Raspberry biotisation for quality plant production

International audience; Biotisation with beneficial mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria has been shown to be efficient in improving raspberry plant growth, particularly during the acclimatisation phase of in vitro produced plants. It also increases raspberry tolerance to Phytophthora fragariae var rubi which causes disastrous effects in the field and is not efficiently controlled by fungicides. The contamination of young plants during their multiplication has been a major source of spreading for this disease. For quality insurance, it is therefore important to produce plants which are healthy and devoid of P. fragariae var rubi contamination. In addition, the raspberry market is growing followin…

Monitoring AM fungi activity of pionnier plants colonizing spoil banks after brown-coal mining

International audience

Ribosomal sequences as a tool to study and monitor arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

International audience

Mycorrhizal inocula: innovations or more rational use?

International audience; At present, commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inocula are produced in nursery plots, containers with different substrates and plants, aeroponic systems or, more recently, in vitro (1). Different formulated products are available on the market, which creates the need for the establishment of standards for widely accepted quality control. In particular, inoculum formulation should be optimised for maximum symbiosis efficiency together with the absence of pathogens. In some methods of inoculum production the presence of other soil microbes cannot be avoided. In these cases technological innovations are requested for monitoring microbial populations for an optimal m…

Effets protecteurs de la symbiose mycorhizienne à arbuscule vis - à - vis du cadmium: identification des protéines potentiellement impliquées et quantification de deux transcrits

Studies of root colonization by a microcosm community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi unsing nested PCR

International audience

Genetic diversity of Tuber aestivum / uncinatum

SPE IPM CT2 (vu VM)SPEIPMCT2 (vu VM); Tuber aestivum and Tuber uncinatum share a complicated common history from a taxonomic point of view. Indeed, different previous studies have shown contradictory conclusions. For some authors, Tuber aestivum and Tuber uncinatum are a single species and for others, they are two different species. In another study, we used 9 molecular markers: ITS1, ITS2, nuSSU, nuLSU, mtLSU, mtSSU, EF1α, β-tubulin and RPB2. The results show some genetic differences between samples for some of the analyzed sequences. However, no genetic differentiation that would support the separation of two different species was observed. We have concluded that Tuber aestivum and Tuber …

Spécificité écologique de la symbiose mycorhizienne à arbuscules formée par les plantes Agrostis capillaris et Lolium perenne

National audience

First identification of polymorphic microsatellite markers in the Burgundy truffle, Tuber aestivum (Tuberaceae)

SPEIPMCT2Pour cette revue, la version de l'éditeur est autorisée mais il y a un embargo d'un an (mentionné dans les Conditions générales : "On Institutional Repositories after 12 months").On peut donc mettre la PJ en "publique" mais il faut indiquer une date d'embargo (un an à partir de la date de publication). L'embargo sera levé automatiquement. Laissée lors du dépôt en workflow par prudence.; Premise of the study: Tuber aestivum, the most common truffle in Europe, plays an important role in the commercial truffle market. For the first time, microsatellite primers were developed to investigate polymorphism within this species. • Methods and Results: Using direct shotgun pyrosequencing, 15…

Structural and functional genomics of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

The absorbing organs (roots, rhizomes) of nearly all terrestrial plant families host an intimate symbiotic association, called a mycorrhiza, with specialized functional groups of soil fungi. The most common type of root symbiosis is the arbuscular mycorrhiza where soil fungi interact with a tremendous diversity of plant species, including many forest trees and agricultural, horticultural, and fruit crops (Gianinazzi et al., 2002). The fungi involved are very ancient microorganisms compared to other true fungi. Fossil data and molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that their origin dates back to the Ordovician-Devonian era some 460 to 400 million years ago (Remy et al., 1994; Redecker et …

Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonising roots of the grass species Agrostis capillaris and Lolium perenne in a field experiment

Analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal diversity through morphological characters of spores and intraradicular hyphae has suggested previously that preferential associations occur between plants and AM fungi. A field experiment was established to investigate whether AM fungal diversity is affected by different host plants in upland grasslands. Indigenous vegetation from plots in an unimproved pasture was replaced with monocultures of either Agrostis capillaris or Lolium perenne. Modification of the diversity of AM fungi in these plots was evaluated by analysis of partial sequences in the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rDNA) genes. General primers for AM fungi were designed for t…

The use of genomic repeated sequences to characterize arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

International audience

Effect of rhizosphère bacteria and endomycorrhizal fungi on the growth of Christmas rose (Helleborus niger L.)

International audience; Micropropagated and vegetative (by rhizome cuttings) propagated plants of Christmas rose ( Helleborus niger L.) were tested for their responses to the inoculation with microorganisms in order to optimize root growth and development. In our experiment, plants were inoculated with arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi or/and Agrobacterium radiobacter . The investigation indicated that inoculation with A. radiobacter had significantly positive effect on growth and development of plants multiplicated by in vitro techniques as compared to the dual inoculation. This study indicates that, biotization can be beneficial to plant growth in in vitro plant production systems but inoc…

Genomics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

International audience