0000000000205318
AUTHOR
Jürgen Perl
Metamodellbildung und interative online-Simulation für Verhaltensprozesse im Sport
Prozesse lassen sich u.a. hinsichtlich ihrer Determiniertheit und ihrer Ausfuhrungsprazision klassifizieren und sich so z.B. bezuglich ihrer Simulierbarkeit mit Hilfe von computerbasierten Modellen bewerten.
A neural network approach to movement pattern analysis.
Movements are time-dependent processes and so can be modelled by time-series of coordinates: E.g., each articulation has geometric coordinates; the set of the coordinates of the relevant articulations build a high-dimensional configuration. These configurations--or "patterns"--give reason for analysing movements by means of neural networks: The Kohonen Feature Map (KFM) is a special type of neural network, which (after having been coined by training with appropriate pattern samples) is able to recognize single patterns as members of pattern clusters. This way, for example, the particular configurations of a given movement can be identified as belonging to respective configuration clusters, …
Analysis of Game Creativity Development by Means of Continuously Learning Neural Networks
Experts in ball games are characterized by extraordinary creative behavior. This article outlines a framework of analyzing creative performance based on neural networks. The aim of this study is to compare the potential of different kinds of training programs with the learning of game creativity in real field contexts. The training groups (soccer group, n=20; field hockey group, n=17) showed significant improvement in comparison to the control group (n=18) with respect to the three measuring points, although no difference could be established between the groups. As regards the development of performance, five types of learning behavior can be distinguished, the most striking ones being what…
A Pilot Study on Offensive Success in Soccer Based on Space and Ball Control – Key Performance Indicators and Key to Understand Game Dynamics
Abstract The intention of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) is to map complex system-behaviour to single values for scaling, rating and ranking systems or system components. Very often, however, this mapping only reduces important information about tactical behaviour or playing dynamics without replacing it by useful ones. The presented approach tries to bridge the gap between complex dynamics and numerical indicators in the case of offensive effectiveness in soccer in two steps. First, a model is developed which visualises offensive actions in a process-oriented way by using information units to represent offensive performance – i.e. Key Performance Indicators. Second, this model is organis…
Game analysis and control by means of continuously learning networks
The paper deals with the question, if and how the process of learning can be modelled, analysed and maybe improved by means of Neural Networks. The problem is that most of the developed types of ne...
Formation-based modelling and simulation of success in soccer
Abstract The players’ positions of tactical groups in soccer can be mapped to formation-patterns by means of artificial neural networks (Kohonen, 1995). This way, the hundreds of positional situations of one half of a match can be reduced to about 20 to 30 types of formations (Grunz, Perl & Memmert, 2012; Perl, 2015), the coincidences of which can be used for describing and simulating tactical processes of the teams (Memmert, Lemmink & Sampaio, 2017): Developing and changing formations in the interaction with the opponent activities can be understood as a tactical game in the success context of ball control, space control and finally generating dangerous situations. As such it can b…
Ein Expertensystem mit integrierter Simulationskomponente am Beispiel des Tennis-Simulations-Systems TESSY
Das TESSY-Expertensystem organisiert Spiel- bzw. Leistungsdaten von Tennisspielern in einer Datenbank, wertet sie aus, simuliert Spiele zur interaktiven Nutzung auf dem Bildschirm und simuliert Spiele fur die interne Gewinnung zusatzlicher Daten und Fakten.
TESSY: Ein Tennis-Simulations-System
TESSY ist ein TEnnis-Simulations-SYstem, das auf der Grundlage eingegebener Spielstarkedaten optimale spieltaktische Konzepte berechnet und u.a. fur Spielsimulation verwendet.
Artificial Neural Networks in Sports: New Concepts and Approaches
Artificial neural networks are tools, which - similar to natural neural networks - can learn to recognize and classify patterns, and so can help to optimise context depending acting. These abilitie...
Soccer analyses by means of artificial neural networks, automatic pass recognition and Voronoi-cells: An approach of measuring tactical success.
Success in a soccer match is usually measured by goals. However, in order to yield goals, successful tactical pre-processing is necessary. If analyzing a match with the focus on “success”, promising tactical activities including vertical passes with control win in the opponent’s penalty area have to be the focus. Whether or not a pass is able to crack the opponent’s defence depends on the tactical formations of both the opponent’s defence and the own offence group.
Analysis and simulation of creativity learning by means of artificial neural networks
The paper presents a new neural network approach for analysis and simulation of creative behavior. The used concept of Dynamically Controlled Neural Gas (DyCoNG) entails a combination of Dynamically Controlled Network [Perl, J. (2004a). A neural network approach to movement pattern analysis. Human Movement Science,23, 605-620] and Growing Neural Gas (Fritzke, 1995) by quality neurons. A quality neuron reflects the rareness of a piece of information and therefore can measure the originality of a recorded activity that was assigned to the neuron during the network training. The DyCoNG approach was validated using data from a longitudinal field-based study. The creative behavior of 42 particip…
Konzept und Einsatz komplexer Informationssysteme im Sportbereich
Fur Systeme zur Erfassung, Auswertung und Bereitstellung von Information gibt es allgemeine Anforderungen und allgemeine Losungsmoglichkeiten, die relativ unabhangig vom konkreten Einsatzbereich sind. Die Orientierung an solchen Standardsystemen reduziert den notwendigen Entwicklungsaufwand und gibt andererseits mehr Raum, sich auf die Losung der spezifischen Probleme zu konzentrieren. Der im folgenden dargestellte Ansatz des “komplexen Informationssystems” ist ein Schritt in diese Richtung.
Behavior Classification with Self-Organizing Maps
We describe a method that applies Self-Organizing Maps for direct clustering of spatio-temporal data. We use the method to evaluate the behavior of RoboCup players. By training the Self-Organizing Map with player data we have the possibility to identify various clusters representing typical agent behavior patterns. Thus we can draw certain conclusions about their tactical behavior, using purely motion data, i.e. logfile information. In addition, we examine the player-ball interaction that give information about the players' technical capabilities.
Artificial neural networks in motor control research
Strictness vs. flexibility: Simulation-based recognition of strategies and its success in soccer
Abstract Introduction: Recognition and optimization of strategies in sport games is difficult in particular in case of team games, where a number of players are acting “independently” of each other. One way to improve the situation is to cluster the teams into a small number of tactical groups and to analyze the interaction of those groups. The aim of the study is the evaluation of the applicability of SOCCER© simulation in professional soccer by analyzing and simulation of the tactical group interaction. Methods: The players’ positions of tactical groups in soccer can be mapped to formation-patterns and then reflect strategic behaviour and interaction. Based on this information, Monte Carl…
PerPot: A metamodel for simulation of load performance interaction
A metamodel is introduced, which on one hand can help to understand particular effects and phenomena in the interaction of load and performance in training processes. On the other hand, it can be used as a starting point for refinements to specific adaptation models. Finally, a software tool has been developed that supports different simulation approaches—for example, basic analysis of model parameter influences, diagnosis of the state of real adaptation systems, optimization of given load performance interactions, and planning optimal training schedules.
Qualitative analysis of team interaction in games by means of the load-performance-metamodel PerPot.
Observation of team behaviour in games shows rather inhomogeneous distributions of the levels of activity and effectiveness along the game. It is to expect, of course, that even for a high level team a phase of great effort is followed by a phase of reduced activities, while the opponent team is increasing its pressure. The result could be thought to be something like a rhythmic change, where the maximum activities of the one team correspond to the minimum ones of the other team.However, as we got from handball data that Martin Lames from the University of Ulm/Germany recorded last year (private correspondence), the correspondences can be much more difficult and varying: Lames measured the …
Game creativity analysis using neural networks.
Experts in ball games are characterized by extraordinary creative behaviour. This article outlines a framework for analysing types of individual development of creative performance based on neural networks. Therefore, two kinds of sport-specific training programme for the learning of game creativity in real field contexts were investigated. Two training groups (soccer, n=20; field hockey, n=17) but not a control group (n=18) improved with respect to three measuring points (P0.001), although no difference could be established between the two training groups (P=0.212). By using neural networks it is now possible to distinguish between five types of learning behaviour in the development of per…
PerPot – a meta-model and software tool for analysis and optimisation of load-performance-interaction
The Performance Potential meta-model PerPot simulates the interaction between load and performance in adaptive physiological processes like training in sport by means of antagonistic dynamics.The t...
Evaluation of changes in space control due to passing behavior in elite soccer using Voronoi-cells
A soccer player’s ability to make an “effective” pass in a play situation is considered one of the key skills characterizing successful performance in elite soccer.