0000000000430095
AUTHOR
Gianni Liti
Additional file 7: Figure S5. of The genetic architecture of low-temperature adaptation in the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Outline of the construction of advanced intercross lines. We carried out a strategy that forces yeast cells through multiple rounds of random mating and sporulation to create advanced intercross lines (AILs). This step can improve genetic mapping in two ways: increasing resolution by reducing linkage and unlinking nearby QTLs. (PDF 168 kb)
Additional file 3: Figure S2. of The genetic architecture of low-temperature adaptation in the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Workflow of populations’ selection and sequencing. Cells were grown in complete media (YPD) and synthetic must (SM), and were incubated at either optimum temperature (28 °C) or low temperature (15 °C) until the stationary phase was reached. At this time, the volume required to inoculate at an OD of 0.2 was re-inoculated into 60 mL of fresh medium. The experiment was carried out 8 times after which the selected populations were analyzed and sequenced. (PDF 43 kb)
Differential Gene Expression and Allele Frequency Changes Favour Adaptation of a Heterogeneous Yeast Population to Nitrogen-Limited Fermentations
Alcoholic fermentation is fundamentally an adaptation process, in which the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae outperforms its competitors and takes over the fermentation process itself. Although wine yeast strains appear to be adapted to the stressful conditions of alcoholic fermentation, nitrogen limitations in grape must cause stuck or slow fermentations, generating significant economic losses for the wine industry. One way to discover the genetic bases that promote yeast adaptation to nitrogen-deficient environments are selection experiments, where a yeast population undergoes selection under conditions of nitrogen restriction for a number of generations, to then identify by sequencing the …
The genetic architecture of low-temperature adaptation in the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
[Background] Low-temperature growth and fermentation of wine yeast can enhance wine aroma and make them highly desirable traits for the industry. Elucidating response to cold in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is, therefore, of paramount importance to select or genetically improve new wine strains. As most enological traits of industrial importance in yeasts, adaptation to low temperature is a polygenic trait regulated by many interacting loci.
Additional file 5: Figure S4. of The genetic architecture of low-temperature adaptation in the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
QTL analysis for low-temperature adaptation. The figure shows the allele frequency change of the selected pools at YPD 15 °C (purple), SM 15 °C (pink) and SM 28 °C (blue) compared with the unselected population. QTLs are indicated at the corresponding positions with red (YPD 15 °C), green (SM 15 °C) and orange triangles (SM 28 °C). (PDF 70 kb)
The era of reference genomes in conservation genomics
Progress in genome sequencing now enables the large-scale generation of reference genomes. Various international initiatives aim to generate reference genomes representing global biodiversity. These genomes provide unique insights into genomic diversity and architecture, thereby enabling comprehensive analyses of population and functional genomics, and are expected to revolutionize conservation genomics.
Additional file 2: Figure S1. of The genetic architecture of low-temperature adaptation in the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Distribution of private nonsynonymous SNPs in P5 and P24 compared to S288c. An external circle indicates P24 and an internal circle indicates P5. Homozygous changes are colored in green, while heterozygous changes are marked in red. (PDF 243 kb)
Additional file 4: Figure S3. of The genetic architecture of low-temperature adaptation in the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Hybrid population phenotyping after the selection experiment compared with the unselected F13 population using the opposite temperature to that used during the selection process (nonspecific improvement). The selected population (SP) in the YPD medium (A) and synthetic must (SM) (C) at 15 °C. The selected population (SP) in YPD (B) and SM (D) at 28 °C. Box plot represents μmax distribution in each population and the black bar inside the box represents the mean value. *Significant differences in the SP compared with the F13. (PDF 66 kb)
Additional file 6: Table S2. of The genetic architecture of low-temperature adaptation in the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
List of genes used in the RH analysis with the BY4741 strain that are present in the subtelomeric regions and are not essential. (XLSX 13 kb)
Additional file 1: Table S1. of The genetic architecture of low-temperature adaptation in the wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Genomic comparison among strains. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) population distribution. SNPs were classified according to genome localization and change in protein sequence (nonsynonymous variant). (XLSX 5469 kb)