Impact du cefuroxime sur l’antibioprophylaxie de la chirurgie de la cataracte

Factors of good visual outcome in acute post-cataract endophthalmitis (friends group)

International audience; Purpose: To analyze initial clinical factors of good visual outcome in patients with acute endophthalmitis following cataract surgery. Methods: A prospective study was performed in 4 University hospital (Dijon, Grenoble, Lyon, Saint-Etienne, FRIENDS group) on 100 patients with acute post-cataract endophthalmitis. Factors related to cataract surgery (complications), the initial presentation and the microbiological identification were analyzed according to the final visual outcome using univariate and multivariate analysis (SPSS 12.0). Results: 46% out of the patients had a final visual acuity less than or equal to 0.3 logMar (good visual outcome) at 6 months while 10%…

Le diagnostic de glaucome avec l’imagerie au quotidien

Impairment of the wave-amplitudes of the scotopic ERG in rats fed for 21 months with small amounts of trans alpha-linolenic acid

International audience

A pro-diabetic diet triggers early functional and structural changes in the rat retina

International audience; Purpose : Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in industrial countries before the age of 50 years. The early consequences of diabetes on the retina are nevertheless poorly known. We therefore aimed at characterizing the early effects of a high fructose and high fat diet on the function and structure of the rat retina. Methods : Male Brown Norway rats (6 weeks of age) were fed for 8 days (n=16), 4 weeks (n=16) and 12 weeks (n=8) with 60% fructose+10% lipid rich diet (HFHF), or a standard chow (n=8). At each time point, intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (ITT-0.5 U/ml) and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (GTT-2g/kg body weight) were ca…

Chirurgie mini-invasive du glaucome (MIGS) : Quelle place dans la stratégie thérapeutique ?

Clinical spectrum of eye malformations in four patients with Mowat-Wilson syndrome

Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MWS) is a rare genetic syndrome characterized by a specific facial gestalt, intellectual deficiency, Hirschsprung disease and multiple congenital anomalies. Heterozygous mutations or deletions in the zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox2 gene (ZEB2) cause MWS. ZEB2 encodes for Smad-interacting protein 1, a transcriptional co-repressor involved in TGF-beta and BMP pathways and is strongly expressed in early stages of development in mice. Eye abnormalities have rarely been described in patients with this syndrome. Herein, we describe four patients (two males and two females; mean age 7 years) with MWS and eye malformations. Ocular anomalies included, iris/retinal coloboma…

IOP measurement, useful or not?

Micronutrition : de la théorie à l'application en clinique

T047 Ultrasonic circular cyclo coagulation in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma: a multicenter clinical trial

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Ultrasonic Circular Cyclo Coagulation (UC3) procedure in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods Prospective multicenter clinical trial. 42 eyes of 42 patients with POAG, intraocular pressure (IOP) > 21 mmHg, an average of 1.65 failed previous surgeries and an average of 3.2 hypotensive medications were insonified with a probe comprising 6 piezoelectric transducers. 18 patients (group 1) were treated with a 4 seconds exposure time for each shot and 24 patients (group 2) with a 6 seconds exposure time. Follow-up visits were performed at 1 day, 1 week, 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months after. Results IOP was significantly reduced in …

Plasmalogens in the regulation of retinal vascular development: design of a mouse model with chemical inhibition of IPLA2

Plasmalogens in the regulation of retinal vascular development: design of a mouse model with chemical inhibition of IPLA2. annual meeting of the association-for-research-in-vision-and-ophthalmology (ARVO)

Que faire devant une comorbidité oculaire

La lumière depuis l’aube

Evaluation of two treatment-modalities with ranibizumab for exudative age-related macular degeneration: inject and extend vs PRN (pro-re-nata)

Evaluation of two treatment-modalities with ranibizumab for exudative age-related macular degeneration: inject and extend vs PRN (pro-re-nata). annual meeting of the association-for-research-in-vision-and-ophthalmology (ARVO)

Genetic variation of the cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CYP46) gene in patients with agre-related macular degeneration or primary open-angle glaucoma

International audience

Can we trust the C/D ratio and the colors with OCT? Course director

Iridotomy, iridoplasty, sequantial or combined. Understanding terminology and classifications

T054 - Development and validation of a risk-prediction nomogram for good functional response one year after treatment with anti-VEGF in naive-diabetic macular edema

National audience

Cortical Areas Involved in Vertical Saccades With a 3 Teslas Functional Mri

Cholestérol et pathologies oculaires

Time Course of Inflammation and Apoptosis in a Scopolamine–Induced Dry Eye Rat Model

International audience; Purpose: : Dry eye syndrome is due to tear secretion deficiency or excessive tear evaporation leading to tear film instability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time course of inflammation and apoptosis in a scopolamine–induced dry eye rat model. Methods: : Osmotic pumps continuously delivering scopolamine (12.5mg/d) were implanted subcutaneously in female Lewis rats for 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 17 and 28 days. During the treatment, the corneal status was assessed by fluorescein impregnation and tears were collected for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) immunoassay. At the end of the treatment period, the animals were sacrificed and the ocular tissues and the lacrimal glands w…

Electroretinography in newborn and young infants without sedation

International audience; Purpose: Electroretinography (ERG) is frequently a relevant diagnostic test in pediatric ophthalmology and neurology. ERG at early age is not easy to perform and requires simplified recording protocols and specific norms. In our laboratory especially devoted to developmental studies, an ERG recording method has been adapted to the very young infant. Methods: Monocular ERG was performed in 60 healthy subjects from birth at term to 3 years of age. ERG was recorded using disposable contact lens electrodes in the conscious child with eyes open, after topical anesthesia but without sedation. Stimulus was a white flash (color temperature 5600°K, energy at source 0.3J) appl…

Assessment of the toxicity of cholesterol oxides on retinal pigment epithelial cultured cells

International audience; Purpose: Among the retinal lipid deposits found in AMD (age related macular degeneration), esterified and unesterified cholesterol have been identified. Cholesterol that accumulates in Bruch's membrane could be oxidized and lead to cholesterol oxides known as oxysterols. These compounds have cytotoxic activities on many vascular cell types, and we conducted this study to evaluate the cytotoxics effects of oxysterols on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Methods: Human RPE cells (ARPE–19) were cultured and treated by 7–ketocholesterol (7–keto), 7–betahydroxycholesterol (7–beta) and 25–hydroxycholesterol (25–OH). ARPE–19 cells viability was determined with MTT ana…

Steroid response in uveitis patients: how to manage?

Plasmalogens and cell-cell communication between retinal glial cells

This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2016 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Seattle, Wash., May 1-5, 2016.; Purpose: Plasmalogens (or ether-lipids) are a particular class of glycerophospholipids characterized by the presence of a vinyl-ether bond at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone and by the preferential esterification of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) at the sn-2 position. Plasmalogens are found at high concentrations in retinal macroglial cells such as Müller cells and astrocytes. Müller cells and astrocytes are known to communicate by the way of intracellular calcium waves and gap junctions. Connexin 43 is the major protein of these communicating junctions. The aim o…

Acides gras polyinsaturés de la rétine : ont-ils une origine alimentaire ? Lipid Nutri+

Article publié par l'Organisation nationale interprofessionnelle des graines et fruits oléagineux (Paris, France)

Combined surgery for glaucoma [workshop]

Des certitudes aux doutes

Choroidal thickness in glaucomatous eyes measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography

Choroidal thickness in glaucomatous eyes measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Annual meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO)

La lampe à fente dans le glaucome

What is driving the decision to perform filtering surgery in glaucoma patients?

Purpose: To assess what is driving the decision to perform a filtering procedure in glaucoma patients. Methods: Retrospective study in one single University center. All the indications for filtering glaucoma surgeries (alone or combined with cataract extraction) performed in 2013 by the same surgeon were reviewed. The indications were as follows: clinical evaluation of the optic disc, visual field progression, progression on imaging (OCT), poor tolerance to medical treatment, poor control of intraocular pressure (IOP) and cataract. Results: The filtering surgeries (n = 159) were as follows: 78 trabeculectomies, 45 combined cataract and deep sclerectomy, 24 combined cataract and trabeculecto…

Cholesterol metabolism via cyp46a1 in glaucoma

Cholesterol metabolism via cyp46a1 in glaucoma. International society for eye research (ISER) annual meeting

Analysis of the vitreomacular interface in a French population-based study (The MONTRACHET study: Maculopathy, Optic Nerve, nuTRition, neurovAsCular and HEarT diseases)

Changes in meibomian fatty acids and ocular surface in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction after minocycline treatment

International audience; Purpose:Tear film lipid layer (TFLL) is a very structured layer with essential functions. Its structure is highly dependent on chemical and physical characteristics of lipids composing the TFLL We previously published alterations in the composition of TFLL in patients suffering from meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) were significantly increased, suggesting that BCFA may be associated with the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a treatment by oral minocycline associated to lid hygiene versus lid hygiene only on changes in ocular surface abnormalities and in meibomian fatty acid composition in patients suffer…

Histoire et histoires du médicament, le futur du médicament

Chirurgie du glaucome : ce que l’on retiendra des MIGS en 2018

Cas clinique difficiles

Ultrastructural changes in the outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium of the apob100,LDLR-/- mouse, a murine model of aging of the human retina

Ultrastructural changes in the outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium of the apob100,LDLR-/- mouse, a murine model of aging of the human retina. annual meeting of the association-for-research-in-vision-and-ophthalmology (ARVO)

Circulating plasmalogens in patients with primary open angle glaucoma

Purpose: Neuronal tissues such as the retina contain high amounts of particular phospholipids named “ether-lipids”. Since abnormal blood levels of ether-lipids have been associated with several neurological disorders, we wanted to check whether ether-lipid levels were modified and associated with the severity of POAG. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 41 healthy subjects and 64 POAG patients. Following lipid extraction from erythrocytes, total phospholipids including ether-lipids were isolated using silica cartridges. The fatty acid profile of phospholipids was determined using capillary column gas chromatography (GC). The individual molecular species of phospholipids and ether-lip…

Involvement of plasmalogens and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the pathogenesis of glaucoma

Complications tardives de la trabéculectomie

Le diagnostic du glaucome avec l’imagerie au quotidien

Retinopathy of prematurity screening: evaluation of a first screening

Purpose: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening concerns preterm infants born before 32 weeks of amenorrhea and/or weighting less than 1500 grams. First screening occurs usually 4 to 6 weeks after birth and always after 31 weeks of amenorrhea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the number of examinations performed before the first signs of retinopathy, in order to determine the best time for first screening.Methods: This retrospective study enrolled preterm infants born before 32 weeks of amenorrhea and/or weighting less than 1500 grams in the University Hospital of Dijon, France, between 11/15/2012 and 12/31/2013. All preterm babies benefited from a ROP screening by fundus ph…

Etat des MIGS en 2020

Prevalence of dry eye disease in elderly individuals of the French population (the MONTRACHET Study)

Purpose To report the prevalence of dry eye in a large population-based sample of French individuals older than 75 years. Methods About 9000 individuals 65 years and older were included in the 3C cohort study since 1999 in 3 French cities (Bordeaux, Dijon and Montpellier). In Dijon, an additional ophthalmic examination was performed 10 years after the initial inclusions to assess the relation between systemic age-related diseases and eye diseases in the MONTRACHET Study (Maculopathy Optic Nerve nuTRition neurovAsCular and HEarT diseases). Dry eye symptoms were collected with self reported history of dry eye symptoms, use of topical medications and evaluated by the Ocular Surface Disease Ind…

Mice display cholesterol deposits in the retina and reduced electroretinographic response

International audience

How to prepare to become certified?

Micronutrition : de la théorie à l'application en clinique

National audience; Les prévisions démographiques s'attendent à un accroissement important de la population âgée et très âgée dans les décennies à venir. La prévalence des pathologies oculaires occupe la deuxième place dans cette frange de la population, laissant entrevoir une réelle explosion du coût social et économique associé à la prise en charge des patients. Pourtant, des données théoriques suggèrent que certains nutriments, en particulier lipophiles, pourraient participer à prévenir les effets du vieillissement sur la rétine et le développement pathologique. Ces hypothèses sont corroborées par des données épidémiologiques qui renforcent l'association entre la consommation d'acides gra…

Neuropathie à anticorps anti-MOG

Effects of 24s-hydroxycholesterol on primary glial Müller cells. New insights on Müller cells function and cholesterol homeostasis in the retina

Purpose: Müller cells are macroglial cells in the retina. These cells express various proteins known to undergo glutamate clearance, which dysfunction may be involved in the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in the course of glaucoma. In neurons and especially in RGC, 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24SOH) is a metabolite produced by conversion of cholesterol by cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase (CYP46A1). This process participates to cholesterol homeostasis by facilitating the removal of cholesterol from neurons. 24SOH might be a signal molecule ensuring the cross-talk between neurons and glia, and putatively between RGC and glia. The aim of our study was to emphasize the response of primary Müller c…

La chirurgie du segment antérieur : quelle prophylaxie en 2017 ?

Plasmalogens, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and glaucoma

Quelles perspectives dans la chirurgie du glaucoma ?

T080 - The incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in France from 2010 to 2016: seasonal and geographical variations

Quand faut il passer à la bithérapie d’emblée ?

Cholesterol and ocular pathologies: focus on the role of cholesterol-24S-hydroxylase in cholesterol homeostasis

The retina is responsible for coding the light stimulus into a nervous signal that is transferred to the brain via the optic nerve. The retina is formed by the association of the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium that is supported by Bruch’s membrane. Both the physical and metabolic associations between these partners are crucial for the functioning of the retina, by means of nutrient intake and removal of the cell and metabolic debris from the retina. Dysequilibrium are involved in the aging processes and pathologies such as age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of visual loss after the age of 50 years inWestern countries. The retina is composed of severa…

Priorities in management: safe surgery vs effective surgery

Le dépistage du GPAO dans la population

Glaucoma goals of treatment

Effect of intravitreal injection of Indocyanine Green, Triamcinolone Acetonide and Trypan Blue on the electroretinographic response of rats

International audience; Purpose:: Indocyanine Green (ICG) and Tripan Blue (TB) are commonly used in macular surgery by making easier the internal limiting membrane (ILM) removing. However, the innocuousness of these dyes is not actually established notably for ICG. Then, several authors proposed the use of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) as an alternative to the use of intraoperative dyes for visualizing the ILM. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of intravitreal injection of ICG, TB and TA on the rat electroretinogram (ERG). Methods:: Three groups of 12-week-old Sprague Dawley rats (n=6) received intravitreal injection in one eye of 0.1mL of either ICG 0.5mg/mL, TB 3mg/mL o…

In vivo consequences of cholesterol-24s-hydroxylase (CYP46A1) inhibition by voriconazole on cholesterol homeostasis and function in the rat retina

Cholesterol 24S-hydroxylase (CYP46A1) converts cholesterol into 24S-hydroxycholesterol in neurons and participates in cholesterol homeostasis in the central nervous system, including the retina. We aimed to evaluate the consequences of CYP46A1 inhibition by voriconazole on cholesterol homeostasis and function in the retina. Rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of voriconazole (60mg/kg), minocycline (22mg/kg), voriconazole plus minocycline, or vehicle during five consecutive days. The rats were submitted to electroretinography to monitor retinal functionality. Cholesterol and 24S-hydroxycholesterol were measured in plasma, brain and retina by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. T…

MIGS, MIGS et encore MIGS

Ether-lipid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in erythrocytes of patients with glaucoma

International audience; Purpose: : Neuronal tissues such as the brain and the retina are known to contain elevated amounts of phospholipids with a vinyl-ether double bond (ether-lipids or plasmalogens) as well as high concentrations of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (docosahexaenoic acid or DHA). Abnormal blood levels of ether-lipids and DHA have been associated with several neurological disorders such as Alzheimer Disease. Since many observations bring up the idea of pathogenetic similarities between Alzheimer Disease and glaucoma, the aim of our work was to check whether ether-lipid and DHA levels were modified in glaucoma patients. Methods: : Blood samples were collected …

Les alicaments

La tolérance locale des corticostéroides intra vitréeens chez le diabétique

FEBOS-glaucoma subspecialty exam. Point of view of the examiner

Cholesterol metabolism, autophagy and aging

National audience

Modern glaucoma management

Direct costs of glaucoma at various stages

Clear lensectomy in primary angle closure glaucoma

Involvement of plasmalogens and iPLA2 in the control of post-natal retinal vascular development in mice

International audience; Purpose: The correct development of retinal blood vessels is essential to ensure vision process through sufficient oxygen and nutrient supplies to the retina. It was shown that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) could modulate factors involved in tissue vascularization. A congenital deficiency in ether-phospholipids also termed as "plasmalogens" was shown to lead to abnormal ocular vascularization. Because plasmalogens are considered as reservoirs of PUFAs, we wanted to better understand the mechanisms by which plasmalogens may regulate retinal vascular development through the release of PUFAs by a calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2). Methods: Retinal vascu…

The Exorbital Lacrimal Gland Is 100 Times More Susceptible Than the Retina to Dietary Supplies in Long Chain Omega-6 and Omega 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

International audience; Purpose:: The purpose of this study was to compare the susceptibility of the retina and the exorbital lacrimal gland to dietary supplies in long chain omega-3 (ω3) and omega-6 (ω6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). Methods:: Male Wistar rats were fed for 3 months with a 5% lipid-diet containing either: 1) 10% of EicosaPentaenoic Acid (EPA, ω3) and 7% of DocosaHexaenoic Acid (DHA, ω3), 2) 10% of γ-Linolenic Acid (GLA, ω6), 3) 10% of EPA, 7% of DHA and 10% of GLA or 4) a balanced diet deprived from EPA, DHA and GLA. After three months of feeding, lipids were extracted from the retina and the exorbital lacrimal gland and fatty acid composition was determined by ga…

Comparision of fatty acids in the tear film lipid layer of normal individuals and patients suffering from chronic blepharitis

International audience

Flash visual evoked potentials: maturation from birth to 15 years of age

Flash visual evoked potentials: maturation from birth to 15 years of age. annual meeting of the association-for-research-in-vision-and-ophthalmology (ARVO)

Glaucoma epidemiology in Europe

Development and validation of a risk-prediction nomogram for poor functional response one year after treatment with anti-VEGF in naive-diabetic macular edema

International audience

Macular sensitivity and structure in idiopathic epiretinal membranes 12 months after surgical treatment

Purpose: To evaluate macular sensitivity (MS) change and its correlation with visual acuity (VA) and Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgical treatment.Methods: Prospective, monocenter, interventional case series. We included 49 patients (49 eyes) with an idiopathic ERM scheduled for a surgical treatment. Among these patients, 40 were evaluated at 3 and 6 months (M3, M6), and 31 at 12 months (M12) after ERM and internal limiting membrane removal. At each visit a measurement of best-corrected visual acuity (ETDRS), a microperimetry and a SD-OCT were performed for all patients.Results: The …

Circulating markers of retinal and optic nerve lipids

Purpose Blood lipids are frequently used as a surrogate of lipid composition of peripheral tissues. Even if it is well accepted, such a relationship has never been clearly demonstrated for the eye. The aim of this study was to determine in human samples whether a lipidomic approach based on red blood cells could reveal associations between circulating and ocular lipid profiles. Methods Red blood cells, retinas and optic nerves were collected from 9 human donors. The lipidomic analyses on these tissues were done by both, gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to an electrospray ionization source-mass spectrometer (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Results Gas chromatographic approach did not show…

Plasmalogens, erythrocyte deformability, and retinal vascular development

Toxicity of Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in Conjunctival Cell Line

International audience; Purpose:: Tear film lipid composition is modified in patients suffering from chronic blepharitis. We previously found that branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) were significantly increased in tears of these patients, suggesting that BCFA may be involved in the disease. The toxicity of different BCFA as potent inducers of apoptosis has already been established in various cell lines but not in the conjunctiva. The aim of this work was to assess the toxic effects of BCFA in cultures of Chang conjunctival cells. Methods:: Chang’s human conjunctival cells were cultured during 4 or 24h with various concentrations of IsoC16 and IsoC20 as BCFA (from 50 to 200µM), by comparison …

Use of structure in glaucoma management

Developmental dyslexia: Visual abnormalities during ocular rotation

[u]Purpose[/u]: Most of the studies dealing with visual perception disabilities in children suffering from developmental dyslexia have been done in orthophoric position. The objective of the present study is to explore the visual perception during eye movements. [u]Methods[/u]: Sixty male patients (11.8 ± 1.8 years) were examined by neuropsychologists to evaluate reading difficulties. Visual perception during ocular rotation was assessed with a Clement Clarke synoptophore with G3–G4 slides, in primary gaze, then laterally at 20, 30 and 40° in dim light. [u]Results[/u]: Three main abnormalities were found. • Isolated perception abnormalities with intermittent shading of the image, central, p…

Dix questions que vous vous êtes déja posées sur le XEN

Polyunsaturated fatty acids and plasmalogens in diabetics

PurposePlasmalogens are phospholipids characterized by a vinyl ether bond and a preferential esterification of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). We have previously shown that the lack of plasmalogens leads to retinal hyper-capillarization. We hypothesize that plasmalogens are negative regulators of vascular development, and aimed to check their circulating levels in diabetic patients with a retinopathy. MethodsBlood samples were collected from 88 patients and 14 control subjects. Among diabetics we had 14 patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR), 12 with a mild non proliferative DR, 12 with a moderate non proliferative DR, 22 with a severe non proliferative DR and 24 with a proliferativ…

Association of a predictor of retinal omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with advanced age-related macular degeneration: the BLISAR project

International audience

Les endophtalmies aiguës postopératoires

Decreasing the dietary intake of linoleic acid promotes the efficacy of dietary long chain omega-3 fatty acids to incorporate the rat retina and modifies gene expression

Decreasing the dietary intake of linoleic acid promotes the efficacy of dietary long chain omega-3 fatty acids to incorporate the rat retina and modifies gene expression. annual meeting of the association-for-research-in-vision-and-ophthalmology (ARVO)

Découverte d’une excavation anormale

Are there features of the damaged RGC and ONH which make it difficult to prevent blindness in glaucoma?

L’innovation dans le glaucome

Existe-t-il une place pour la micronutrition dans les glaucomes ?

National audience; Lamicronutrition a pris ses marques en ophtalmologie principalement dans la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l'âge (DMLA), mais aussi dans les maladies de la surface oculaire. Pour les glaucomes, le stade actuel est plutôt celui de la réflexion qui permet de construire un rationnel à partir des hypothèses physiopathogéniques des glaucomes. Dans ce court article, nous évoquerons ces hypothèses et nous citerons les études animales et chez l'homme qui existent déjà, en insistant sur le rôle des lipides et des acides gras essentiels.

Dietary fatty acids and the prevention of Age-related Macular Degeneration: retinal incorporation and beyond

International audience

T024 - The EYE-MI pilot study: a prospective acute coronary syndrome cohort evaluated with retinal optical coherence tomography angiography

Lipid composition of lacrimal glands in rats: comparison with human lacrimal glands and possible nutritional modulation

International audience; Purpose:: Prostaglandins (PGs) have been found in tears of patients with ocular surface disorders, and are powerful markers of inflammation. The lacrimal gland has been reported to synthesize PGs. Polyunsaturated fatty acids esterified in phospholipids are the precursors of pro- and anti-inflammatory PGs. The aim of this study was to compare the phospholipid content of the lacrimal gland in human and in different rat species. Moreover the changes in fatty acids of the lacrimal glands of Lewis rats were studied after a nutritional intervention. Methods:: Lacrimal glands were excised from Wistar, Sprague-Dawley and Lewis rats (3 month-old) and from Humans 3 to 36 hours…

Individualization in practice

Quand adresser un patient glaucomateux au chirurgien ?

Anti-inflammatory effects of GLA and EPA on a scopolamine-induced dry eye rat model

International audience; Purpose:: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of dietary γ-linolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in a scopolamine-induced dry eye rat model. Methods:: Female Lewis rats were fed with 5%-lipid diets containing 10% of either GLA or EPA. After two months of feeding, we induced dry eye syndrome using scopolamine continuously delivered via osmotic pumps for 2, 10 and 28 days. At the end of the treatment period, we performed fluorescein staining on the cornea. We sacrificed the animals and excised the ocular tissues and the exorbital lacrimal glands. We immunostained MHCII and mucin MUC5AC on ocular sphere cryosectio…

Electroretinographic and retinal lipid modifications in a rat model of glaucoma

International audience

Cholesterol homeostasis and retinal stress in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

Purpose: Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is characterized by acute stress of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). Cholesterol-24S-hydroxylase (CYP46A1) is specifically expressed in RGC where it may exert neuroprotective properties by preventing from cholesterol accumulation via catalyzing the formation of 24S-hydroxycholesterol. Previous findings hypothesize the housekeeping importance of CYP46A1 in the maintenance of cholesterol in the retina. In order to better understand the role of CYP46A1 in the retina, we aimed to define whether CYP46A1 expression and 24S-hydroxycholesterol levels were modified during RGC stress in AION.Methods: Ninety nine male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized …

Patient/physician "Bond" in the management of glaucoma

Patient/physician "Bond" in the management of glaucoma. annual meeting of the association-for-research-in-vision-and-ophthalmology (ARVO)

Oxysterols Incorporate in Primary Porcine Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells and Induce Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

International audience; Purpose: : Aging is associated with an accumulation of cholesterol in the Bruch’s membrane. Cholesterol is prone to undergo oxidation and to generate oxysterols that have cytotoxic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oxysterols on cell viability, oxidative stress and inflammation and to measure oxysterol incorporation in primary porcine retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell cultures. Methods: : Porcine RPE cells were incubated with oxysterols (24S–hydroxycholesterol, 24OH ; 25–hydroxycholesterol, 25OH and 7–ketocholesterol, 7K) (100µg, 50µM) for 24 and 48h. Cell viability was evaluated by measuring mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (S…

Analogies between atherosclerosis and age-related maculopathy: expected roles of oxysterols

The pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is not clearly understood. Like other age-related diseases, it is associated with abnormal deposits called drusen. These drusens are localized in Bruch's membrane. Recent investigations have shown a link between drusen formation and inflammatory and immunologic reactions. The involvement of oxidative stress is supported by available data as an important contributing factor in the developement of ARMD. The data regarding the nature and the source of the deposits suggest that ARMD may share similar pathways with atherosclerosis. The role of oxydized products of cholesterol, the oxysterols, in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is we…

Looking back to glaucoma management

Cyclodiode and other laser treatments

Risk factors associated with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension: French epidemiological case control study

International audience

Understanding terminology and classifications

Early identification of high risk progressors analysing nerve fiber layer change

Trabéculectomie, sclérectomie, quelle place en 2019 ?

Les artefacts lors de l’OCT pour les glaucomes

Characterization of plasmalogens in retinal glial cells

Purpose: Plasmalogens (or ether-lipids) constitute a particular class of glycerophospholipids that are characterized by the presence of a vinyl-ether bond at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone and by the preferential esterification of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) at the sn-2 position. Although their exact functions remain enigmatic, previous data from our laboratory suggest that plasmalogens play crucial functions during retinal vessel development by affecting astrocyte template formation (Saab et al PLoSONE 2014;9(6):e101076). The aim of this study was to better characterize plasmalogens in the retina and to determine which cells are responsible for plasmalogens production w…

Iridocyclite hétérochromique de Fuchs

Analyse de la composition en acides gras du film lacrymal chez des patients souffrant de blépharite chronique, de syndrome sec et chez des patients normaux

National audience

Quand opérer de la cataracte ?

L’augmentation du volume cristallinien n’est pas toujours la cause d’un glaucome par fermeture de l’angle. Dans quelles circonstances est-il utile d’envisager une opération de la cataracte et pourquoi ? Après un rappel des mécanismes conduisant aux différentes formes de glaucome par fermeture de l’angle, nous décrirons les stratégies thérapeutiques chirurgicales de cette pathologie.

Plasmalogens in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy

Neuronal tissues such as the retina contain high amounts of plasmalogens. One of their particularities is to concentrate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) before releasing them specifically. Several data from our laboratory suggest that plasmalogens are involved in the pathophysiology of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. The different experiments were carried out on human patients with POAG as well as on rodent models of glaucoma. They concerned either the identification of specific alterations of plasmalogen metabolism, or the efficacy of PUFAs to prevent retinal damage. The results have shown a loss of several circulating plasmalogens in…

Acides gras polyinsaturés de la rétine : ont-ils une origine alimentaire ? Lipid Nutri+

National audience; L’objectif du présent article est de faire le point sur l’origine des acides gras polyinsaturés dans la rétine neurale, en se focalisant en particulier sur le DHA. Nous appuierons notre propos en particulier sur nos données récentes obtenues sur des sujets décédés chez qui la rétine neurale et le couple EPR/choriocapillaire ont été prélevés et analysés pour leur contenu en lipides. Le profil en acides gras du tissu adipeux nous a servi de marqueur de consommation. Nous avons ainsi pu rechercher si les teneurs en AGPI de la rétine neurale sont le reflet des habitudes alimentaires des sujets.

Increased oxidative stress is responsible for ether-lipid loss in the retina of senescence accelerated mouse (SAM)

International audience; Purpose: Ether–lipids represent an important class of retinal phospholipids but their exact functions are still unknown. They might act as antioxidants since the vinyl–ether double bond they contain could be the target for newly formed oxygenated radicals. In this work, we investigated the status of ether–lipids and aldehydes, their oxidative degradation products in the retina of a mouse model for aging, the senescence–accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAM P8), in which we reported a reduction of retinal function following 12 months of age (ARVO 2004 E–abstract 797). We completed this study by evaluating the oxidative stress in the retina. Methods: The quantification of eth…

The newly diagnosed patient. Setting the therapeutic target

Improvement of dry eye symptoms with polyunsaturated fatty acids

International audience; Purpose: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are involved in inflammatory pathways via prostaglandins. Conjunctival inflammation is a hallmark of all dry eye syndromes. We investigated the role of dietary n–6 and n–3 fatty acids in patients suffering from ocular dryness with peculiar attention to inflammatory markers. Methods: 70 patients presenting with mild to moderate dry eye syndromes were randomly assigned to Nutrilarm® or placebo pills, thrice a day for 6 months. Schirmer test, BUT, fluorescein and lissamin green stainings were performed at inclusion and after 1, 3 and 6 months. Impression cytology to evaluate MHCII antigens was harvested at D0, Month 3 and 6. T…

Myopie et glaucome

Glaucoma in the young

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, intraocular pressure, and glaucoma

Abstract Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Estimations predict that nearly 80 million people will be affected by the disease in 2020. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) has been recognized as a major risk factor for developing glaucoma. Although IOP-lowering agents have been shown to be effective for decreasing the progression of glaucoma, extensive research has been done to identify modifiable lifestyle factors involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. Among these factors, dietary lipids and particularly dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) represent a promising approach. The aim of this chapter is to summarize t…

Measurement of adherence to brimonidine therapy for glaucoma using electronic monitoring

J. Glaucoma; Purpose: To assess the patient adherence and behavior with brimonidine twice daily (bid) or 3 times daily (tid) in patients used to topical glaucoma medication. Patients and Methods: Seventy-five patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension were enrolled in a prospective, observational cohort study. Consenting patients were randomly assigned to brimonidine bid or tid and received conventional brimonidine eye drops with attached electronic monitoring devices for 4 weeks. Patients were not explicitly informed on the compliance monitoring. Results: The study was completed by 67 patients (89%). In 65 patients (97%), at least 1 dosing interval exceeded 24 hours. The mean adherence …

4812 - A0028 Gangliosides in the retina: a comparative inventory with brain and other ocular structures

Purpose: Gangliosides (GG) make an extremely diverse family of glycosphingolipids particularly abundant in the brain and neural tissues. While it is known that alterations in GG metabolism are associated with visual defects, the precise biological roles of these compounds in the retina are still largely unknown. In this context, we performed an exhaustive inventory and thorough characterization of the human eye GG aiming to reveal specificities and common features of the retina compared to other ocular tissues and brain.Methods: Retina, RPE/Choroid, ciliary body, optic nerve and brain samples were collected from deceased human donors (N=7). GG were extracted and analysed by a comprehensive …

Supplémentation en oméga 3 et approche clinique dans la DMLA

Les traitements médicaux du glaucome

Sécurité et tolérance de la céfuroxime en injection intracamérulaire : 10 ans de recul

Pharmaco économie du médicament

Implication of 24-S-hydroxycholesterol in Muller glial cell's membrane dynamics in the rat.

Implication of 24-S-hydroxycholesterol in Muller glial cell's membrane dynamics in the rat.. Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology (ARVO)

Problématiques de la nutrition en ophtalmologie – application à la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge nutrition in ophthalmology – clinical application to age-related macular degeneration

« Let food be your medicine. » This contribution from Hippocrates is still timely addressed, especially in the field of ophthalmology. Observational epidemiology reports close associations between food habits and the risk or prevention of several ocular pathologies such as cataract or Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Anti-oxidant vitamins, minerals and lipids are the nutrients that have been the most widely studied. Interventional epidemiology and experimental works partially corroborated these findings. Unexpectedly, the benefit of long chain omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention of late AMD was not firmly established in Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2). Neve…

Neurophysiologic Testing in Infants With Usher Syndrome Type 1

Purpose: Usher syndrome type 1 needs to be diagnosed at early age, when speech therapy and cochlear implantation can stimulate communication in a deaf child who will confront an additional visual handicap. Molecular diagnosis is not routinely available. Visual function tests are not easily performed in young children. Before the age of six years, progressive retinal degeneration does not always show fundoscopic changes and few data are available regarding neurophysiologic abnormalities. This study was designed to describe electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) in a series of fourteen children with Usher syndrome type I.Methods: Monocular ERG and binocular VEP were perfor…

Quality of dietary supplements in ophthalmology

International audience; Purpose: A rising number of dietary supplements are available to prevent age–related ocular pathologies such as AMD or dry eye syndrome. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the quality of dietary supplements containing omega–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in terms of lipid, vitamin E and heavy metals composition. Dietary supplements designed for improving mental well–being were included in this study since they should share some similarities.Methods: Twenty dietary complements were analyzed (6 for dry eye prevention, 4 for AMD prevention and 10 for improving mental well–being). Lipids and lipophilic vitamins were extracted. The distribution of the lipid classes w…

Dietary superoxide dismutase protects against light-induced retinal oxidative stress in young senescence accelerated mice (SAM)

International audience

I sold my imaging device

Evaluation of an experimental model of dry eye in the rat

International audience

Innovations in Imaging. Glaucoma: Structure assessment and imaging

Le latanoprost, 20 ans de recul

Quantitative metrics in swept source-optical coherence tomography in healthy eyes: fractal dimension, an interesting tool?

Characterization of cholesterol metabolism in an experimental model of glaucoma in rats

International audience; Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative pathology characterized by retinal ganglion cell death. Cholesterol homeostasis disruption has been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Huntington. However, its specific role in the retina and association with glaucoma remain unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize the modifications of cholesterol metabolism occurring during an experimental model of glaucoma in rats. Eight-weeks old male rats were subjected to laser photocoagulation of episcleral veins, limbus and trabecular meshwork to elevate intraocular pressure. At a short (3 days) and a long (2 months) time period post-laser, the retin…

Dietary omega 3 fatty acids and metabolic syndrome in the rat retina: consequences on retinal functionality and complications

Dietary omega 3 fatty acids and metabolic syndrome in the rat retina: consequences on retinal functionality and complications. International society for the study of fatty acids and lipids

Plasmalogen levels are reduced in erythrocytes from patients with diabetic retinopathy

Plasmalogen levels are reduced in erythrocytes from patients with diabetic retinopathy. annual meeting of the association-for-research-in-vision-and-ophthalmology (ARVO)

Anatomic and functional follow-up of patients with an idiopathic epiretinal membrane and a preserved visual acuity

Purpose: To determine the anatomic and functional retinal modifications in patients with an idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) and a preserved visual acuity (VA).Methods: Monocentric, prospective study in 24 eyes of 24 patients with an ERM and a VA better than 20/25. Recorded data were best corrected VA on ETDRS scale, retinal anatomic lesions on spectral-domain OCT, retinal sensitivities on microperimetry and macular and foveal thicknesses at 0 and 6 months.Results: At inclusion, mean VA was 84 ± 5 letters, mean macular sensitivity was 14.0 ± 1.4 decibels (dB) and mean foveal sensitivity was 14,4 ± 1,5 dB. Mean macular thickness was 351 ± 34 µm and mean foveal thickness was 348 ± 66 µm. …

Myopia as an additional challenge in glaucoma diagnosis

Impact of a reduction of plasmalogen levels on Muller cell metabolism

Purpose : Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of blindness in premature children resulting from abnormal vascular development. Previous studies have shown that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can modulate physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis. Data from our laboratory suggest that plasmalogens, that are phospholipids that concentrate omega-3 PUFAs, are involved in the regulation of post-natal retinal vascular development through the action of a calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) (Saab et al PLoSONE 2014). In the retina, Müller cells are known to play crucial functions in retinal angiogenesis as well as to be rich in plasmalogens and to express phosp…

RPE/Choroid and Neuroretina Differences in Lipid Profile in Humans, and Possible Correlations to Dietary Lipid Intake

International audience; Purpose: : To provide data on the differences in the lipid profile of the neural retina and RPE/choroid in healthy human eyes, and to establish plausible relationships with dietary fat intake, by comparing the lipid profile of the extra orbital fat. Methods: : Human eyes were collected from 28 human donors. The neural retina was dissected from the RPE/choroid. In 6 donors, the lacrimal gland and a piece of the extra orbital fat were collected. The lipid profile of the human samples was analyzed into classes. Phospholipids and cholesteryl esters were purified from RPE/choroid. The fatty acid composition of the retina, lipid fractions of RPE/choroid, and lacrimal gland…

Maintenance of anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents for patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery

International audience; Purpose: To establish the prevalence of anticoagulant, aspirin, and clopidogrel use in patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery, and to compare the outcome of peribulbar anesthesia between users and non-users. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective case series in one academic center between January and June 2009. We analyzed the chart of 239 eyes who underwent posterior segment surgery with peribulbar anesthesia. Data included age, reasons for anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet agents, operative procedure, history of diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, axial globe length, pre and post operative visual acuity, complications rates during and after anes…

Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Europe

Manuscript no. 2016-1147 Supplemental material is available at www.aaojournal.org/; International audience; [u]Purpose:[/u] Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a frequent, complex disorder in elderly of European ancestry. Risk profiles and treatment options have changed considerably over the years, which may have affected disease prevalence and outcome. We determined the prevalence of early and late AMD in Europe from 1990 to 2013 using the European Eye Epidemiology (E3) consortium, and made projections for the future. [u]Design:[/u] Meta-analysis of prevalence data. [u]Participants:[/u] A total of 42 080 individuals 40 years of age and older participating in 14 population-based cohor…

Epidemiology of trabeculectomy in France

Docosahexaenoic acid and ether-lipid changes and ERG alterations during retinal ischemia-reperfusion in the rat.

International audience

Effect of dietary omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids on IOP elevation, electroretinographic changes and retinal ganglion cell loss in a laser-induced rat model of glaucoma

International audience; Purpose:To test the efficacy of dietary omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in a rat model of glaucoma induced by laser photocoagulation.Methods:Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed for 3 months with a diet containing either: 1) 17% of omega-3 fatty acids (10% EPA + 7% DHA), 2) 10% of omega-6 fatty acids (as GLA), or 3) a combination of both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (10% EPA + 7% DHA + 10% GLA), by comparison with a control group of animals fed with a standard diet deprived of EPA, DHA and GLA (n=10 in each group). After 3 months of diet, glaucoma was induced in one eye of each animal by laser photocoagulation (532nm) of the episcleral veins, the trabeculum and the l…

Petit lexique utile et pharmacologie en pratique

Cataract following trabeculectomy

International audience

Les anticoagulants dans la chirurgie oculaire

Associations between erythrocyte and ciliary epithelium phosphatidylcholine concentrations in healthy humans

A detailed analysis of retinal and retinal pigment epithelium phospholipid species: focus on ether-lipids

International audience

Mes plus erreurs

Is it glaucoma; early diagnosis in focus?

What could MIGS replace: drops/laser

Magnitude, temporal trends, and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PubMed: 28779882

Chirurgie filtrante ou phakoexérèse : combinée en un temps ou décalée ?

Docosahexaenoic acid and ether-lipids are correlated to ERG alterations during retinal ischemia-reperfusion in the rat

International audience

Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) protects retinal function against Ischemia-reperfusion in the rat

International audience

Loss of rod sensitivity and gene expression changes in the retina of fructose-fed insulin-resistant mice

Purpose: Metabolic syndrome is of major concern in Western countries since it predisposes individuals to the development of diabetes. Insulin resistance is one of the biochemical features of the metabolic syndrome. Fructose feeding has been used to elicit insulin resistance in rodents. Our purpose was to characterize the functional and gene expression changes in the retina after long term feeding mice with a fructose-enriched diet.Methods: Control and ApoB100,LDLR-/- mice, a murine model of aging of the human retina, were fed with a 60%-rich fructose diet for 8 months. Scotopic single flash and Flicker electroretinograms were recorded to monitor the response of the retina to flash stimuli. …