Grip Strength, Neurocognition, and Social Functioning in People WithType-2 Diabetes Mellitus, Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Schizophrenia
[Background] Frailty is a common syndrome among older adults and patients with several comorbidities. Grip strength (GS) is a representative parameter of frailty because it is a valid indicator of current and long-term physical conditions in the general population and patients with severe mental illnesses (SMIs). Physical and cognitive capacities of people with SMIs are usually impaired; however, their relationship with frailty or social functioning have not been studied to date. The current study aimed to determine if GS is a valid predictor of changes in cognitive performance and social functioning in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and SMIs.
El conocimiento y la intencionalidad didáctica en el uso de TIC del profesorado de educación física (Physical education teachers’ knowledge and educational intentionality in the use of ICT)
La formación digital tecnocéntrica del profesorado y el uso tradicional de las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación (TIC), muestran la debilidad del discurso pedagógico frente al tecnológico, confirmando la limitada intencionalidad didáctica de los docentes al usar dichas tecnologías. En educación física se carece de instrumentos específicos para estudiar esa realidad. El objetivo del trabajo fue validar, por el método Delphi, un cuestionario para medir el nivel de conocimiento y la intencionalidad didáctica del profesorado de educación física al usar las TIC, atendiendo a la edad y al género. Posteriormente se aplicó el cuestionario a una muestra representativa de 155 docente…
Estudio de las actitudes y el interés de los docentes de primaria de educación física por las TIC en la Comunidad Valenciana
Las actitudes negativas y el desinterés del profesorado parecen ser dos barreras que frenan la integración de las TIC en el sistema educativo. En educación física, además, faltan instrumentos específicos para estudiar y valorar estas variables. El objetivo del trabajo fue desarrollar y validar, por el método Delfhi, un cuestionario para conocer las actitudes y el interés del profesorado de educación física por las TIC atendiendo a la edad y al género. Posteriormente se aplicó a una muestra representativa de 145 docentes de enseñanza primaria de Valencia y área metropolitana. Los resultados indicaron que el cuestionario poseía una fiabilidad y validez adecuadas para estudiar dichas variables…
La Educación Física en la Escuela y en la formación de maestros
Recorrido histórico de la Educación Física en la formación de los maestros y maestras den la Comunidad Valenciana. En el texto se explica cómo surge lo que hoy es la Educación Física en la escuela y cómo se formaba a sus profesores. Se presenta cómo evoluciona en nuestra comunidad en relación a la evolución de los diferentes movimientos educativos desde sus inicios en 1901, pasando por su presencia en una época de falta de libertades, hasta la actualidad Historical overview of Physical Education in the training of teachers in the Valencian Community. The text explains how what is now Physical Education at school arose and how its teachers were trained. It is presented how it evolves in our …
Prevalence of Low Back Pain among Primary School Students from the City of Valencia (Spain)
It is well-known that low back pain (LBP) prevalence is high among school-age children. However, literature concerning the initial onset of back pain between the ages of three and eleven years is scarce. The present study aims to analyze the prevalence of LBP in kindergarten and primary school students. A total of 278 (9.9 ± 2.1 years old
La expresión corporal en la educación secundaria, ¿un contenido para el desarrollo de la creatividad? Un estudio de casos.
El desarrollo de la creatividad es uno de los objetivos de la expresión corporal en el currículum. Estudiar cómo se aborda este contenido de la educación física requiere analizar cuál es el papel del profesorado. Para ello se plantea un estudio de casos de tres profesores de educación secundaria con el fin de conocer y contrastar lo que hacen, dicen y programan los profesores de Educación Física. Los instrumentos que se utilizaron para su estudio fueron la observación estructurada, las entrevistas personales y las programaciones de los profesores. Como resultados más importantes se observa que este contenido no se impartía en las mismas condiciones que el resto de contenidos de la Educación…
Musculatura del tronco en ejercicios de fortalecimiento abdominal
En el campo del deporte y la educación física, el uso de diferentes ejercicios y métodos para fortalecer la musculatura del tronco carece de base científica. Por otro lado, los estudios electromiográficos sobre la musculatura del tronco muestran resultados contradictorios debido a diferencias metodológicas entre ellos. El planteamiento de esos problemas nos ha llevado a desarrollar un estudio sobre la participación de la musculatura del tronco en ejercicios de fortalecimiento abdominal, tratando de solucionar las diferencias metodológicas existentes. La participación de la musculatura del tronco en 33 ejercicios de fortalecimiento abdominal ha sido estudiada en una población de 46 sujetos v…
Development and psychometric evaluation of a health questionnaire on back care knowledge in daily life physical activities for adolescent students
The most relevant musculoskeletal problems are related with back health. Study instruments have been designed for adult patient population but not for school-aged children. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a questionnaire to assess adolescents' level of back care knowledge in daily life physical activities.Participants were 171 adolescents from secondary schools. The questionnaire was made up of 24 questions. A Delphi method was used for test validation. Cronbach's alpha, test-retest, Wilcoxon signed-rank and Bland-Altman graph were used to evaluate the instrument reliability.Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.82) showed a strong internal consistency. Te…
Improvement of knowledge and postural habits after an educational intervention program in school students
To study the effect of an educational intervention programme concerning knowledge and postural habits for back health on a group of 10 to 11-year-old students. Two groups of 5th grade primary school students were selected. A control group (CG) (n=16), and an experimental group (EG) (n=16) who developed a back-health educational programme. A follow-up was carried out one month after the end of the intervention. The proposed educational intervention improved the results of both the knowledge and postural habits of the participants. The increase in the level of knowledge concerning health and back care in the daily lives of the EG (x̅=6.32) was significantly greater than that observed in the C…
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Reliability of the Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument (BackPEI) to the Spanish Adolescent Population
The prevalence of back pain (BP) among children and adolescents has increased over recent years. Some authors advocate promoting back-health education in the school setting. It is therefore important to adopt a uniform suite of assessment instruments to measure the various constructs. The present study aimed to perform a cultural adaptation of a validated measurement instrument (BackPEI), beginning with a translation and cultural adaptation phase, followed by a second phase to test reliability using a test-retest design. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation were performed based on the guidelines. Reliability was tested by applying the questionnaire to 224 secondary school students,…
Effects of a non-randomized educational intervention on knowledge, postural habits and trunk muscle endurance related to back health: A 6-month follow-up study
Low back pain (LBP) prevalence in children and adolescents is high during their lives. School-based interventions have reported effectiveness on back health. The study aimed to determine the effect of an educational back-health intervention on knowledge, postural habits and trunk muscle endurance regarding low back pain prevention for a group of 12 to 13-year-old students using a 6-month follow-up. A non-randomized experimental design. Three groups of 1st-grade secondary school students were selected. A control group (CG), and two experimental groups (EG1 and EG2) who participated in a back-health educational program (BHEP); only one of the experimental groups was given a follow-up learning…
Psychometric Study and Content Validity of a Questionnaire to Assess Back-Health-Related Postural Habits in Daily Activities
The purpose of this study was to develop a questionnaire to assess body posture habits in adolescents’ daily activities. To develop and assess the instrument we used the Delphi method, and a test-r...
Justificación del valor educativo de la Educación Física y el docente. ¿Qué profesional del deporte debe impartir la materia de Educación Física? ¿El Maestro/a y Profesor/a de Educación Física o el Monitor/a deportivo/a? (Justification of the educational
Esta revisión teórica pretende explicar y reflexionar sobre lo que es la Educación Física de calidad y las competencias profesionales de los docentes de la materia para no confundirlo con el deporte escolar. Actualmente, son varias las instituciones que recomiendan una Educación Física de Calidad, y entre otros aspectos destacan que esta debe aumentar hasta las 3h lectivas a la semana tanto en la etapa de educación primaria obligatoria como en la secundaria. En la Comunidad Valenciana, el programa de “Esport a l’Escola+1h EF” propone que las federaciones deportivas se encarguen de desarrollar dicho proyecto dirigido a todo el alumnado de 3º y 4º de primaria en la hora de libre disposición y…
Estudio de las actitudes y el interés de los docentes de primaria de educación física por las TIC en la Comunidad Valenciana (Primary Physical Education teachers’ attitudes and interests towards ICT in the Valencian Community)
Las actitudes negativas y el desinterés del profesorado parecen ser dos barreras que frenan la integración de las TIC en el sistema educativo. En educación física, además, faltan instrumentos específicos para estudiar y valorar estas variables. El objetivo del trabajo fue desarrollar y validar, por el método Delfhi, un cuestionario para conocer las actitudes y el interés del profesorado de educación física por las TIC atendiendo a la edad y al género. Posteriormente se aplicó a una muestra representativa de 145 docentes de enseñanza primaria de Valencia y área metropolitana. Los resultados indicaron que el cuestionario poseía una fiabilidad y validez adecuadas para estudiar dichas variables…
Back-Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise Knowledge in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Knowledge is a determining factor for the development of postural habits; it could be considered as the first step in the establishment of changes. The aim of this study was to analyze the level of specific back-health-related physical activity and exercise knowledge in adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 1500 high school students between the ages of 13 and 18 (mean age = 15.18 ± 1.44). Students from the Valencian Community (Spain) were recruited with a confidence level of 95% and an accepted standard error of ± 2.53%. Self-report questionnaires were used to record back-health-related physical activity knowledge. The level of specific knowledge of…
Teaching Back Health in the School Setting: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
School-based interventions have reported effectiveness on back health; however, there are no specific guidelines for teaching body mechanics and posture in primary and secondary schools. To identify, describe, and analyze the educative features of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on back health developed to date in the school setting, a systematic review was performed following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. RCTs exclusively focused on educational setting electronic databases included PubMed, EMBASE, PEDro, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, ERIC, and MEDLINE on the Ovid platform. Databases were searched for potentially eligible…
Electromyographic Studies in Abdominal Exercises: A Literature Synthesis
Abstract Objective The purpose of this article is to synthesize the literature on studies that investigate electromyographic activity of abdominal muscles during abdominal exercises performance. Methods MEDLINE and Sportdiscus databases were searched, as well as the Web pages of electronic journals access, ScienceDirect, and Swetswise, from 1950 to 2008. The terms used to search the literature were abdominal muscle and the specific names for the abdominal muscles and their combination with electromyography, and/or strengthening, and/or exercise, and/or spine stability, and/or low back pain. The related topics included the influence of the different exercises, modification of exercise positi…
Evaluation Instruments for Assessing Back Pain in Athletes: A Systematic Review Protocol
Back pain is a public health problem that affects adolescents and adults worldwide. However, studies on back pain present inconsistent findings in part due to the use of different instruments, especially for athletes. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review protocol was to map the existing evidence on such tools. The systematic review will be conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Five electronic databases, Embase, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Scopus will be searched. This review includes studies that investigated prevalence, incidence, and other variables. Titles and abstracts will be selected. Two independent reviewers will read the articles carefully and discrepancies,…