0000000000241242
AUTHOR
Boel De Paepe
Heat-Shock Proteins in Autoimmunity
Heat shock proteins (HSPs), also known as “stress proteins,” are among the highly conserved and immunogenic proteins shared among diverse groups of microbial agents and mammals [1]. Heat and other types of stressful stimuli can increase the cellular expression of HSPs. These proteins have been categorized into different families according to their molecular mass, for example, HSP110, HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP40, HSP20-30, and HSP10 [1–3]. For uniformity, guidelines for the nomenclature of various human HSP families have been proposed [4]. Under physiological conditions, the ubiquitously distributed HSPs maintain the integrity and function of other cellular proteins in stressful conditions. H…
205th ENMC International Workshop: Pathology diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies Part II 28-30 March 2014, Naarden, The Netherlands.
The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IM) are a heterogeneous group of diseases and diagnosis often necessitates a muscle biopsy. Five main entities are recognized: (1) dermatomyositis (DM); (2) polymyositis (PM); (3) necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (NAM); (4) sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM); and (5) non-specific myositis. Other entities include granulomatous myopathy, macrophagic myofasciitis, and eosinophilic fasciitis (Shulman's syndrome). The pathological classification and subsequent identification of disease subgroups are extremely important for assessing treatment options and prognosis in the individual patient, yet classification criteria have not been standardized and vali…