0000000000294348
AUTHOR
Katarzyna Zielińska
Direct Analysis of Psilocin and Muscimol in Urine Samples Using Single Drop Microextraction Technique In-Line with Capillary Electrophoresis
The fully automated system of single drop microextraction coupled with capillary electrophoresis (SDME-CE) was developed for in-line preconcentration and determination of muscimol (MUS) and psilocin (PSC) from urine samples. Those two analytes are characteristic active metabolites of Amanita and Psilocybe mushrooms, evoking visual and auditory hallucinations. Study analytes were selectively extracted from the donor phase (urine samples, pH 4) into the organic phase (a drop of octanol layer), and re-extracted to the acidic acceptor (background electrolyte, BGE), consisting of 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH 3). The optimized conditions for the extraction procedure of a 200 µ
Determination of muscimol and ibotenic acid in mushrooms of Amanitaceae by capillary electrophoresis
In this study, the CZE method for rapid quantitative and qualitative determination of ibotenic acid and muscimol in Amanita mushrooms naturally grown in Poland was developed. The investigations included the species of A. muscaria, A. pantherina, and A. citrina, collected in southern region of Poland. The studied hallucinogenic compounds were effectively extracted with a mixture of methanol and 1 mM sodium phosphate buffer at pH 3 (1:1 v/v) using ultrasound-assisted procedure. The obtained extracts were separated and determined by CZE utilizing a 25 mM sodium phosphate running buffer adjusted to pH 3 with 5% content of acetonitrile v/v. The calibration curves for both analytes were linear in…
Bioactive Alkaloids of Hallucinogenic Mushrooms
Abstract The aim of our chapter is to review recent developments in a group of medicinally important natural products–alkaloids, with reference to the structure–activity studies in respect of certain diseases. Alkaloids covered by our review come from mushrooms called “hallucinogenic.” Hallucinogenic compounds have been chemically identified in mushrooms belonging to various genera, e.g., Agrocybe, Amanita, Conocybe, Galerina, Gymnopilus, Hypholoma, Inocybe, Panaeolus, Psilocybe, Pholiotina, Pluteus, and Weraroa [J.W. Allen, Ethnomycol. J. Sacred Mushroom Stud. 9 (2012) 130–175]. One of the largest classes of alkaloids is indole alkaloids. Indoles are probably the most widely distributed he…