0000000000205385
AUTHOR
Ludwig Brandt
Arterial O2-Partial Pressure at Positve Endexpiratory Pressure in Hyperoxia for Verification of Patent Foramen Ovale?
As a rule, during anaesthesia a time dependent increase in pulmonary shunting occurs even in states of normal lung function. Therefore positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation (PEEP) is often used to decrease intrapulmonary right/left shunting (RL shunt) and thus to increase arterial O2 partial pressure (paO2) without increasing the inspiratory oxygen fraction.
Detection of DNA damage in stimulated human lymphocytes after enflurane exposure in vitro
DNA damage was detected by nucleoid sedimentation in human lymphocytes stimulated with pokeweed mitogen after exposure to enflurane. Enflurane induces DNA damage at an exposure concentration of 0.2 vol%. Higher enflurane concentrations increase the rate of DNA damage. The DNA damage seen after exposure to enflurane concentrations of 0.2 and 3.0% vol is comparable to damage after X-radiation of 0.1 and 0.7 Gy. DNA single-strand breaks can be demonstrated by nucleoid sedimentation and can indicate damage before DNA repair begins. Therefore, detected DNA single-strand breaks may be reversible. However, DNA repair is not always successful and an increased number of DNA single-strand breaks coul…
Blood CO2 and pH Transients During Apnoea after O2 Breathing in Patients
Endotracheal intubation always is combined with an apnoea the duration of which is dependent on the technique used, the skills of the intubator, and the anatomical situation. The resulting typical potential risks may be (among others) both hypoxaemia and hypercapnia. Therefore the tolerable apnoea time for an intubation procedure is limited in clinical practice to 1 – 2 minutes. It must be noted that the developing hypercapnia is inevitable, whereas hypoxaemia may be avoided even in prolonged apnoea (e.g. >2 min) with “adaequate” preoxygenation [Duda et al., 1988]. Using de-nitrogenation techniques (breathing pure oxygen for 30 to 60 min) “anaesthetized and curarized normal subjects tolerat…
Hyperoxic Intubation Apnoea: An In Vivo Model for the Proof of the Christiansen-Douglas-Haldane Effect
The Christiansen-Douglas-Haldane effect (HALDANE effect) describes the different CO2 binding capacity of haemoglobin on its degree of oxygenation and was first demonstrated in vitro in 1914 (Christiansen, Douglas and Haldane, 1914).