A Demonstrator for a new Axial PET Concept

In PET imaging, improving sensitivity while maintaining very good spatial resolution is crucial. To achieve this goal, we propose a novel concept of PET scanner, with axially arranged crystals, providing a high sensitivity and a 3D reconstruction of the gamma interaction point. The trans-axial coordinate is given by the crystal hit, while the z coordinate is reconstructed by the weighted distribution of light escaping the crystal and entering into an array of Wave Length Shifting (WLS) strips interleaving the crystal layers. This novel configuration allows full identification of Compton interactions in the crystals that can be included in image reconstruction thus enhancing the sensitivity.…

High Resolution Spectroscopy ofBΛ12by Electroproduction

An experiment measuring electroproduction of hypernuclei has been performed in Hall A at Jefferson Lab on a $^{12}$C target. In order to increase counting rates and provide unambiguous kaon identification two superconducting septum magnets and a Ring Imaging CHerenkov detector (RICH) were added to the Hall A standard equipment. An unprecedented energy resolution of less than 700 keV FWHM has been achieved. Thus, the observed \lam{12}{B} spectrum shows for the first time identifiable strength in the core-excited region between the ground-state {\it s}-wave $\Lambda$ peak and the 11 MeV {\it p}-wave $\Lambda$ peak.

Virtual Compton scattering and the generalized polarizabilities of the proton atQ2=0.92and 1.76 GeV2

Virtual Compton Scattering (VCS) on the proton has been studied at Jefferson Lab using the exclusive photon electroproduction reaction (e p --> e p gamma). This paper gives a detailed account of the analysis which has led to the determination of the structure functions P{sub LL}-P{sub TT}/epsilon and P{sub LT}, and the electric and magnetic generalized polarizabilities (GPs) alpha{sub E}(Q{sup 2}) and beta{sub M}(Q{sup 2}) at values of the four-momentum transfer squared Q{sup 2} = 0.92 and 1.76 GeV{sup 2}. These data, together with the results of VCS experiments at lower momenta, help building a coherent picture of the electric and magnetic GPs of the proton over the full measured Q{sup 2}-…

The AX-PET demonstrator—Design, construction and characterization

Abstract Axial PET is a novel geometrical concept for Positron Emission Tomography (PET), based on layers of long scintillating crystals axially aligned with the bore axis. The axial coordinate is obtained from arrays of wavelength shifting (WLS) plastic strips placed orthogonally to the crystals. This article describes the design, construction and performance evaluation of a demonstrator set-up which consists of two identical detector modules, used in coincidence. Each module comprises 48 LYSO crystals of 100 mm length and 156 WLS strips. Crystals and strips are readout by Geiger-mode Avalanche Photo Diodes (G-APDs). The signals from the two modules are processed by fully analog front-end …

Hard Two-Photon Contribution to Elastic Lepton-Proton Scattering Determined by the OLYMPUS Experiment

The OLYMPUS collaboration reports on a precision measurement of the positron-proton to electron-proton elastic cross section ratio, $R_{2\gamma}$, a direct measure of the contribution of hard two-photon exchange to the elastic cross section. In the OLYMPUS measurement, 2.01~GeV electron and positron beams were directed through a hydrogen gas target internal to the DORIS storage ring at DESY. A toroidal magnetic spectrometer instrumented with drift chambers and time-of-flight scintillators detected elastically scattered leptons in coincidence with recoiling protons over a scattering angle range of $\approx 20\degree$ to $80\degree$. The relative luminosity between the two beam species was mo…

Performance of the AX-PET Demonstrator

The goal of the AX-PET project is to build and test a demonstrator for a high resolution, high sensitivity PET scanner, based on a novel geometrical concept of long axially oriented crystals. The demonstrator comprises two PET modules used in coincidence. The two modules have been constructed and characterized (both individually and in coincidence) in dedicated test setups, with point-like sources. Good performance in terms of energy, spatial and timing resolution have been demonstrated. First measurements with extended phantoms filled with FDG-radiotracers have been recently performed.

Spectroscopy of A=9 hyperlithium with the (e,e′K+) reaction

Measurement of azimuthal asymmetries associated with deeply virtual Compton scattering on a longitudinally polarized deuterium target

Azimuthal asymmetries in exclusive electroproduction of a real photon from a longitudinally polarized deuterium target are measured with respect to target polarization alone and with respect to target polarization combined with beam helicity and/or beam charge. The asymmetries appear in the distribution of the real photons in the azimuthal angle $\phi$ around the virtual photon direction, relative to the lepton scattering plane. The asymmetries arise from the deeply virtual Compton scattering process and its interference with the Bethe-Heitler process. The results for the beam-charge and beam-helicity asymmetries from a tensor polarized deuterium target with vanishing vector polarization ar…

Hypernuclear Spectroscopy at JLab Hall C

Abstract Since the 1st generation experiment, E89-009, which was successfully carried out as a pilot experiment of (e,e'K+) hypernuclear spectroscopy at JLab Hall C in 2000, precision hypernuclear spectroscopy by the (e,e'K+) reactions made considerable progress. It has evolved to the 2nd generation experiment, E01-011, in which a newly constructed high resolution kaon spectrometer (HKS) was installed and the “Tilt method” was adopted in order to suppress large electromagnetic background and to run with high luminosity. Preliminary high-resolution spectra of 7 Λ He and 28 Λ Al together with that of 12 Λ B that achieved resolution better than 500 keV(FWHM) were obtained. The third generation…

High resolution spectroscopic study ofBeΛ10

Spectroscopy of a Be-10(Lambda) hypernucleus was carried out at JLab Hall C using the (e, e' K+) reaction. A new magnetic spectrometer system (SPL+ HES+ HKS), specifically designed for high resolution hypernuclear spectroscopy, was used to obtain an energy spectrum with a resolution of similar to 0.78 MeV (FWHM). The well-calibrated spectrometer system of the present experiment using p(e, e' K+)Lambda, Sigma(0) reactions allowed us to determine the energy levels; and the binding energy of the ground-state peak (mixture of 1(-) and 2(-) states) was found to be B-Lambda = 8.55 +/- 0.07(stat.) +/- 0.11(sys.) MeV. The result indicates that the ground-state energy is shallower than that of an em…

Development of a High Precision Axial 3-D PET for Brain Imaging

We describe a PET device based on a novel method to extract the coordinates of the interaction point of the 511keV γ rays from 100 mm long and thin LYSO (Lutetium Yttrium OxyorthoSilicate) scintillator bars, positioned axially in the tomograph. The coordinate along the hit crystal is measured by using a hodoscope of Wave Length Shifting (WLS) plastic strips mounted perpendicularly to each plane of scintillators. As photodetectors, new Geiger mode Avalanche PhotoDetectors (G-APDs) with integrated electronics are being used to detect both the hit crystal in a block (x and y coordinates) and the interaction point in the crystal (z coordinate) through the light escaping from the crystal and tra…

AX-PET: Concept, proof of principle and first results with phantoms

AX-PET is a novel PET concept based on long crystals axially arranged and orthogonal Wavelength shifter (WLS) strips, both individually readout by Geiger-mode Avalanche Photo Diodes (G-APD). Its design was conceived in order to reduce the parallax error and simultaneously improve spatial resolution and sensitivity. The assessment of the AX-PET concept and potential was carried out through a set of measurements comprising individual module characterizations and scans in coincidence mode of point-like and extended sources. The estimated energy and spatial resolutions from point-like measurements are R FWHM =11.6% (at 511 keV) and 1.7–1.9 mm (FWHM) respectively as measured with point-like sour…

Rosenbluth Separation of the π^{0} Electroproduction Cross Section.

We present deeply virtual $\pi^0$ electroproduction cross-section measurements at $x_B$=0.36 and three different $Q^2$--values ranging from 1.5 to 2 GeV$^2$, obtained from experiment E07-007 that ran in the Hall A at Jefferson Lab. The Rosenbluth technique was used to separate the longitudinal and transverse responses. Results demonstrate that the cross section is dominated by its transverse component, and thus is far from the asymptotic limit predicted by perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics. An indication of a non-zero longitudinal contribution is provided by the interference term $\sigma_{LT}$ also measured. Results are compared with several models based on the leading twist approach of G…

A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton

The internal structure of nucleons (protons and neutrons) remains one of the greatest outstanding problems in modern nuclear physics. By scattering high-energy electrons off a proton we are able to resolve its fundamental constituents and probe their momenta and positions. Here we investigate the dynamics of quarks and gluons inside nucleons using deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS)—a highly virtual photon scatters off the proton, which subsequently radiates a photon. DVCS interferes with the Bethe-Heitler (BH) process, where the photon is emitted by the electron rather than the proton. We report herein the full determination of the BH-DVCS interference by exploiting the distinct energ…

Experiments with the High Resolution Kaon Spectrometer at JLab Hall C and the new spectroscopy ofΛ12Bhypernuclei

Since the pioneering experiment E89-009 studying hypernuclear spectroscopy using the (e, e’K+) reaction was completed, two additional experiments, E01-011 and E05-115, were performed at Jefferson Lab. These later experiments used a modified experimental design, the "tilt method", to dramatically suppress the large electromagnetic background, and allowed for a substantial increase in luminosity. Additionally, a new kaon spectrometer, HKS (E01-011), a new electron spectrometer, HES, and a new splitting magnet (E05-115) were added to produce new data sets of precision, high-resolution hypernuclear spectroscopy. All three experiments obtained a spectrum for 12B-Lambda, which is the most charact…

New Measurements of the Transverse Beam Asymmetry for Elastic Electron Scattering from Selected Nuclei

We have measured the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry $A_n$ in the elastic scattering of 1-3 GeV transversely polarized electrons from $^1$H and for the first time from $^4$He, $^{12}$C, and $^{208}$Pb. For $^1$H, $^4$He and $^{12}$C, the measurements are in agreement with calculations that relate $A_n$ to the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange amplitude including inelastic intermediate states. Surprisingly, the $^{208}$Pb result is significantly smaller than the corresponding prediction using the same formalism. These results suggest that a systematic set of new $A_n$ measurements might emerge as a new and sensitive probe of the structure of heavy nuclei.

Measurement of the Charge-Averaged Elastic Lepton-Proton Scattering Cross Section by the OLYMPUS Experiment

Physical review letters 126(16), 162501 (1-6) (2021). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.162501

Spectroscopy of the neutron-rich hypernucleusHeΛ7from electron scattering

The missing mass spectroscopy of the HeΛ7 hypernucleus was performed using the Li7(e, e ′K+)HeΛ7 reaction at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Hall C. The Λ- binding energy of the ground-state (1/2+) was determined with a smaller error than that of the previous measurement, being BΛ=5.55±0.10stat.±0.11sys.MeV. The experiment also provided new insight into charge symmetry breaking in p-shell hypernuclear systems. Finally, a peak at BΛ=3.65±0.20stat. ±0.11sys.MeV was observed and assigned as a mixture of 3/2+ and 5/2+ states, confirming the "gluelike" behavior of Λ, which makes an unstable state in He6 stable against neutron emission.

Backward electroproduction ofπ0mesons on protons in the region of nucleon resonances at four momentum transfer squaredQ2=1.0GeV2

Exclusive electroproduction of pi{sup 0} mesons on protons in the backward hemisphere has been studied at Q2 = 1.0 GeV2 by detecting protons in the forward direction in coincidence with scattered electrons from the 4 GeV electron beam in Jefferson Lab's Hall A. The data span the range of the total (gamma*p) center-of-mass energy W from the pion production threshold to W = 2.0 GeV. The differential cross sections sigma{sub T} + epsilon sigma{sub L}, sigma{sub TL}, and sigma{sub TT} were separated from the azimuthal distribution and are presented together with the MAID and SAID parameterizations.

Rosenbluth separation of the $\pi^0$ Electroproduction Cross Section off the Neutron

We report the first longitudinal/transverse separation of the deeply virtual exclusive $\pi^0$ electroproduction cross section off the neutron and coherent deuteron. The corresponding four structure functions $d\sigma_L/dt$, $d\sigma_T/dt$, $d\sigma_{LT}/dt$ and $d\sigma_{TT}/dt$ are extracted as a function of the momentum transfer to the recoil system at $Q^2$=1.75 GeV$^2$ and $x_B$=0.36. The $ed \to ed\pi^0$ cross sections are found compatible with the small values expected from theoretical models. The $en \to en\pi^0$ cross sections show a dominance from the response to transversely polarized photons, and are in good agreement with calculations based on the transversity GPDs of the nucle…

The AX-PET Concept: New Developments And Tomographic Imaging

The Axial PET (AX-PET) concept proposes a novel detection geometry for PET, based on layers of long scintillating crystals axially aligned with the bore axis. Arrays of wavelength shifting (WLS) strips are placed orthogonally and underneath the crystal layers; both crystals and strips are individually readout by G-APDs. The axial coordinate is obtained from the WLS signals by means of a Center-of-Gravity method combined with a cluster algorithm. This design allows spatial resolution and sensitivity to be decoupled and thus simultaneously optimized. In this work we present the latest results obtained with the 2-module AX-PET scanner prototype, which consists of 6 radial layers of 8 LYSO crys…

Nuclear-mass dependence of azimuthal beam-helicity and beam-charge asymmetries in deeply virtual Compton scattering

The nuclear-mass dependence of azimuthal cross section asymmetries with respect to charge and longitudinal polarization of the lepton beam is studiedfor hard exclusive electroproduction of real photons. The observed beam-charge and beam-helicity asymmetries are attributed to the interference between the Bethe-Heitler and deeply virtual Compton scattering processes. For various nuclei, the asymmetries are extracted for both coherent and incoherent-enriched regions, which involve different (combinations of) generalized parton distributions. For both regions, the asymmetries are compared to those for a free proton, and no nuclear-mass dependence is found.

Virtual Compton Scattering and Neutral Pion Electroproduction in the Resonance Region up to the Deep Inelastic Region at Backward Angles

We have made the first measurements of the virtual Compton scattering (VCS) process via the H$(e,e'p)\gamma$ exclusive reaction in the nucleon resonance region, at backward angles. Results are presented for the $W$-dependence at fixed $Q^2=1$ GeV$^2$, and for the $Q^2$-dependence at fixed $W$ near 1.5 GeV. The VCS data show resonant structures in the first and second resonance regions. The observed $Q^2$-dependence is smooth. The measured ratio of H$(e,e'p)\gamma$ to H$(e,e'p)\pi^0$ cross sections emphasizes the different sensitivity of these two reactions to the various nucleon resonances. Finally, when compared to Real Compton Scattering (RCS) at high energy and large angles, our VCS data…

The OLYMPUS Experiment

Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research / A 741, 1 - 17 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.nima.2013.12.035

Deeply virtual compton scattering off the neutron.

The present experiment exploits the interference between the Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) and the Bethe-Heitler processes to extract the imaginary part of DVCS amplitudes on the neutron and on the deuteron from the helicity-dependent D$({\vec e},e'\gamma)X$ cross section measured at $Q^2$=1.9 GeV$^2$ and $x_B$=0.36. We extract a linear combination of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) particularly sensitive to $E_q$, the least constrained GPD. A model dependent constraint on the contribution of the up and down quarks to the nucleon spin is deduced.

Direct measurements of the lifetime of medium-heavy hypernuclei

Abstract The lifetime of a Λ particle embedded in a nucleus (hypernucleus) decreases from that of free Λ decay mainly due to the opening of the Λ N → N N weak decay channel. However, it is generally believed that the lifetime of a hypernucleus attains a constant value (saturation) for medium to heavy hypernuclear masses, yet this hypothesis has been difficult to verify. This paper presents a direct measurement of the lifetime of medium-heavy hypernuclei that were hyper-fragments produced by fission or break-up from heavy hypernuclei initially produced with a 2.34 GeV photon-beam incident on thin Fe, Cu, Ag, and Bi target foils. For each event, fragments were detected in coincident pairs by …

High Resolution Λ Hypernuclear Spectroscopy with Electron Beams

T. Gogami1 ∗, P. Achenbach2, A. Ahmidouch3, I. Albayrak4, D. Androic5, A. Asaturyan6, R. Asaturyan6, O. Ates4, P. Baturin7, R. Badui7, W. Boeglin7, J. Bono7, E. Brash8, P. Carter8, C. Chen4, A. Chiba1, E. Christy4, S. Danagoulian3, R. De Leo10, D. Doi1, M. Elaasar11, R. Ent9, Y. Fujii1, M. Fujita1, M. Furic5, M. Gabrielyan7, L. Gan12, F. Garibaldi13, D. Gaskell9, A. Gasparian3, O. Hashimoto1, T. Horn9, B. Hu14, Ed. V. Hungerford21, M. Jones9, H. Kanda1, M. Kaneta1, S. Kato19, M. Kawai1, D. Kawama1, H. Khanal7, M. Kohl4, A. Liyanage4, W. Luo14, K. Maeda1, A. Margaryan6, P. Markowitz7, T. Maruta1, A. Matsumura1, V. Maxwell7, A. Mkrtchyan6, H. Mkrtchyan6, S. Nagao1, S. N. Nakamura1, A. Narayan…

A Monte-Carlo based model of the AX-PET demonstrator and its experimental validation

AX-PET is a novel PET detector based on axially oriented crystals and orthogonal wavelength shifter (WLS) strips, both individually read out by silicon photo-multipliers. Its design decouples sensitivity and spatial resolution, by reducing the parallax error due to the layered arrangement of the crystals. Additionally the granularity of AX-PET enhances the capability to track photons within the detector yielding a large fraction of inter-crystal scatter events. These events, if properly processed, can be included in the reconstruction stage further increasing the sensitivity. Its unique features require dedicated Monte-Carlo simulations, enabling the development of the device, interpreting …

Spectroscopy ofLiΛ9by electroproduction

Background: In the absence of accurate data on the free two-body hyperon-nucleon interaction, the spectra of hypernuclei provides information on the details of the effective hyperon-nucleon interaction.Purpose: To obtain a high-resolution binding-energy spectrum for the ${}^{9}\mathrm{Be}(e,{e}^{\ensuremath{'}}{K}^{+})_{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{9}\mathrm{Li}$ reaction.Method: Electroproduction of the hypernucleus $_{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{9}\mathrm{Li}$ has been studied for the first time with sub-MeV energy resolution in Hall A at Jefferson Lab on a $^{9}\mathrm{Be}$ target. In order to increase the counting rate and to provide unambiguous kaon identification, two superconducting septum magn…

Measurement of double-polarization asymmetries in the quasi-elastic Process

We report on a precise measurement of double-polarization asymmetries in electron-induced breakup of He3 proceeding to pd and ppn final states, performed in quasi-elastic kinematics at Q2=0.25(GeV/c)2 for missing momenta up to 250MeV/c. These observables represent highly sensitive tools to investigate the electromagnetic and spin structure of He3 and the relative importance of two- and three-body effects involved in the breakup reaction dynamics. The measured asymmetries cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by state-of-the-art calculations of He3 unless their three-body segment is adjusted, indicating that the spin-dependent part of the nuclear interaction governing the three-body breakup pr…

AX-PET: A novel PET detector concept with full 3D reconstruction

We describe the concept and first experimental tests of a novel 3D axial Positron Emission Tomography (PET) geometry. It allows for a new way of measuring the interaction point in the detector with very high precision. It is based on a matrix of long Lutetium-Yttrium OxyorthoSilicate (LYSO) crystals oriented in the axial direction, each coupled to one Geiger Mode Avalanche Photodiode (G-APD) array. To derive the axial coordinate, Wave Length Shifter (WLS) strips are mounted orthogonally and interleaved between the crystals. The light from the WLS strips is read by custom-made G-APDs. The weighted mean of the signals in the WLS strips has proven to give very precise axial resolution. The ach…

Long axial crystals for PET applications: The AX-PET demonstrator and beyond

The usage of long, axially oriented scintillator crystals in a PET scanner has been shown by the AX-PET Demonstrator as a possible solution for a high resolution and high sensitivity PET detector. In the AX-PET implementation, arrays of wavelength shifting (WLS) strips, placed orthogonally behind every crystal layer, are used to define the axial coordinate. After extensive characterization measurements, the AX-PET Demonstrator has been successfully used for the reconstruction of several phantoms and a few rodents. Possible extensions of the AX-PET concept towards Time Of Flight capabilities have been investigated, using Philips digital SiPMs as alternative photodetector. Promising CRT value…

AX-PET: A novel PET concept with G-APD readout

Abstract The AX-PET collaboration has developed a novel concept for high resolution PET imaging to overcome some of the performance limitations of classical PET cameras, in particular the compromise between spatial resolution and sensitivity introduced by the parallax error. The detector consists of an arrangement of long LYSO scintillating crystals axially oriented around the field of view together with arrays of wave length shifter strips orthogonal to the crystals. This matrix allows a precise 3D measurement of the photon interaction point. This is valid both for photoelectric absorption at 511 keV and for Compton scattering down to deposited energies of about 100 keV. Crystals and WLS s…

"Table 28" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity dependent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 36" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity dependent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 17" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity independent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 40" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity independent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 39" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity independent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 9" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity independent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 22" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity dependent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 31" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity independent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 34" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity dependent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 33" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity independent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 6" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity dependent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 11" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity independent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 37" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity independent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 29" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity independent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 1" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity independent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 21" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity independent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 25" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity independent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 2" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity dependent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 32" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity dependent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 5" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity independent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 16" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity dependent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 24" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity dependent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 23" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity independent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 14" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity dependent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 26" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity dependent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 20" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity dependent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 8" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity dependent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 10" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity dependent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 13" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity independent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 27" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity independent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 38" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity independent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 35" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity independent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 15" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity independent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 30" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity dependent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 19" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity independent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 12" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity dependent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 4" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity dependent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 3" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity independent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 18" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity dependent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.

"Table 7" of "A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton"

Beam helicity independent cross sections. The first systematic uncertainty is the combined correlated systematic uncertainty, the second is the point-to-point systematic uncertainty to add quadratically to the statistical uncertainty.