patrimonio de la nobleza sin título, que la gestión era, a la vez, «rentista» y «empresarial», y se intenta explicar la lógica de este comportamiento.

Leaseholders in Capitalist Arcadia: Bourgeois Hegemony and Peasant Opportunities in the Valencian Countryside during the Nineteenth Century

Scholars tend to interpret the European peasantry's incorporation into mass politics at the beginning of the twentieth century in terms of two equally extreme situations, citing either the peasantry's support for traditional oligarchies, or its anti-capitalist radicalism. By contrast, this article explores how the confluence between a broad network of peasant families and leased agricultural properties in the Valencian region of Spain helped generate mass support for an anti-liberal (and eventually Francoist) legal system. The authors highlight the uniqueness of the social and productive context of Valencian agriculture during the late 1800s and early 1900s, as well as the tensions that exi…

Decálogo de recomendaciones clínicas en dislipidemia aterogénica

, fue realizado con el fin de promover ydesarrollar un consenso experto mediante la integracionde la mejor evidencia disponible y la experiencia de unamplio panel de profesionales de diferentes especialidadesmedicas. Para ello se empleo el metodo Delphi, una tecnicade consenso profesional mediante encuesta, fiable y delarga tradicion de uso en la investigacion biomedica, quepermite explorar y unificar las opiniones de un grupoprofesional sobre el tema de interes, sin las dificultades einconvenientes inherentes a los metodos de consenso condiscusion presencial

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, association with cardiovascular disease and treatment (II). The treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Disease nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises a series of histologically similar to those induced by alcohol consumption in people with very little or no liver damage same. The importance of NAFLD is its high prevalence in our Western societies, from the point of view liver in its progressive evolution from steatosis to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. During the last decade it has been observed that NAFLD leads to an increased cardiovascular risk with accelerated atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. This updated January 2016 revision consists of two parts. In this second part, the treatment of NAFLD and its influe…

Enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico, asociación con la enfermedad cardiovascular y tratamiento ( I ). Enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico y su asociación con la enfermedad cardiovascular

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises a series of histologically lesions similar to those induced by alcohol consumption in people with very little or no liver damage. The importance of NAFLD is its high prevalence in the Western world and, from the point of view of the liver, in its gradual progression from steatosis to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. During the last decade it has been observed that NAFLD leads to an increased cardiovascular risk with acceleration of arteriosclerosis and events related to it, being the main cause of its morbidity and mortality. This review, updated to January 2016, consists of two parts, with the first part analysing the associa…

Chronic kidney disease and dyslipidaemia

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has to be considered as a high, or even very high risk cardiovascular risk condition, since it leads to an increase in cardiovascular mortality that continues to increase as the disease progresses. An early diagnosis of CKD is required, together with an adequate identification of the risk factors, in order to slow down its progression to more severe states, prevent complications, and to delay, whenever possible, the need for renal replacement therapy. Dyslipidaemia is a factor of the progression of CKD that increases the risk in developing atherosclerosis and its complications. Its proper control contributes to reducing the elevated cardiovascular morbidity and …

COSMIC project : consensus on the objectives of the metabolic syndrome in clinic

Juan Pedro-Botet,1 Juan F Ascaso,2,3 Vivencio Barrios,4,5 Alejandro De la Sierra,6 Javier Escalada,7,8 Jesús Millán,9 Jose M Mostaza,10 Pablo Pérez-Martínez,8,11 Xavier Pintó,8,12 Jordi Salas-Salvadó,8,13 Pedro Valdivielso14 1Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; 2Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínico, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; 3INCLIVA Research Institute, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Ciber (Networked Biomedical Research Centres – CIBERDEM), Carlos III, Valencia, Spain; 4Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Caja…

Riesgo cardiovascular residual de origen lipídico. Componentes y aspectos fisiopatológicos

Resumen Es indudable la relacion del cLDL y el riesgo cardiovascular, asi como de los beneficios del tratamiento con estatinas. Una vez conseguido el objetivo de cLDL, son notables las evidencias que demuestran la persistencia de un elevado riesgo cardiovascular, concepto denominado riesgo residual. El riesgo residual de origen lipidico se fundamenta en la dislipidemia aterogenica, caracterizada por un aumento de trigliceridos y de las lipoproteinas ricas en trigliceridos, un descenso del cHDL y alteraciones cualitativas de las particulas LDL. Las medidas mas utilizadas para identificar esta dislipidemia se basan en la determinacion de colesterol total, trigliceridos, HDL, colesterol no HDL…

Documento de consenso sobre el manejo de la dislipemia aterogénica de la Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis

Resumen Documento de posicionamiento y resumen de las recomendaciones recientemente publicadas por el Grupo de Trabajo de Dislipemia Aterogenica de la Sociedad Espanola de Arteriosclerosis y por la Sociedad Europea de Arteriosclerosis.

Consensus document on the management of the atherogenic dyslipidaemia of the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis.

Positioning document and summary of recommendations recently published by the Working Group on Atherogenic Dyslipemia of the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis and by the European Society of Arteriosclerosis.

Estándares SEA 2019 para el control global del riesgo cardiovascular

One of the main goals of the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis is to contribute to a wider and greater knowledge of vascular disease, its prevention and treatment. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in our country and also lead to a high degree of disability and health expenditure. Arteriosclerosis is a multifactorial disease, this is why its prevention requires a global approach that takes into account the different risk factors with which it is associated. Thus, this document summarizes the current level of knowledge and integrates recommendations and procedures to be followed for patients with established cardiovascular disease or high vascular risk. Specifically, t…

José María Alcalde Jiménez: El poder del señorío. Señorío y poderes locales en Soria entre el Antiguo Régimen y el Liberalismo, Valladolid, Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de Educatión y Cultura, 1996, 469 pp., bibliografía e índice.

Los fibratos en la prevención primaria de la enfermedad cardiovascular. Comentarios a los resultados de una revisión sistemática de la Colaboración Cochrane

Resumen Los fibratos son un grupo de hipolipidemiantes que reducen los trigliceridos, elevan las lipoproteinas de alta densidad y disminuyen la fraccion de particulas de LDL pequenas y densas. Recientemente, se han publicado los resultados de un estudio de la Colaboracion Cochrane sobre su eficacia y seguridad en la prevencion primaria de la enfermedad cardiovascular. Este estudio incluye una revision sistematica y un metaanalisis de 6 estudios (16.135 pacientes) que evaluan, en personas en prevencion primaria, los beneficios clinicos de los fibratos comparados con el uso de un placebo o de otros hipolipidemiantes. Concluyen que, comparados con placebo, los fibratos son utiles para reducir …

Colesterol-no HDL como objetivo terapéutico

Although cholesterol linked to low-density lipoproteins (c-LDL) is well established as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, there is often a more complex dyslipidaemia pattern that contributes to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. Non-HDL cholesterol (c-NO-HDL) is used to estimate the total amount of atherogenic lipoproteins in plasma, some of which are not usually determined in daily clinical practice. c-NO-HDL is easily calculated from the subtraction of total plasma cholesterol from the cholesterol content carried by high density lipoproteins. The c-NO-HDL has a predictive value superior to that of C-LDL to estimate the risk of major cardiovascular events in epidemiological st…

El rentismo nobiliario en la agricultura valenciana en el siglo XIX

Editada en la Fundación Empresa Pública El articulo discute los caracteres sociales de la nobleza terrateniente y el papel de la propiedad «rentista» en el desarrollo agrario valenciano del siglo XIX. En la primera parte se estudia la nobleza propietaria a mediados del siglo XIX y se cuestiona la tesis de su continuidad respecto a los antiguos señores feudales. En la segunda se destaca, a través del estudio de un patrimonio de la nobleza sin título, que la gestión era, a la vez, «rentista» y «empresarial », y se intenta explicar la lógica de este comportamiento. This article aims to discuss the social features of the landed nobility and the role of «rentier» landownership in the development…

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, association with cardiovascular disease and treatment. (I). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with cardiovascular disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises a series of histologically lesions similar to those induced by alcohol consumption in people with very little or no liver damage. The importance of NAFLD is its high prevalence in the Western world and, from the point of view of the liver, in its gradual progression from steatosis to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. During the last decade it has been observed that NAFLD leads to an increased cardiovascular risk with acceleration of arteriosclerosis and events related to it, being the main cause of its morbidity and mortality. This review, updated to January 2016, consists of two parts, with the first part analysing the associa…

Enfermedad renal crónica y dislipidemia

Resumen La enfermedad renal cronica (ERC) ha de ser considerada como una situacion de alto e incluso muy alto riesgo cardiovascular, ya que provoca un aumento de la mortalidad cardiovascular que va incrementandose a medida que progresa la enfermedad. Es preciso realizar un diagnostico precoz de la ERC junto con la adecuada identificacion de los factores de riesgo, al objeto de frenar su evolucion a estadios mas severos, evitar las complicaciones y retrasar, en lo posible, la necesidad de tratamiento sustitutivo renal. La dislipidemia es un factor de progresion de la ERC que aumenta el riesgo de desarrollo de aterosclerosis y sus complicaciones. Su adecuado control contribuye a reducir la el…

Fibrates in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Comments on the results of a systematic review of the Cochrane Collaboration

Abstract Fibrates are drugs that reduce triglycerides, elevate high-density lipoproteins, as well as decrease small, dense LDL particles. The results of a study have recently been published by the Cochrane Collaboration on fibrates efficacy and safety in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. This study includes a systematic review and a meta-analysis of 6 studies (16,135 patients) that evaluated the clinical benefits of fibrates compared to placebo use or other lipid-lowering drugs. This review showed evidence of a protective effect of the fibrates compared with placebo as regards a reduction 16% of a compound objective of death due to cardiovascular disease, non-fatal myocardia…

Dislipidemia aterogénica 2019. Documento de consenso del Grupo de Dislipidemia Aterogénica de la Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis