0000000000263899
AUTHOR
Eveliina Markkula
Long-term UVB irradiation affects the immune functions of carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
The effects of long-term, low-dose ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation on immune functions of two fish species representing different taxonomic groups, carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), were assessed in this study. The fish were exposed to 7, 20 or 60 mJ cm(-2) UVB three times per week, for 6 weeks. In carp, UVB exposure affected the respiratory burst activity of blood and head kidney phagocytes, differential blood leukocyte counts and blood chemistry. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated in vitro proliferation responses of blood and head kidney lymphocytes, however, remained unchanged. Rainbow trout tolerated the irradiations with fewer alterations, but significant c…
Reproductive, biochemical, physiological, and population responses in perch (Perca fluviatilisL.) and roach (Rutilus rutilusL.) downstream of two elemental chlorine-free pulp and paper mills
Perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) populations in a state of late vitellogenesis were studied downstream of two pulp and paper mills and at upstream references in southern Lake Saimaa, Finland. The mills used elemental chlorine-free bleaching and activated sludge effluent treatment technologies. The exposure of fish to pulp mill effluents, as measured by concentrations of chlorophenolics in the bile and liver ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, was low and almost similar to the references. Nevertheless, bile resin acid concentrations in exposed perch and roach (260-320 micrograms/ml) and bile beta-sitosterol concentrations in exposed roach (1.5-3.5 microgr…
Additive effects of enhanced ambient ultraviolet B radiation and increased temperature on immune function, growth and physiological condition of juvenile (parr) Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar.
Climate change models predict increased ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation levels due to stratospheric ozone depletion and global warming. In order to study the impact of these two environmental stressors acting simultaneously on the physiology of fish, Atlantic salmon parr were exposed, for 8 weeks in outdoor tanks, to different combinations of UVB radiation (depleted and enhanced) and temperature (standard rearing temperature of 14 °C or 19 °C). The immune function (plasma IgM, lysozyme activity and complement bacteriolytic activity), growth (body weight) and physiological condition (haematocrit and plasma protein concentration) of the fish were determined. Increased UVB level, regardless of w…
Ultraviolet B radiation induced alterations in immune function of fish : in relation to habitat preference and disease resistance
Runsas altistuminen auringolle on tunnetusti haitallista ihmisten ja eläinten hyvinvoinnille. Eveliina Markkula tutki väitöskirjatyössään, miten ultravioletti B (UVB) -säteilylle altistuminen vaikuttaa kalojen vastustuskykyyn ja tautialttiuteen.- Ilmakehän otsonikerroksen oheneminen viime vuosikymmenten aikana on johtanut UVB-säteilyn lisääntymiseen maan pinnalla. UVB-säteily tunkeutuu myös kirkkaisiin järvi- ja merivesiin ja voi näin aiheuttaa haittaa kaloille, Markkula kertoo.UVB-säteilyn on jo aiemmin todettu lisäävän kalojen varhaisten elinvaiheiden epämuodostumia ja kuolleisuutta. Kertaluonteinenkin altistuminen lampuilla tuotetulle UVB-säteilylle aiheuttaa muutoksia kalan immuunijärje…
Exposure to increased ambient ultraviolet B radiation has negative effects on growth, condition and immune function of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr were exposed in two outdoor experiments, ranging in duration from 52 to 137 days, to spectral treatments: (1) natural sunlight (=present ambient UVB level), (2) solar radiation supplemented with enhanced UVB radiation from lamps simulating 20% or 8% stratospheric ozone loss or (3) UVB-depleted sunlight achieved by screening with Mylar-D film. The growth, condition and immune function of the salmon were quantified after treatments. Exposure to enhanced UVB radiation retarded growth, and decreased hematocrit value and plasma protein concentration. Further, enhanced UVB radiation affected plasma immunoglobulin concentration. The results demonstrate that juven…