Imbalance of immunological synapse-kinapse states reflects tumor escape to immunity in glioblastoma
Since the proper activation of T cells requires the physical interaction with target cells through the formation of immunological synapses (IS), an alteration at this level could be a reason why tumors escape the immune response. As part of their life cycle, it is thought that T cells alternate between a static phase, the IS, and a dynamic phase, the immunological kinapse (IK), depending on high or low antigen sensing. Our investigation performed in tissue samples of human glioma shows that T cells are able to establish synapsing interactions not only with glioma tumorigenic cells, but also with stromal myeloid cells. Particularly, the IS displaying a T cell receptor-rich (TCR-rich) central…
Neuroprotection of lipoic acid treatment promotes angiogenesis and reduces the glial scar formation after brain injury
After trauma brain injury, a large number of cells die, releasing neurotoxic chemicals into the extracellular medium, decreasing cellular glutathione levels and increasing reactive oxygen species that affect cell survival and provoke an enlargement of the initial lesion. Alpha-lipoic acid is a potent antioxidant commonly used as a treatment of many degenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis or diabetic neuropathy. Herein, the antioxidant effects of lipoic acid treatment after brain cryo-injury in rat have been studied, as well as cell survival, proliferation in the injured area, gliogenesis and angiogenesis. Thus, it is shown that newborn cells, mostly corresponded with blood vessels …
[Transphenoidal endoscopic approaches for pituitary adenomas: a critical review of our experience].
Abstract Background The surgical approach to the pituitary fossae has evolved from transcranial to sublabial and transseptal microscopic ones, up to the current transsphenoidal endoscopic approach. Objectives To present our experience in the transnasal transsphenoidal approach for pituitary adenomas and the modifications introduced to improve tumoral resection and to lower iatrogenia. Material and methods Over nine years, we operated on 37 patients with pituitary adenomas using the transsphenoidal endoscopic approach. We utilised optical lens of 0° (approach) and 30° (adenoma resection), optic navigator, surgical instruments for nasal endoscopic and pituitary surgery. During the neurosurgic…
Abordajes transesfenoidales endoscópicos de los adenomas hipofisarios: una revisión crítica de nuestra experiencia
Resumen Introduccion El abordaje quirurgico de la region hipofisaria ha evolucionado desde las vias transcraneales, a las sublabiales y transseptales microscopicas hasta los abordajes endoscopicos actuales. Objetivos El objetivo de este trabajo es exponer y reflexionar sobre nuestra experiencia en el abordaje transnasal transesfenoidal endoscopico de los tumores hipofisarios, con las modificaciones que hemos introducido para mejorar la exeresis del tumor y disminuir la iatrogenia. Material y metodos A lo largo de 9 anos hemos intervenido a 37 pacientes afectos de adenomas hipofisarios mediante abordaje transesfenoidal endoscopico. Utilizamos lentes de 0 y 30 grados, navegador optico, instru…