0000000000448338

AUTHOR

Beth Shapiro

showing 3 related works from this author

Early cave art and ancient DNA record the origin of European bison

2016

The two living species of bison (European and American) are among the few terrestrial megafauna to have survived the late Pleistocene extinctions. Despite the extensive bovid fossil record in Eurasia, the evolutionary history of the European bison (or wisent, Bison bonasus) before the Holocene (<11.7 thousand years ago (kya)) remains a mystery. We use complete ancient mitochondrial genomes and genome-wide nuclear DNA surveys to reveal that the wisent is the product of hybridization between the extinct steppe bison (Bison priscus) and ancestors of modern cattle (aurochs, Bos primigenius) before 120 kya, and contains up to 10% aurochs genomic ancestry. Although undetected within the fossil re…

0301 basic medicineGeneral Physics and AstronomymegafaunaBison priscusMegafaunahybridizationBison bonasusComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSHolocenePhylogenyMultidisciplinarygeography.geographical_feature_categoryGenomebiologyBisonFossilsQAmerican Bisonfossil recordMitochondrialPleistoceneEuropeCavesvisual_artSequence Analysis[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and PrehistoryPleistoceneEvolutionLife on LandScienceBison Pleistocene fossil record mitochondrial genome hybridizationSocio-culturaleZoologySteppe bisonDNA MitochondrialArticleGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyAncientEvolution Molecular03 medical and health sciencesPaleontologyCaveGeneticsPleistocene extinctionsAnimalsDNA Ancientvisual_art.artworkCell NucleusgeographyHuman GenomeMolecularSequence Analysis DNAGeneral ChemistryDNAAurochsbiology.organism_classificationEurpoean BisonBos primigenius030104 developmental biologyAncient DNAmitochondrial genomeAmerican bisonGenome MitochondrialCommentaryCattlePaintings
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Tracking Five Millennia of Horse Management with Extensive Ancient Genome Time Series

2019

Summary Horse domestication revolutionized warfare and accelerated travel, trade, and the geographic expansion of languages. Here, we present the largest DNA time series for a non-human organism to date, including genome-scale data from 149 ancient animals and 129 ancient genomes (≥1-fold coverage), 87 of which are new. This extensive dataset allows us to assess the modern legacy of past equestrian civilizations. We find that two extinct horse lineages existed during early domestication, one at the far western (Iberia) and the other at the far eastern range (Siberia) of Eurasia. None of these contributed significantly to modern diversity. We show that the influence of Persian-related horse …

MaleRange (biology)BiologíaBreeding horsesBreedingGenomeDomestication0302 clinical medicinePaleobiologíaComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUSHistory AncientPhylogenyhorses0303 health sciencesDiversityGenomeAncient DNAanimal breedingBiological EvolutionmuleshumanitiesManagementEuropeDomestication animalEquestrian civilizationsEthnologyFemalemanagementequestrian civilizationsExtinct lineagesAsia[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and PrehistoryselectionMultiple allelesCaballosBiologyMulesArticleGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biologydiversity03 medical and health sciencesdomesticationCaballo de Przewalskiddc:570[SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN]AnimalsGenetic variationHorsesDNA AncientDomesticationSelectionancient DNAInstitut für Biochemie und Biologie030304 developmental biologyAnimal breedingSeries (stratigraphy)Genetic diversityGenetic VariationEquidaeGenéticaextinct lineagesAncient DNAdomestication ; selection ; equestrian civilizations ; horses ; ancient DNA ; mules ; animal breeding ; extinct lineages ; management ; diversityAnálisisancient DNA ; domestication ; animal breeding ; horses ; mules ; extinct lineages ; selection ; diversity ; management ; equestrian civilizations030217 neurology & neurosurgery
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Phylogeography of lions (Panthera leossp.) reveals three distinct taxa and a late Pleistocene reduction in genetic diversity

2009

Lions were the most widespread carnivores in the late Pleistocene, ranging from southern Africa to the southern USA, but little is known about the evolutionary relationships among these Pleistocene populations or the dynamics that led to their extinction. Using ancient DNA techniques, we obtained mitochondrial sequences from 52 individuals sampled across the present and former range of lions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three distinct clusters: (i) modern lions, Panthera leo; (ii) extinct Pleistocene cave lions, which formed a homogeneous population extending from Europe across Beringia (Siberia, Alaska and western Canada); and (iii) extinct American lions, which formed a separate popula…

LionsPleistocenePopulationcave lionDNA MitochondrialBeringiaEvolution MolecularmegafaunaSpecies SpecificityMegafaunaAmerican lionbiology.animalGeneticsAnimalseducationancient DNAPhylogenyEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsPanthera leo spelaeaeducation.field_of_studyBeringiaGeographybiologyextinctionFossilsEcologyGenetic VariationSequence Analysis DNAsocial sciencesbiology.organism_classificationhumanitiesAmerican lionPhylogeographyGenetics PopulationPantheraMolecular Ecology
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