Polymer-supported molybdenyl thioglycolate as oxygen atom transfer reagent
Abstract Oxo-transfer reactions of a variety of substrates in DMF or methanol using polymer-supported molybdenyl thioglycolate (PSMT) have been investigated. The clean oxidation of Me 2 PhP, n -butanethiol or benzoin to yield Me 2 PhPO, disulfide or benzil, respectively, occurs in high yield. In the presence of air or pyridine N-oxide, a catalytic cycle is accomplished which goes on until the completion of the substrate.
Pesticide Inhalation Exposure of Applicators and Bystanders Using Conventional and Innovative Cropping Systems in the Valencian Region, Spain
This paper provides scientific results from a European LIFE project carried out in the Valencian region of Spain during the 2017 to 2018 time frame. In 2018, more than 60,000 tons of pesticides were commercialized in Spain, with approximately 15% destined for Valencian crops. In order to improve the air quality in the agricultural areas of this region, an innovative cropping system based on irrigation was developed and compared to conventional treatments based on hand-spray and turbo application. After applying conventional treatments to five types of crops (citrus, persimmon, nectarine, watermelon, and other stone fruits), a total of 13 active substances were detected in the air. The same …
Particle size distributions of currently used pesticides in ambient air of an agricultural Mediterranean area
This work presents first data on the particle size distribution of 16 pesticides currently used in Mediterranean agriculture in the atmosphere. Particulate matter air samples were collected using a cascade impactor distributed into four size fractions in a rural site of Valencia Region, during July to September in 2012 and from May to. July in 2013. A total of 16 pesticides were detected, including six fungicides, seven insecticides and three herbicides. The total concentrations in the particulate phase (TSP: Total Suspended Particulate) ranged from 3.5 to 383.1 pg m(-3). Most of the pesticides (such as carbendazim, tebuconazole, chlorpyrifos-ethyl and chlorpyrifos-methyl) were accumulated …