0000000000553446
AUTHOR
G. Magnano Di San Lio
First Report of Phytophthora palmivora on Grevillea spp. in Italy.
The genus Grevillea (family Proteaceae) comprises over 300 species and is a popular and widely cultivated group of Australian plants. In the last 3 years, numerous potted grevilleas with symptoms of decline associated with a rot of feeder roots were found in ornamental nurseries in Sicily. Aboveground symptoms were reduced growth, yellowing of foliage, wilt, dieback, and death of the entire plant. The disease was observed on many commercial cultivars and was especially severe on G. alpina (mountain grevillea), G. juniperina (juniper-leaf grevillea), G. lavandulacea (lavender grevillea), and G. rosmarinifolia (rosemary grevillea) as well as the hybrid cultivars Clearview David (G. lavandula…
Identification of Phytophthora species infecting citrus in Vietnam
In a survey aimed at identifying Phytophthora species infecting fruit crops in Viet Nam, P. citrophthora and P. nicotianae were the species most commonly recovered from soil and trees in citrus plantations. P. nicotianae was prevalent in citrus groves in the Ben Tre and Tien Giang provinces (southern Viet Nam). Interestingly, both A1 and A2 mating types of the latter species were found, while in other citrus-growing areas of the world, such as the Mediterranean region, South Africa, Australia and the Americas, A1 is the only mating type occurring in citrus groves, suggesting southern-east Asia could be a centre of origin of this Phytophthora species. Mixed infections of three Phytophthora s…
Il marciume radicale da Phytophthora nei vivai di piante ornamentali.
Root and Foot Rot of Lantana Caused by Phytophthora cryptogea
Lantana (Lantana camara L.) is an evergreen shrub in the Verbenaceae. In some countries, this plant has been declared a noxious weed. However, a number of sterile or near-sterile forms are cultivated as attractive flowered potted and garden plants. In early spring 2004, ≈4,000 potted, small trees of lantana grown in a screenhouse in a commercial nursery of ornamentals near Giarre, Sicily, showed symptoms of chlorosis, defoliation, and sudden collapse of the entire plant. These aboveground symptoms were associated with a reduced root system, rot of feeder roots, and brown discoloration of the base of the stem. A Phytophthora sp. was isolated consistently from roots and basal stems of sympto…
CHARACTERIZATION OF COLLETOTRICHUM SPECIES CAUSING OLIVE ANTHRACNOSE IN ITALY
Bud and heart rot of fox tail Agave (Agave attenuata) caused by Phytophthora asparagi
Race 1,2y of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis on Muskmelon in Sicily
Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) is very important economically to agriculture in Italy. The Sicily area accounts for ≈40% of the total muskmelon production. Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (Leach & Currence) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hans. is the most prevalent and damaging disease of muskmelon in Sicily. Use of cultivars with major resistance genes, Fom 1 and Fom 2, is the most effective control measure for combating the disease. During March 1999, severe infections of Fusarium wilt were noted in a commercial muskmelon crop, cv. Firmo F1, grown in plastic tunnels in Syracuse Province (eastern Sicily). The muskmelon seedlings had been transplanted into the tunnels du…
Efficacy of the fungicide valiphenal against crown rot of rose caused by Phytophthora citrophthora
Crown and root rot caused by soilborne species of Phytophthora are common diseases of container-grown ornamental plants in nursery. Crown rot of Rose caused by P. citrophthora has been recently reported in Sicily (southern Italy). Valiphenal (IR 5885) is a systemic dipeptide fungicide of the valinamide class of compounds and is active against Oomycetes. This new fungicide is under development by the italian agrochemical company ISAGRO against powdery mildews of grapevine, potatoes and vegetables. In this study, the efficacy of Valiphenal and other experimental active ingredients was tested for the first time against crown rot of Rose. Phosetyl-Al (Aliette) was used as a reference product. M…
Il caso delle palme
Diversity of vegetative compatibility and mating types in Cryphonectria parasitica populations from Calabria
Collar and root rot of olive trees caused by Phytophthora megasperma in Sicily
Olive (Olea europea L.) is grown on about 154,000 ha in Sicily (southern Italy). In the summer of 1999, a few 3-year-old olive trees with decline symptoms were observed in a recently planted commercial orchard in the Enna province (Sicily). The trees were propagated on wild olive (O. europea L. var. sylvestris Brot.) rootstock. Aerial symptoms, consisting of leaf chlorosis, wilting, defoliation, and twig dieback followed in most cases by plant death, were associated with root rot and basal stem cankers. A Phytophthora sp. was consistently isolated from rotted rootlets and trunk cankers using the BNPRAH (benomyl, nystatin, pentachloronitrobenzene, rifampicin, ampicillin, and hymexazol) sele…
Characterisation of Cryphonectria parasitica populations in southern Italy
First Report of Phytophthora spp. as Pathogens of Pandorea jasminoides in Italy
In the summer of 2005, approximately 5% of a nursery stock of 12-month-old potted plants of bower vine (Pandorea jasminoides (Lindl.) K. Schum.) in Sicily (Italy) showed wilt, leaf chlorosis, defoliation, root rot, and collapse of the entire plant. Three Phytophthora spp. (20, 50, and 30% of the isolations of the first, second, and third species, respectively) were isolated from rotted roots on BNPRAH selective medium (2). Single-hypha isolates of the first species formed petaloid colonies on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and had an optimum growth temperature of 25°C (9.3 mm/day); on V8 juice agar, they produced uni- and bipapillate, ovoid to limoniform sporangia with mean dimensions of 45 × …
Wilt and Collapse of Cuphea ignea Caused by Phytophthora tropicalis in Italy.
The genus Cuphea (Lythraceae) includes approximately 250 species of annual, evergreen perennials and short shrubs native to Central and South America. During the springs of 2003 and 2004, 10% of the nursery stock of approximately 12,000 potted cigar-flowers (C. ignea A. DC) grown in a screenhouse at a commercial ornamental nursery near Piedimonte Etneo, Sicily, had symptoms of wilt, defoliation, and rapid collapse of the entire plant. These foliar symptoms were associated with a reduced root system, browning of the collar, and dark brown discolored roots. A Phytophthora species was consistently recovered by plating small pieces of rotted roots of symptomatic plants onto selective medium (3…
Efficacia del Valifenalate contro specie terricole di Phytophthora patogene di piante ornamentali
I risultati confermano che il valifenalate su piante erbacee e arbustive è un prodotto sistemico e dimostrano che questo p.a., proposto come antiperonosporico, può essere efficace anche contro i marciumi radicali di piante ornamentali causate da specie terricole di Phytophthora.
First report of brown rot and wilt of fennel caused by Phytophthora megasperma in Italy
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. azoricum (Mill.) Thell.) in the Apiaceae family is native to southern Europe and southwestern Asia. It is an economically important crop in Italy that produces approximately 85% of all fennel worldwide. The main producing regions are Apulia, Campania, Latium, and Calabria. During the late winter of 2004 in the Crotone Province of the Calabria Region, following heavy rains, patches of fennel plants with symptoms of brown, soft rot of the bulb-like structure formed by the thickened leaf bases, development of yellow leaves, stunting, and wilting of the entire plant were observed in fields. A homothallic Phytophthora sp. was isolated consistently from the …
Il marciume radicale da Phytophthora: un problema emergente nei vivai di piante ornamentali
First report of neofusicoccum batangarum as causal agent of scabby cankers of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) in minor islands of sicily
Cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica, Cactaceae), native to Mexico, is a multipurpose crop. About 90% of Italian production of cactus pear fruit is from Sicily. In 2013, a disease of cactus pear was noticed in minor islands of Sicily, Lampedusa and Linosa (Pelagie archipelago), Favignana (Aegadian archipelago), and Ustica, where cactus pear is grown as living fences. Symptoms were on flattened stems functioning as leaves (cladodes) and included radially expanding cankers, up to 20 cm in diameter, concentric, crusty, silvery areas, with minute, black dots (pycnidia erumpent from epidermis) and a leathery, brown halo. A milky to buff colored exudate, caking on contact with air, oozed from active…