A Comparative Analysis of Aerosol Microphysical, Optical and Radiative Properties during the Spring Festival Holiday over Beijing and Surrounding Reg…

2018

ABSTRACT Using ground-based data, meteorological observations, and atmospheric environmental monitoring data, a comparative analysis of the microphysical and optical properties, and radiative forcing of aerosols was conducted between three stations in different developed environments during a severe air pollution episode during the Spring Festival over Beijing. During the most polluted period, the daily peak values of the aerosol optical depth were ~1.62, ~1.73, and ~0.74, which were about 2.6, 2.9, and 2.1 times higher than the background levels at the CAMS, Xianghe, and Shangdianzi sites, respectively. The daily peak values of the single scattering albedo were ~0.95, ~0.96, and ~0.87. The…

Group-specific quantification of methanotrophs in landfill gas-purged laboratory biofilters by tyramide signal amplification-fluorescence in situ hyb…

2008

The aim of this study was to quantitatively analyse methanotrophs in two laboratory landfill biofilters at different biofilter depths and at temperatures which mimicked the boreal climatic conditions. Both biofilters were dominated by type I methanotrophs. The biofilter depth profiles showed that type I methanotrophs occurred in the upper layer, where relatively high O(2) and low CH(4) concentrations were present, whereas type II methanotrophs were mostly distributed in the zone with high CH(4) and low O(2) concentrations. The number of type I methanotrophic cells declined when the temperature was raised from 15 degrees C to 23 degrees C, but increased when lowered to 5 degrees C. A slight …

Production and characterization of the recombinant Sphingomonas chlorophenolica pentachlorophenol 4-monooxygenase.

2001

Abstract Pentachlorophenol 4-monooxygenase (PCP4MO) from Sphingomonas chlorophenolica is a flavoprotein that hydroxylates PCP in the presence of NADPH and oxygen. In order to investigate the structure and function of active site, recombinant PCP4MO (rePCP4MO) was produced in Escherichia coli as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein. Moreover, a tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease cleavage site (EKLYFQG) was introduced into GST-PCP4MO and a his-tagged TEV protease was employed. Hence, a two-step purification protocol was developed which allowed obtaining 15–20 mg of rePCP4MO from 1 L culture. The rePCP4MO revealed identity with native enzyme by SDS–PAGE and N-terminal sequence analy…

Subcellular localization of pentachlorophenol 4-monooxygenase in Sphingobium chlorophenolicum ATCC 39723.

2002

Abstract We have studied the subcellular localization of pentachlorophenol 4-monooxygenase (PCP4MO) in Sphingobium chlorophenolicum ATCC 39723 during induction by pentachlorophenol (PCP). Using a monoclonal antibody CL6 specific to the native and recombinant PCP4MO, the enzyme was primarily found soluble as determined by immunoblot and ELISA analyses of cellular fractions. However, the enzyme was observed both in the soluble and membrane-bound forms during induction for 2–4 h, suggesting its translocation out from the cytoplasm. Electron microscopy confirmed that PCP4MO was predominantly present in the cytoplasm at 1 h, whereas at 4 h significant amount was detected also in the membrane and…

Early life stress is a risk factor for excessive alcohol drinking and impulsivity in adults and is mediated via a CRF/GABAA mechanism

2016

Childhood stress and trauma are associated with substance use disorders in adulthood, but the neurological changes that confer increased vulnerability are largely unknown. In this study, maternal separation (MS) stress, restricted to the pre-weaning period, was used as a model to study mechanisms of protracted effects of childhood stress/traumatic experiences on binge drinking and impulsivity. Using an operant self-administration model of binge drinking and a delay discounting assay to measure impulsive-like behavior, we report that early life stress due to MS facilitated acquisition of binge drinking and impulsivity during adulthood in rats. Previous studies have shown heightened levels of…

All-trans retinoic acid restores gap junctional intercellular communication between oral cancer cells with upregulation of Cx32 and Cx43 expressions …

2012

Objective: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been demonstrated to inhibit tumor growth by restoration of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) via upregulation of connexin (Cx) expression in some solid tumors. However, the relationship between ATRA and GJIC remains unclear in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ATRA on the GJIC function of OSCC. Study design: We measured the effects of ATRA on the viability and cell cycle distribution of SCC9 and Tca8113 OSCC cells. The GJIC function was observed using the scrape-loading dye transfer technique, and the mRNA and protein levels of Cx32 and Cx43 were detected by qRT-PCR, West…

Aerosol optical properties and instantaneous radiative forcing based on high temporospatial resolution CARSNET ground-based measurements over eastern…

2017

Abstract. Variations in the optical properties of aerosols and their radiative forcing were investigated based on long-term synchronous observations made at three-minute intervals from 2011 to 2015 over seven adjacent CARSNET (China Aerosol Remote Sensing NETwork) urban (Hangzhou), suburban (Xiaoshan, Fuyang, LinAn, Tonglu, Jiande) and rural (ChunAn) stations in the Yangtze River Delta region, eastern China. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) varied from 0.68 to 0.76, with two peaks in June and September, and decreased from the eastern coast to western inland areas. The ratio of the AOD of fine-mode particles to the total AOD was > 0.90 and the extinction Angström exponent was > 1.20 thr…

Correlation Analysis of Anti-Cardiolipin Antibody/D Dimer/C-Reactive Protein and Coronary Artery Lesions/Multiple-Organ Damage in Children With Kawas…

2021

Aim: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis with unknown etiology. In addition to cardiovascular system involvement, it can also have other multiple organs involved. This study is aimed at investigating the correlation between anti-cardiolipin antibody (ACA)/D dimer/C reactive protein (CRP) and coronary artery lesions (CAL)/multiple-organ lesions in children with KD.Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed in 284 KD/IKD patients from May 2015 to April 2016. Among them, 175 were males (61.6%), with average age of 2 years and 5 months old. Patients were divided into ACA+ group and ACA- group, elevated D dimer group (DDE) and normal D dimer group (DDN), and coronary artery injury …

Development of microbial populations in the anaerobic hydrolysis of grass silage for methane production

2010

Six batch leach bed (LB) reactors, installed in parallel and connected to a common upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, were fed with grass silage and operated at 35 (+/-1) degrees C. The development and distribution of microorganisms, which firmly and loosely attached to solid materials, and presented in the leachate in the LB reactors, were investigated by 16S rRNA gene-based terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and clone library analyses. The phylotypes and their relative abundance changed in the respective bacterial community throughout the 49-day run and showed differences between the communities. Large numbers of phylotypes were detected from day 10 onwards. On day 17…

The LIM Homeodomain Factor Lhx2 Is Required for Hypothalamic Tanycyte Specification and Differentiation

2014

Hypothalamic tanycytes, a radial glial-like ependymal cell population that expresses numerous genes selectively enriched in embryonic hypothalamic progenitors and adult neural stem cells, have recently been observed to serve as a source of adult-born neurons in the mammalian brain. The genetic mechanisms that regulate the specification and maintenance of tanycyte identity are unknown, but are critical for understanding how these cells can act as adult neural progenitor cells. We observe that LIM (Lin-11, Isl-1, Mec-3)-homeodomain geneLhx2is selectively expressed in hypothalamic progenitor cells and tanycytes. To test the function ofLhx2in tanycyte development, we used an intersectional gene…

Application of aerosol optical properties to estimate aerosol type from ground-based remote sensing observation at urban area of northeastern China

2015

Abstract Aerosol optical properties were derived from ground-based sunphotometer observations between 2009-2013 at three urban sites of Shenyang, Anshan, Fushun in northeastern China. The annual means for extinction aerosol optical depths (EAOD) at 500 nm were 0.57±0.38, 0.52±0.35, and 0.41±0.31 at Shenyang, Anshan, Fushun, respectively. The corresponding annual means for the extinction Angstrom exponents (EAE) computed for the wavelengths of 440 and 870 nm were 0.86±0.32, 0.86±0.34 and 0.91±0.35, respectively, indicating that urban area of Northeast China were affected by both coarse and fine particles. Hygroscopic growth in summer and incursions of dust aerosols in spring were evidently r…

Evidence for Natural Horizontal Transfer of the pcpB Gene in the Evolution of Polychlorophenol-Degrading Sphingomonads

2002

ABSTRACT The chlorophenol degradation pathway in Sphingobium chlorophenolicum is initiated by the pcpB gene product, pentachlorophenol-4-monooxygenase. The distribution of the gene was studied in a phylogenetically diverse group of polychlorophenol-degrading bacteria isolated from contaminated groundwater in Kärkölä, Finland. All the sphingomonads isolated were shown to share pcpB gene homologs with 98.9 to 100% sequence identity. The gene product was expressed when the strains were induced by 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol. A comparative analysis of the 16S rDNA and pcpB gene trees suggested that a recent horizontal transfer of the pcpB gene was involved in the evolution of the catabolic pat…

Impact of crop species on bacterial community structure during anaerobic co-digestion of crops and cow manure

2008

The bacterial communities in three continuously stirred tank reactors co-digesting cow manure with grass silage, oat straw, and sugar beet tops, respectively, were investigated by 16S rRNA gene-based fingerprints and clone libraries. The analyses revealed both clearly distinct and similar phylotypes in the bacterial communities between the reactors. The major groups represented in the three reactors were Clostridia, unclassified Bacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Phylotypes affiliated with Bacilli or Deltaproteobacteria were unique to the sugar beet and straw reactor, respectively. Unclassified Bacteria dominated in sugar beet reactor while in the straw and grass reactor Clostridia was the domina…

Dealing with the unexpected : organizational sensemaking within the scope of collaborative leadership

2016

Finland is now witnessing a nationwide curriculum reform, which highly demands the understanding towards organizational sensemaking in such dynamic context. This study aims at guiding the group members to better interpret the ongoing process of organizational sensemaking in an educational change climate. Web-based survey was designed to investigate how subjects process the new information, interact with one another and share the common understanding in the curriculum change process. 12 participants were invited to present their comments towards the work done by the leading group so far. Collaborative leadership in this case study does positively support the flow of organizational sensemakin…

Evolutionary design optimization with Nash games and hybridized mesh/meshless methods in computational fluid dynamics

2012