0000000000249000
AUTHOR
A. Margulies
Rare Cancers Europe (RCE) methodological recommendations for clinical studies in rare cancers: A European consensus position paper
While they account for one-fifth of new cancer cases, rare cancers are difficult to study. A higher than average degree of uncertainty should be accommodated for clinical as well as for population-based decision making. Rules of rational decision making in conditions of uncertainty should be rigorously followed and would need widely informative clinical trials. In principle, any piece of new evidence would need to be exploited in rare cancers. Methodologies to explicitly weigh and combine all the available evidence should be refined, and the Bayesian logic can be instrumental to this end. Likewise, Bayesian-design trials may help optimize the low number of patients liable to be enrolled in …
Management of chemotherapy extravasation: ESMO–EONS Clinical Practice Guidelines
Extravasation is the process by which any liquid (fluid or drug) accidentally leaks into the surrounding tissue. In terms of cancer therapy, extravasation refers to the inadvertent infiltration of chemotherapy into the subcutaneous or subdermal tissues surrounding the intravenous or intra-arterial administration site. Extravasated drugs are classified according to their potential for causing damage as ‘vesicant’, ‘irritant’ and ‘nonvesicant’ (Table 1). Some vesicant drugs are further classified into two groups: DNA binding and non-DNA binding. Allwood et al. (2002) divided the drugs into vesicants, exfoliants, irritants, inflammitants and neutrals.