A pro-diabetic diet triggers early functional and structural changes in the rat retina

International audience; Purpose : Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in industrial countries before the age of 50 years. The early consequences of diabetes on the retina are nevertheless poorly known. We therefore aimed at characterizing the early effects of a high fructose and high fat diet on the function and structure of the rat retina. Methods : Male Brown Norway rats (6 weeks of age) were fed for 8 days (n=16), 4 weeks (n=16) and 12 weeks (n=8) with 60% fructose+10% lipid rich diet (HFHF), or a standard chow (n=8). At each time point, intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (ITT-0.5 U/ml) and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (GTT-2g/kg body weight) were ca…

Fructose diet induced short-term impairment of cone sensitivity and gene expression in rat retina

National audience; Abstract: Purpose A high fructose diet has been widely used to trigger insulin resistance in rodent; insulin resistance is one of the major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. Thirty to 40% of diabetic patients develop diabetic retinopathy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the short-term effect, at 1, 3, 5, 8 days, of a 60% fructose diet, on photoreceptor sensitivity and gene expression in the retina of Brown Norway rats. Methods: Flicker electroretinograms (8Hz) were recorded under anesthesia, from both eyes simultaneously in order to study sensitivity of photoreceptors. Then, rats were euthanized and enucleated. Retinae and posterior poles were collec…

Problématiques de la nutrition en ophtalmologie – application à la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge

Nutrition in ophthalmology – clinical application to age-related macular degeneration «Let food be your medicine.» This contribution from Hippocrates is still timely addressed, especially in the field of ophthalmology. Observational epidemiology reports close associations between food habits and the risk or prevention of several ocular pathologies such as cataract or Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Anti-oxidant vitamins, minerals and lipids are the nutrients that have been the most widely studied. Interventional epidemiology and experimental works partially corroborated these findings. Unexpectedly, the benefit of long chain omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention of l…

Dietary ω3 fatty acids & metabolic syndrome in the rat: consequences on sensitivity and retinal functionality

International audience; Purpose: High fructose diets have been widely used to trigger metabolic syndrome (MetS) in rodents. Insulin resistance is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes leading in 30 to 40% of the cases to the development of diabetic retinopathy in humans. In the other hand, ω3 fatty acids have been associated with the prevention of MetS. Few studies have been interested in the early changes occurring in the retina after induction of MetS and to potential of ω3 fatty acids to reverse those effects. Methods: 96 male Brown Norway rats (6 weeks of age) were fed for 3 and 8 days with either of the four following diets (n=8 in each group): a regular chow diet …

Early adaptive response of the retina to a pro-diabetogenic diet: Impairment of cone response and gene expression changes in high-fructose fed rats

The lack of plasticity of neurons to respond to dietary changes, such as high fat and high fructose diets, by modulating gene and protein expression has been associated with functional and behavioral impairments that can have detrimental consequences. The inhibition of high fat-induced rewiring of hypothalamic neurons induced obesity. Feeding rodents with high fructose is a recognized and widely used model to trigger obesity and metabolic syndrome. However the adaptive response of the retina to short term feeding with high fructose is poorly documented. We therefore aimed to characterize both the functional and gene expression changes in the neurosensory retina of Brown Norway rats fed duri…

Metabolic syndrome triggered by high-fructose diet favors choroidal neovascularization and impairs retinal light sensitivity in the rat

Diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration are the leading causes of blindness in Western populations. Although it is a matter of controversy, large-scale population-based studies have reported increased prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in patients with diabetes or diabetic retinopathy. We hypothesized that metabolic syndrome, one of the major risk factors for type 2 diabetes, would represent a favorable environment for the development of choroidal neovascularization, the main complication of age-related macular degeneration. The fructose-fed rat was used as a model for metabolic syndrome in which choroidal neovascularization was induced by laser photocoagulatio…

O32 Le syndrome métabolique induit par un régime enrichi en fructose est promoteur d’un développement néovasculaire et d’altérations fonctionnelles dans la rétine

Problématiques de la nutrition en ophtalmologie – application à la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge nutrition in ophthalmology – clinical application to age-related macular degeneration

« Let food be your medicine. » This contribution from Hippocrates is still timely addressed, especially in the field of ophthalmology. Observational epidemiology reports close associations between food habits and the risk or prevention of several ocular pathologies such as cataract or Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Anti-oxidant vitamins, minerals and lipids are the nutrients that have been the most widely studied. Interventional epidemiology and experimental works partially corroborated these findings. Unexpectedly, the benefit of long chain omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention of late AMD was not firmly established in Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2). Neve…

Dietary omega 3 fatty acids and metabolic syndrome in the rat retina: consequences on retinal functionality and complications

Dietary omega 3 fatty acids and metabolic syndrome in the rat retina: consequences on retinal functionality and complications. International society for the study of fatty acids and lipids