O20 Rôle de l’Acyl-CoA Binding Protein dans le contrôle hypothalamique de la balance énergétique

Rationnel Le controle de la balance energetique repose sur la detection de signaux metaboliques incluant les acides gras a longue chaine (AGLC) par l'hypothalamus medio-basal (HMB). Les AGLC agissent dans l'HMB pour inhiber la prise alimentaire et la production de glucose, cependant les voies metaboliques et types cellulaires impliques ne sont pas connus. Acyl-CoA Binding Protein (ACBP) est une proteine intracellulaire liant les AGLC-CoA et controlant leur metabolisme en peripherie. Dans le cerveau, ACBP est connu comme Diazepam Binding Inhibitor, un peptide secrete et clive en octadecaneuropeptide (ODN). L'administration centrale d'ODN exerce une action anxiogene et anorexigene. Cependant,…

The gliotransmitter ACBP controls feeding and energy homeostasis via the melanocortin system

International audience; Glial cells have emerged as key players in the central control of energy balance and etiology of obesity. Astrocytes play a central role in neural communication via the release of gliotransmitters. Acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP)-derived endozepines are secreted peptides that modulate the GABAA receptor. In the hypothalamus, ACBP is enriched in arcuate nucleus (ARC) astrocytes, ependymocytes and tanycytes. Central administration of the endozepine octadecaneuropeptide (ODN) reduces feeding and improves glucose tolerance, yet the contribution of endogenous ACBP in energy homeostasis is unknown. We demonstrated that ACBP deletion in GFAP+ astrocytes, but not in Nkx2.1-l…

P185 Canaux TRPC3: nouveau mécanisme impliqué dans la sensibilité hypothalamique au glucose et le contrôle de l’homéostasie énergétique

Introduction L’hypothalamus medio-basal (MBH) renferme des neurones gluco-excites impliques dans le controle de l’homeostasie glucidique. Neanmoins, les mecanismes mis en jeu dans la reponse au glucose de ces neurones sont inconnus mis a part des donnees preliminaires montrant l’implication d’especes actives de l’oxygene (EAOs). Certains canaux de la famille des « transient receptor potential-canonical ° » (TRPC), qui presentent une conductance ionique observee dans les neurones gluco-excites, sont directement modules par les EAOs. Nous avons emis l’hypothese qu’une voie de signalisation EAOs-TRPC-dependante est impliquee dans la reponse au glucose des neurones gluco-excites hypothalamiques…

Détection cérébrale du glucose, plasticité neuronale et métabolisme énergétique

Resume L’apport d’energie est, dans la plupart des cas extremement, bien controle et est ajuste aux depenses d’energie d’un individu donne, c’est ce que l’on nomme l’homeostasie energetique. Cet equilibre repose en grande partie sur la capacite du systeme nerveux central a evaluer le statut energetique de l’organisme, en integrant differents signaux provenant de la peripherie dont le glucose. Cette revue porte sur les decouvertes recentes concernant l’identification des differents mecanismes cellulaires et moleculaires, des types cellulaires et de leur phenotype, des reseaux neuronaux et de leur plasticite. Ainsi il est maintenant etabli qu’il existe differents types de neurones repondant, …

Involvement of reactive oxygen species and TRP channels in glucose sensitivity of hypothalamic neuron

Involvement of reactive oxygen species in glucose sensitivity of hypothalamic neuron

Hypothalamic Astroglial Connexins are Required for Brain Glucose Sensing-Induced Insulin Secretion

Supplementary Information accompanies the paper on the Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism website; Hypothalamic glucose detection participates in maintaining glycemic balance, food intake, and thermogenesis. Although hypothalamic neurons are the executive cells involved in these responses, there is increasing evidence that astrocytes participate in glucose sensing (GS); however, it is unknown whether astroglial networking is required for glucose sensitivity. Astroglial connexins 30 and 43 (Cx30 and Cx43) form hexameric channels, which are apposed in gap junctions, allowing for the intercellular transfer of small molecules such as glucose throughout the astroglial networks. Here, we…

Defective insulin secretory response to intravenous glucose in C57Bl/6J compared to C57Bl/6N mice

Objective: The C57Bl/6J (Bl/6J) mouse is the most widely used strain in metabolic research. This strain carries a mutation in nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt), a mitochondrial enzyme involved in NADPH production, which has been suggested to lead to glucose intolerance and beta-cell dysfunction. However, recent reports comparing Bl/6J to Bl/6N (carrying the wild-type Nnt allele) under normal diet have led to conflicting results using glucose tolerance tests. Thus, we assessed glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), insulin sensitivity, clearance and central glucose-induced insulin secretion in Bl/6J and N mice using gold-standard methodologies. Methods: GSIS was measured u…

Glucose excites hypothalamic neurons through the activation of Transient Receptor Potential Canonical (TRPC) channels

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Alteration of hypothalamic glucose and lactate sensing in 48h hyperglycemic rats.

International audience; Hypothalamic detection of nutrients is involved in the control of energy metabolism and is altered in metabolic disorders. Although hypothalamic detection of blood lactate lowers hepatic glucose production and food intake, it is unknown whether it also modulates insulin secretion. To address this, a lactate injection via the right carotid artery (cephalad) was performed in Wistar rats. This triggered a transient increase in insulin secretion. Rats made hyperglycemic for 48h exhibited prolonged insulin secretion in response to a glucose injection via the carotid artery, but lactate injection induced two types of responses: half of the HG rats showed no difference comp…

Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 3 (TRPC3) Channels Are Required for Hypothalamic Glucose Detection and Energy Homeostasis

Fil: Chrétien, Chloé. University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation; France Fil: Fenech, Claire. University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation; France Fil: Liénard, Fabienne. University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation; France Fil: Grall, Sylvie. University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation; France Fil: Chevalier, Charlène. University of …