Catedráticos in the making of the Spanish secondary education system, 1861–1885
The study of secondary education teachers in nineteenth-century Spain has traditionally been undertaken from the perspective of specific individuals or high schools. However, national sources about...
Starting high school? On the origins of secondary education in Spain, 1857–1901
AbstractThe development of modern educational systems radically altered the way knowledge and skills were transmitted. Yet, while elementary schooling rapidly expanded in late 19th and early twentieth centuries, secondary education struggled to find its way. This was also the case in Spain where, despite a growing demand, the provision of public secondary education during the second half of the 19th century was rather limited. As a result, private education, and especially that promoted by the Church, rushed to fill in the gap. Using a new database with municipal-level data, we examine what drove the expansion of private schools. As expected, demand-pull factors were critical. Still, the in…