Exploring activities for simulating everyday rythms and routines in french urban areas

International audience

Simuler la mobilité urbaine quotidienne : le projet MIRO

Modéliser les programmes d’activités par les systèmes multi-agents

International audience

MIRO : des trajectoires individuelles à la ville en mouvement

Studying and modelling soil microbial communities dynamics at a landscape scale in response to agricultural practices

Soil microbial communities play a major role in soil fertility and are important as bioindicators to evaluate the impacts of agricultural practices on soils. The challenge is to promote their use in order to support / accelerate innovation by proposing to farmers the tools necessary to assess the impacts of practice modifications on the soil microbial composition before implementing and validating them. The goal of this thesis is to characterize spatial and temporal dynamics of soil microbial communities at the scale of an agricultural landscape in order to create models and propose a Decision Support Instrument (DSI) for stakeholders in the agricultural communities. This will use a multi-d…

A spatially explicit model to simulate soil microbial communities’ dynamics at an agricultural landscape scale

Soil microorganisms play a major role in soil functions and are an efficient indicator to evaluate the impact of agricultural practices on soil quality. Biogeographical studies over wide scales ranging from landscape to countries have concluded that soil microbial abundance and soil prokaryotic richness is following a heterogeneous distribution in space under the dependence of soil properties (e.g. pH, soil texture, organic matter content) and agricultural practices. The goal of this study is the creation of a model that can predict dynamics of soil microbial communities depending on the agricultural management over time. For this, we focus on a monitored landscape (Fénay landscape, 1.200 h…

Représentation dynamique et visualisation interactive des mobilités quotidiennes à l’échelle de la ville

International audience

From the Household Survey to an Individual activity Program : a MAS approach

International audience

Studying and modelling the dynamics of soil microbial communities at a landscape scale in response to agricultural practices

National audience; Soil Microbial communities play a major role in soil fertility and are important as bioindicators to evaluate the impacts of agricultural practices on soils. The challenge is to promote their use in order to support / accelerate innovation by proposing to farmers the tools necessary to assess the impacts of practice modifications on the soil microbial composition before implementing and validating them. The goal of this thesis is to characterize spatial and temporal dynamics of soil microbial communities at the scale of an agricultural landscape in order to create models and propose a Decision Support Instrument (DSI) for stakeholders in the agricultural communities. This…

Modéliser la ville

Ouvrage publié avec le soutien de la Direction de la recherche et de l'innovation (service de la recherche) du Commissariat général au développement durable (ministère de l'Écologie, de l'Énergie, du Développement durable et de la Mer), en liaison avec le Programme de recherche et d'innovation dans les transports terrestres - PREDIT 4; National audience; Pour de nombreux acteurs, impliqués professionnellement ou politiquement dans les problématiques de la ville et de son aménagement, il est devenu clair que la planification de l’urbanisation ne peut être déconnectée des politiques de transport : elles interagissent l’une sur l’autre et doivent être considérées ensemble, ce qui nécessite de …

Coupling agent-based with equation-based models to study spatially explicit megapopulation dynamics

International audience; The incorporation of the spatial heterogeneity of real landscapes into population dynamics remains extremely difficult. We propose combining equation-based modelling (EBM) and agent-based modelling (ABM) to overcome the difficulties classically encountered. ABM facilitates the description of entities that act according to specific rules evolving on various scales. However, a large number of entities may lead to computational difficulties (e.g., for populations of small mammals, such as voles, that can exceed millions of individuals). Here, EBM handles age-structured population growth, and ABM represents the spreading of voles on large scales. Simulations applied to t…

Concevoir des agents pour simuler les dynamiques urbaines. De l’enquête ménage à la génération de programmes d’activités

International audience

A self-adaptable distributed CBR version of the EquiVox system

Three dimensional (3D) voxel phantoms are numerical representations of human bodies, used by physicians in very different contexts. In the controlled context of hospitals, where from 2 to 10 subjects may arrive per day, phantoms are used to verify computations before therapeutic exposure to radiation of cancerous tumors. In addition, 3D phantoms are used to diagnose the gravity of accidental exposure to radiation. In such cases, there may be from 10 to more than 1000 subjects to be diagnosed simultaneously. In all of these cases, computation accuracy depends on a single such representation. In this paper, we present EquiVox which is a tool composed of several distributed functions and enab…

Modélisation Intra-urbaine des Rythmes quotidiens : accroître l'accessibilité à la ville pour maîtriser la mobilité urbaine [MIRO]

Ce projet vise à accroître et améliorer nos connaissances sur les mobilités urbaines quotidiennes et la ville en mouvement. Il permet notamment de mieux définir les contours d'une mobilité urbaine durable, conciliant au mieux droit à une mobilité choisie et droit à la ville pour tous. Le prototype de simulateur multi-agents construit permet d'explorer, par simulation informatique, les impacts possibles de politiques urbaines sur l'accessibilité spatio-temporelle des citadins à la ville et leurs conséquences sur leur mobilité quotidienne. Il permet également d'établir des diagnostics territoriaux (pertes et gains d'accessibilité localisés) et sociaux (populations avantagées et désavantagées …

Temporal dynamics of soil bacterial communities at a landscape scale: dependence to soil properties and agricultural practices.

International audience; Soil microbial communities play a major role in agricultural functions and are an efficient indicator to evaluate the impacts of agricultural practices on soils. Studies on wide scales ranging from landscape to countries demonstrated that soil microbial communities were heterogeneously distributed in space under the dependence of soil properties (e.g. pH, soil texture, Organic matter Content) and agricultural practices. However, temporal dynamics of soil microbial communities at a landscape scale still need to be documented in order to go further in evaluating the sustainability of agricultural practices. In this extensive monitoring study, we focused on landscape dy…

Étude et modélisation des impacts des pratiques agricoles sur la dynamique de la distribution des communautés microbiennes des sols à l’échelle du paysage

National audience; Les micro-organismes telluriques, de par leur abondance et leur richesse, jouent un rôle centraldans le fonctionnement des écosystèmes et sont des bioindicateurs intéressants pour évaluerl’impact des pratiques agricoles sur la qualité des sols. L’enjeu est de favoriser leur utilisationpour accompagner l’innovation dans le monde agricole. Cette thèse a pour objectif de permettreune meilleure compréhension des dynamiques spatiales et temporelles des communautésmicrobiennes du sol à l’échelle du paysage. Pour cela, nous proposons de modéliser cesdynamiques et de partager les connaissances aux acteurs du monde agricole via un OAD (outild’aide à la décision). Le paysage de Fén…

MIRO-Modélisation Intra-urbaine des Rythmes Quotidiens : accroître l’accessibilité à la ville pour maîtriser la mobilité urbaine