Approach to the 1-propanol dehydration using an extractive distillation process with ethylene glycol

Abstract The extractive distillation process exploits the capacity of some chemicals to alter the relative volatility between the components of a mixture. In this way, a third component (called entrainer) may be added to an azeotropic binary mixture to break the azeotrope. This paper discusses the potential use of ethylene glycol as entrainer in a 1-propanol dehydration process by extractive distillation. First, the present work focuses on the acquisition of isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium data of the ternary system 1-propanol + water + ethylene glycol system and the binaries systems 1-propanol + ethylene glycol and water + ethylene glycol. All measurements were done at 101.3 kPa. The exp…

Phase equilibria for the ternary systems ethanol, water+ethylene glycol or+glycerol at 101.3kPa

Abstract Two solvents, ethylene glycol and glycerol, are proposed as possible entrainers for the extractive distillation of the binary azeotropic mixture formed by ethanol and water. In this way, consistent isobaric vapour–liquid equilibrium data at 101.3 kPa were measured for the ternary systems ethanol + water + ethylene glycol and ethanol + water + glycerol. The data were correlated by local compositions models Wilson, NRTL and UNIQUAC. Parameters of these models were later employed to evaluate ability of the candidates to break the original azeotrope. The obtained results led to consider the ethylene glycol and the glycerol as valid entrainers for the extractive distillation process of …

Corrigendum to “Phase equilibria for the ternary systems ethanol, water + ethylene glycol or + glycerol at 101.3 kPa” [Fluid Phase Equilib. 341 (2013) 54–60]

Proposal of Isobutyl Alcohol as Entrainer To Separate Mixtures Formed by Ethanol and Water and 1-Propanol and Water

Isobutyl alcohol (IBA) has been proposed as a solvent to carry out the dehydration of ethanol and 1-propanol by means of a nonconventional distillation process. In this way, isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) and vapor–liquid–liquid equilibrium (VLLE) data at atmospheric pressure have been obtained for the ternary systems ethanol (1a) + water (2) + IBA (3) and 1-propanol (1b) + water (2) + IBA (3). Then, these data have been correlated to obtain a set of parameters capable of estimating VLE and VLLE. According to the results achieved, distillation sequences to separate water and ethanol or 1-propanol have been proposed. Finally, a study about the minimum amount of entrainer required to…

Azeotropic distillation for 1-propanol dehydration with diisopropyl ether as entrainer: Equilibrium data and process simulation

Abstract Azeotropic distillation process is widely used to separate non-ideal binary mixtures into their constituent pure components. 1-Propanol dehydration was used as case study and diisopropyl ether was analysed as possible entrainer in an azeotropic distillation. The separation of some alcohols from their aqueous solution is a challenging task because these aqueous mixture forms minimum boiling azeotrope. In this way, isobaric vapor-liquid and vapour-liquid-liquid equilibrium data were measured for the 1-propanol+ water + diisopropyl ether ternary mixture at 101.3 kPa. The data were correlated by NRTL and UNIQUAC models. A separation sequence (a decanter and a single-feed distillation c…

Solvent Effects on Vapor–Liquid Equilibria of the Binary System 1-Hexene + n-Hexane

In order to study the separation of 1-hexene and n-hexane, two solvents, 2-pentanol and ethyl-butyrate, are tested as possible entrainers for an extractive distillation. In this way, isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at 100 kPa have been measured for the two ternary systems formed by the initial mixture and one of the mentioned solvents: 1-hexene + n-hexane + ethyl butyrate and 1-hexene + n-hexane + 2-pentanol. VLE data for the four constituent binary systems have also been measured. These systems are 1-hexene + ethyl butyrate, n-hexane + ethyl butyrate, 1-hexene + 2-pentanol, and finally n-hexane + 2-pentanol. All binary systems show moderate positive deviations from the ideal b…

Thermodynamic Analysis and Process Simulation of Ethanol Dehydration via Heterogeneous Azeotropic Distillation

The heterogeneous azeotropic distillation process is widely used to separate nonideal binary mixtures into their constituent pure components. This method uses the addition of a third component, called an entrainer, to cause liquid–liquid phase separation over a broad range of compositions in the ternary phase diagram. Ethanol dehydration was used as a case study and diisopropyl ether and isobutyl alcohol were analyzed as possible entrainers in a heterogeneous azeotropic distillation. In this way, isobaric vapor–liquid–liquid equilibrium was measured for the ethanol + water + diisopropyl ether or + isobutyl alcohol ternary mixtures at 101.3 kPa. The data were correlated by the NRTL and UNIQU…

Isobaric Vapor–Liquid–Liquid Equilibria for the Ternary Systems Ethanol + Water + Propyl Acetate and 1-Propanol + Water + Propyl acetate

In order to break azeotropes appearing in mixtures of water and either ethanol or 1-propanol, an azeotropic distillation process is proposed using propyl acetate as entrainer. Therefore, isobaric vapor–liquid–liquid equilibrium (VLLE) data at atmospheric pressure have been obtained for the ternary systems ethanol + water + propyl acetate and 1-propanol + water + propyl acetate. Data correlation has been carried out in four different ways and a comparison between the results obtained in each correlation has been done. The set of parameters obtained from the best correlation has been used in the VLLE estimation. Effects of using propyl acetate as entrainer in the azeotropic distillation have …

Evaluation of Diethyl Carbonate and Methyl Isobutyl Ketone as Entrainers for the Separation of 1-Hexene and n-Hexane

Diethyl carbonate and methyl isobutyl ketone are tested as possible entrainers for separating 1-hexene and n-hexane by extractive distillation. For this purpose, isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at 100 kPa have been obtained for the two ternary systems formed by the two hydrocarbons and one of the selected solvents: 1-hexene + n-hexane + diethyl carbonate and 1-hexene + n-hexane + methyl isobutyl ketone. VLE data for the following constituent binary systems have also been determined: 1-hexene + diethyl carbonate, n-hexane + diethyl carbonate, 1-hexene + methyl isobutyl ketone, and finally n-hexane + methyl isobutyl ketone. All binary systems present moderate positive deviations …

Application of Molecular Topology for the Prediction of Reaction Yields and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Heterocyclic Amidine Derivatives

Topological-mathematical models based on multiple linear regression analyses have been built to predict the reaction yields and the anti-inflammatory activity of a set of heterocylic amidine derivatives, synthesized under environmental friendly conditions, using microwave irradiation. Two models with three variables each were selected. The models were validated by cross-validation and randomization tests. The final outcome demonstrates a good agreement between the predicted and experimental results, confirming the robustness of the method. These models also enabled the screening of virtual libraries for new amidine derivatives predicted to show higher values of reaction yields and anti-infl…

Density, Viscosity, and Sound Speed of Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide-Based Ionic Liquids + 1-Propanol Mixtures

The density, viscosity, and speed of sound of three mixtures formed by 1-propanol and an ionic liquid were measured in a temperature range of 278.15–338.15 K. All measurements were made at atmospheric pressure and covered the entire range of miscible compositions. The three ionic liquids have the same anion but differ in the cation: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [emim][NTf2], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [bmim][NTf2], and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [hmim][NTf2]. The experimental data allowed calculate the molar volume and isentropic compressibility of the mixture and their respective exces…

Evaluation of the 2-Methoxyethanol as Entrainer in Ethanol–Water and 1-Propanol–Water Mixtures

In this paper, 2-methoxyethanol (commercially known as methyl cellosolve) is proposed as a potential entrainer for extractive distillation processes involving water–alcohol mixtures. The two alcohols studied in this work are ethanol and 1-propanol. Thereby, isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at atmospheric pressure have been measured for the ternary systems ethanol + water + 2-methoxyethanol and 1-propanol + water + 2-methoxyethanol. Moreover, data of the binary systems formed by the 2-methoxyethanol and each of the other chemicals used (ethanol, water, 1-propanol) have been obtained. The well-known local composition models Wilson, UNIQUAC, and NRTL have been used to correlate bin…

Density, Speed of Sound, Viscosity, and Excess Properties of Binary Mixtures Formed by Ethanol and Bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide-Based Ionic Liquids

In this work, viscosities, densities, and speeds of sound of three binary mixtures containing the ionic liquids 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [emim][NTf2], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [bmim][NTf2], and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazo-lium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [hmim][NTf2], mixed with ethanol were measured at atmospheric pressure in the range of (278.15 to 338.15) K, covering the entire range of compositions. From these experimental data, the excess isentropic compressibility and molar isentropic compressibility of pure components and mixtures have been calculated. Additionally, excess properties, such as viscosity dev…

Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria for extractive distillation of 1-propanol + water mixture using thiocyanate-based ionic liquids

Abstract This paper presents vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at 101.3 kPa for the ternary systems 1-propanol + water + 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate [emim][SCN] and 1-propanol + water + 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate [bmim][SCN] and their constituents binary systems. The experimental data obtained were correlated using the NRTL, eNRTL and UNIQUAC models. It was found that the addition of these ionic liquids enhance the relative volatility of 1-propanol to water, and the separation ability follows the order of [emim][SCN] > [bmim][SCN]. The results obtained were compared with the VLE data of the system containing this azeotropic mixtures with different imidazolium-base…

Liquid–Liquid Equilibria of the Water + 1-Propanol + 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide Ternary System: Study of the Ability of Ionic Liquid as a Solvent

An important problem in the chemical industry is the separation of azeotropes. Their separation by simple distillation is basically impossible, and extractive distillation consumes much more energy than liquid–liquid extraction, so this alternative could be interesting. Recently, researchers have started to explore these option using ionic liquids as the solvent. The remarkable properties of ionic liquids have made them sustainable alternatives to conventional solvents. This work is a continuation of a study developed by our research group on the use of ionic liquids as extractant solvents of alcohol + water mixtures which form azeotropes, using in this case 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bi…