0000000000299586
AUTHOR
Didier Galop
Cinq millénaires de métallurgie en montagne basque. Les apports d'une démarche intégrée alliant palynologie et géochimie isotopique du plomb
Five thousand years of metallurgy in the basque mountains : the contributions of an integrated process mixing palynology and the isotopic chemistry of lead. An interdisciplinary research combining palyno- logy and lead isotopic geochemistry was performed in a peat bog of the Basque Country, in an area recognized as being an old metallurgical centre. These various analyses make it possible to reconstitute mining and metallurgical activities and to appreciate the impact on forest during last five millennia. Several phases are attested between late Neolithic and modern times (Middle Bronze age, Late Bronze age, Antiquity and finally modern time). Most of these phases are clearly related to for…
Dynamiques et ruptures dans l'histoire des basses terres mayas. Questions et méthodes à partir du programme " La Joyanca " (Nord-ouest du Petén, Guatemala).
Les résultats qui sont présentés ici sont issus d'un programme ayant un double objectif. D'une part, en relation étroite avec les recherches archéologiques, il s'agissait de préciser la chronologie de l'occupation du site sur la longue durée et de reconstituer l'organisation locale de l'espace à l'époque maya. D'autre part, il a été pris pour hypothèse que l'analyse des formes contemporaines de colonisation pouvait aider, sur la base de la méthode régressive, à reconstituer les logiques agraires passées. Les premières recherches menées dans le nord-ouest du Petén livrent des résultats inattendus et relativement contradictoires. D'un côté, la corrélation entre les études sur les dynamiques c…
Métallurgie et histoire de l'environnement au cours des cinq derniers millénaires en pays basque nord (vallée de Baigorri, Pyrénées Atlantiques, France) : résultats préliminaires d'une approche interdisciplinaire
National audience; Une recherche interdisciplinaire associant la palynologie et la géochimie a été réalisée dans une tourbière du Pays Basque, dans un secteur reconnu par l'archéologie comme étant un ancien centre minier. Ces différentes analyses ont permis de reconstituer des activités minières et métallurgiques et d'en évaluer l'impact sur la forêt au cours des cinq derniers millénaires.
La métallurgie du fer au Pays Basque durant l'Antiquité. Etat des connaissances dans la vallée de Baigorri (Pyrénées-Atlantiques)
A study of the ancient metallurgy of iron was committed in the Basque Country, in the Baigorri valley, a rich sector whose resources were exploited before Antiquity and sometimes until the century XXth. The prospecting and the investigations undertaken revealed the existence of two mining and metallurgical districts. Their chronology is attested between the end of the Iron age and the century IVth p.C. The mines, the coal-scuttles and the métallurgie sites of the two centres of production were identified, while four workshops of reduction were the subject of a particular archaeological study. These results were confronted with the environmental data resulting from the palynological and geoc…
Environmental impact of early palaeometallurgy: pollen and geochemical analysis
International audience
Quel statut pour les espaces de montagne durant l'âge du Bronze ? Regards croisés sur les approches société-environnement dans les Pyrénées occidentales
After having been neglected for some time, mountain environments have now become an important research area for the study of anthropogenic impact on the environment and the interactions of societies with their environments. The recent development of several interdisciplinary programs in the Alps and in the Pyrenees reveals the interest and the scientific questions associated with these domains. In the Pyrenees, the work undertaken in the Basque Country illustrates the utility of the development of multidisciplinary research on a large scale, which is both diachronic and has a high resolution chronology. Combining environmental and archaeological data, allows us to present an image of popula…
Environmental impact of early Basque mining and smelting recorded in a high ash minerogenic peat deposit.
International audience; More than four metres of core, covering almost 5000 years of deposition, were collected in a high ash minerogenic peat deposit located in the High Aldudes valley (Basque country), an area well known for its mineral abundance, exploited from Roman Times at least.Although minerogenic peatlands are not generally considered as the best archives to reconstruct past atmospheric metal deposition history, lead isotopic geochemistry demonstrates the integrity of the Pb record at least within the three upper meters; that is to say over the last four millennia.Zn, Cd and Cumay have been widely redistributed either by biological cycling, advective groundwater movements, or diffu…