Analytical Study of Raw Materials of Zinc Oxide Used for Enamels on Industrial Ceramics: Quantitative Analysis of Zinc, Lead, and Sulfur in These Samples by X‐ray Fluorescence and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Abstract An analytical study is carried out to optimize X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) quantitative analysis of Zn, Pb, and S in ZnO samples commonly used to obtain industrial ceramic enamels. Pb and S in the raw materials often contaminate ZnO and are very detrimental in industrial applications. Thus, very accurate analytical determination of these elements in ceramic samples is extremely important. First of all, a mineralogical study by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) on the different components in these raw materials and the materials produced during the firing process is performed in order to establish the mineral forms in a reference sample for analysi…