Les trajectoires résidentielles des familles périurbaines : quelles perspectives face aux évolutions démographiques et d’emplois ?

A Spatial Econometric Analysis of Convergence Across European Regions, 1980–1995

The convergence of European regions has been largely discussed in the macroeconomic and the regional science literature during the past decade. Two observations are often emphasized. First, the convergence rate among European regions appears to be very slow in the extensive samples considered (Barro and Sala-iMartin 1991, 1995; Armstrong 1995a; Sala-i-Martin 1996a, 1996b). Second, as shown in Ertur and Le Gallo (see Chap. 2), the geographical distribution of European per capita GDP is highly clustered.

Interactions, spillovers de connaissance et croissance des économies modernes. Faut-il préférer la globalisation ou la proximité géographique ?

Globalisation and metropolisation in modern economies induce some locational strategies of knowledge based activities towards cities and deeply increase trade and move of ideas across cities. In that context, we study the way knowledge spillovers have influenced the economic growth of 82 European Metropolises over the 1990-2005 period. We model knowledge spillovers across cities according to three specific interaction patterns depending either on geography or on global advanced services or thought a combination of these patterns. We show that the mixed pattern matters the best for economic growth of cities in Europe.

Interactions, knowledge spillovers and growth in a cross-section of European cities: Geography, business climate or networks ?

International audience

Centres secondaires et recomposition économique des espaces urbains

The object of this paper is to analyze the multicentric features of the Agglomeration of Dijon by studying the spatial organization of the economic activities and population. The study relates to the territory of the Agglomeration Community of Dijon (COMADI), which is composed of 16 towns. The space scale used is Iris-2000 zoning for the communes of more than 5000 inhabitants and the communal scale for the other towns belonging to the COMADI: the sample includes 114 observations. We use two databases available for two years (1990 and 1999): the SIRENE data for the employment by sectors of activities (ACTET10 and NAF700nomenclatures) and the data of the RGP for the population. We study the s…

The organization of the defense support system: an economic geography perspective

In the context of restricted budgetary resources and the growing cost of maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) activities, a major issue for modern armed forces is to sustain defense platforms. A possible method consists of realizing economies of scale through the concentration of maintenance activities, which involves the spatial reorganization of existing industrial sites dedicated to MRO. This article provides a formalized framework to discuss the optimal organization for the MRO of defense platforms in space. The public planner organizes the maintenance of defense platforms with only two possible spatial configurations. In the dispersed configuration, two industrial production units i…

Spatial effects in housing price models : do housing prices capitalize urban development policies in the agglomeration of Dijon (1999) ?

In this article we suppose that the integration of accessibility and neighborhood variables in hedonic housing models doesn't allow to take into account the spatial effects between the housing prices. Using a sample of 1520 transactions of apartments in the urban area of Dijon, we focus on two types of location variables : the distance to the CBD and the distance to several Disadvantaged Districts located in peripheral areas. We detect the presence of a spatial error autocorrelation in the hedonic model indicating that the valuation of the price of an apartment is locally influenced by the prices of the neighboring apartments. Then, we estimate a spatial error model which shows that the loc…

Geographical economics and regional integration (what lessons for Central and Eastern European countries ?)

THIS PAPER AIMS TO SHOW HOW EU-INTEGRATION OF THE CENTRAL AND ORIENTAL EUROPEAN COUNTRIES WOULD MODIFY THE GROWTH OF EUROPEAN REGIONS. WE DEMONSTRATE THAT « NEW ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY » AND « NEW GROWTH THEORIES » TOGETHER ARE WELL SUITED TO UNDERSTAND AND EXPLAIN VARIOUS PHENOMENA ASSOCIATED WITH EUROPEAN INTEGRATION POLICIES. WE SHOW THAT THESE POLICIES WILL BE PROFITABLE TO GROWTH BUT WILL REINFORCE THE UROPEAN CORE-PERIPHERY GEOGRAPHIC PATTERN. WE ALSO SHOW THAT SOME MECANISMS COULD COUNTERACT THIS PATTERN OF UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT.

NEIGHBORHOOD EFFECTS IN SPATIAL HOUSING VALUE MODELS. THE CASE OF THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF PARIS (1999)

In hedonic housing models, the spatial dimension of housing values are traditionally processed by the impact of neighborhood variables and accessibility variables. In this paper we show that spatial effects might remain once neighborhood effects and accessibility have been controlled for. We notably stress on three sides of neighborhood effects: social capital, social status and social externalities and consider the accessibility to the primary economic center as describing the urban spatial trend. Using spatial econometrics specifications of the hedonic equation, we estimate whether spatial effects impact the housing values. Our empirical case concerns the Metropolitan Area (MA) of Paris i…

Economie de la connaissance et territoires : ressources de développement des entreprises

Conférence inaugurale; National audience

Les inégalités environnementales en Bourgogne

Approches économiques des dynamiques urbaines

Rapport d’activité – suivi des recherches,.Convention MSH – PUCA, juillet 2014

The European regional convergence process, 1980-1995 : Do spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity matter ?

International audience

The nature and impacts of environmental spillovers on housing prices: A spatial hedonic analysis

Abstract: This paper investigates the spatial dimension of the environmental effects. We use recent advances in spatial econometrics to show that hedonic equations produce estimates to be differently interpreted as implicit prices according to spatial models. In particularly, the i mplicit price of housing attribute combines a feedback effect and a propagation effect and may be interpreted in terms of local or global spillovers. We drive an empirical study in the estuary of the Loire, a rural and urban area well occupied by various natural areas and more artificialized ones. We study various spatial interaction patterns to test the robustness of our estimates and we find that spatial depend…

Environmental spillovers and their impacts on housing prices: A spatial hedonic analysis

This paper investigates the spatial dimension of environmental factors on housing prices. We develop spatial hedonic models to estimate the implicit prices of various environmental attributes. The spatial dimension can be interpreted in terms of local or global spillovers. We conduct an empirical study in the Loire estuary (France). We focus on natural areas and more artificialized ones (ocean frontage, wetlands, rivers, and noisy roads). We show that, depending on the spatial model used, the implicit price is more than just the estimated coefficient value and combines both a feedback effect and a propagation effect.

Matrices de pondérations et contexte spatio-temporel en économétrie spatiale

International audience

Nature et impacts des effets spatiaux sur les valeurs immobilières : le cas de l'espace urbanisé francilien

International audience

Politiques publiques, interactions et enjeux environnementaux

Compte rendu et analyses, Séminaire PUCA, 22 novembre 2012, Paris La Défense.

The European Regional Convergence Process, 1980-1995: Do Spatial Regimes and Spatial Dependence Matter?

International audience; The authors show that spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity matter in the estimation of the ß-convergence process among 138 European regions over the 1980 to 1995 period. Using spatial econometrics tools, the authors detect both spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity in the form of structural instability across spatial convergence clubs. The estimation of the appropriate spatial regimes spatial error model shows that the convergence process is different across regimes. The authors also estimate a strongly significant spatial spillover effect: the average growth rate of per capita GDP of a given region is positively affected by the average growth rate of …

Solidarité et occupations des logements : dispositifs et modèles d’analyse

Compte rendu et analyses, Séminaire PUCA, 24 septembre 2014, Paris La Défense.

Maîtrise de la croissance urbaine : outils, comportement des acteurs et impacts environnements

Quelles adéquations des marchés fonciers et immobiliers aux transformations socio-économiques des familles dans les territoires périurbains ?

Spatial Convergence Clubs and the European Growth Process, 1980-1995

Bernard Fingleton

Les territoires urbains polycentriques en Europe : de l'organisation économique à la gouvernance

La présente recherche a pour objectif d'étudier les nouvelles centralités au sein des territoires urbains en Europe, de mener une analyse comparative des modalités d'organisation économique et institutionnelle de ces territoires afin d'en dégager des orientations de recherches prospectives sur l'interface : Europe Polycentrique – Recomposition des centralités - Gouvernance urbaine. Cinq pays sont privilégiés : l'Allemagne, l'Espagne, la France, la Grande-Bretagne et l'Italie. Trois grilles d'analyse sont utilisées pour synthétiser les recherches : 1/ la forme "intra" ou "inter" urbaine des polarités économiques 2/ Les caractéristiques fonctionnelles des polarités 3/ les modes de gouvernance…

On the property of diffusion in the spatial error model.

International audience; The aim of this paper is to illustrate the property of global spillover effects in the first-order spatial autoregressive error model and the associated diffusion process of spatial shocks. An application is provided on a sample of 145 regions over 1989–1999 and highlights the most influential regions.

Convergence of European regions (an approach by spatial econometrics)

The aim of this paper is the analysis of spatial dependence in convergence processes applied to European regions. First, we apply the recently developed exploratory spatial data analysis (Anselin, 1996) in order to describe more precisely the geographical dynamics of European regional income growth patterns. New insights are brought to the usual cr-convergence measure, which hides geographical patterns that may fluctuate over time. Second, we test the presence of spatial autocorrelation in /^-convergence models by using spatial econometrics methods (Anselin, 1988 ; Anselin and Florax, 1995). We compare the results with and without spatial autocorrelation in order to assess the effect of geo…

Does the Spatial Weight Configuration Matter in the Determination of the Effects of Environmental Externalities on Housing Prices?

This paper highlights, from both a theoretical and an empirical point of view, how the choice of neighborhood and spatial weight affects the direct and indirect effects of environmental housing attributes on house price in environmental hedonic models.An original empirical investigation is herein undertaken for the area of the lower Loire estuary (France), in order to illustrate and complement our theoretical analysis. The first thing it shows is that as the radius of the neighborhood increases, the spatial specification changes from the Spatial Durbin to the SLAG model, which could modify the MWTP of the environmental attribute and therefore affect welfare analysis. It shows also that the …

Du service public de l’énergie au service public de l’efficacité énergétique : simple glissement sémantique ou nouvel ordre énergétique ?

Le service public de l’efficacité énergétique : une garantie de l’intérêt général des générations futures ? Compte-rendu du séminaire du programme Approches économiques des dynamiques urbaines

Les territoires urbains polycentriques en Europe : de l'organisation économique à la gouvernance

La présente recherche a pour objectif d'étudier les nouvelles centralités au sein des territoires urbains en Europe, de mener une analyse comparative des modalités d'organisation économique et institutionnelle de ces territoires afin d'en dégager des orientations de recherches prospectives sur l'interface : Europe Polycentrique – Recomposition des centralités - Gouvernance urbaine. Cinq pays sont privilégiés : l'Allemagne, l'Espagne, la France, la Grande-Bretagne et l'Italie. Trois grilles d'analyse sont utilisées pour synthétiser les recherches : 1/ la forme "intra" ou "inter" urbaine des polarités économiques 2/ Les caractéristiques fonctionnelles des polarités 3/ les modes de gouvernance…

Géographie des marchés, firmes globales et performance des métropoles européennes

National audience;

PARTIE 2 -LES IMPACTS ET DETERMINANTS SOCIAUX, ECONOMIQUES, SPATIAUX ET REGLEMENTAIRES DE L'ARTIFICIALISATION DES SOLS

International audience; Chapitre 1. Déterminants et impacts de la construction sur des terres agricoles, forestières ou semi-naturelles due aux dynamiques foncières et immobilières Chapitre 2. Périurbanisation des ménages, modes de vie, mobilités Chapitre 3. L'artificialisation par les infrastructures de transport, des déterminants du projet aux impacts sur l'occupation des sols Chapitre 4. Etalement logistique et artificialisation des sols Chapitre 5. L'artificialisation des littoraux : déterminants et impacts Chapitre 6. Aspects juridiques de l'artificialisation des sols

Croissance et dégradations environnementales

Compte rendu et analyses, Séminaire PUCA, 22 mars 2013, Paris La Défense.

La ville, la raison et le rêve : entre théorie et utopie

City, reason and dream : between theory and utopia. — This paper aims at comparing two kinds of discourses about the city, that of the microeconomics of cities, which is admitted in the realm of science, and that of Utopian cities, which is not. We analyse the processes of thinking which lead respectively to theory and utopia, then we compare the ideas of man and society upon which they are grounded. Finaly, we try to enhance the similarities and disimilarities between the two series of urban space representations to which these approaches lead. This comparison may contribute to a better understanding of the real nature of the theoretical discourse and lead both to a relativization and a va…

Estimation des effets de proximité dans le processus de convergence régionale : une approche par l'économétrie spatiale sur 92 régions européennes (1980-1995)

L'objectif de cet article est d'examiner les conséquences de la dépendance spatiale sur la croissance régionale et le processus de convergence. Sur un échantillon de 92 régions européennes sur la période 1980-1995, nous montrons que le modèle de b-convergence absolue doit être re-spécifié en raison de la présence d'auto-corrélation spatiale. Les méthodes de l'économétrie spatiale nous orientent vers une spécification avec erreurs spatialement auto-corrélées qui nous permet de mettre en évidence un effet de débordement géographique. Nous montrons ainsi que le taux de croissance d'une région est influencé positivement par les taux de croissance des régions contiguës.

Mutations urbaines et logiques de localisation des emplois: le cas de la Communauté de l'agglomération dijonnaise (1990, 1999).

The aim of this paper is to analyze the spatial changes in the Dijon urban area (COMADI) by studying in particular the new tendencies of localization of the high order producer services. Our results display a multicentric structure of the COMADI which exhibits several employment poles. Not only the economic composition of these poles differs between the central pole and the peripheral ones but this composition changes over the study period (1990-1999). New localization logics appear for the high order services : if the historical center remains specialized in financial activities, insurance and real estate (FIRE), the other producer services are more likely to be localized in the periphery.…

Urban economic segregation. What do we learn from zoning policies ? Some lessons

International audience

La culture en l'île-de-France: toujours une histoire de centralité urbaine

International audience

Le service public de l’énergie : définition et enjeux pour un service public de l’efficacité énergétique

Innovation in a system of cities How do knowledge spillovers flow across European cities

International audience; no abstract

Clubs de convergence et effets de débordements géographiques : une analyse spatiale sur données régionales européennes, 1980-1995

Our article offers an econometric model of spatial interactions for the empirical analysis of growth in European regions over the period 1980-1995. The model detects spatial spillover effects and makes it possible to take account of the European economy’s strong polarization. More specifically, by factoring in both spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity, we characterize the economic polarization pattern in European regions, identify convergence clubs, and model them as spatial regimes. We estimate a two-regime model with spatially autocorrelated errors and show that the convergence process differs between the two regimes. We find a strongly significant spatial spillover effect : …

La ville abstraite : une analyse des représentations théoriques de la ville

Par le terme générique de ville abstraite, nous désignons les représentations de la ville sur lesquelles s'appuie un discours théorique, économique, géographique ou social, positif ou normatif, ou qui sont l'objet d'un tel discours. Ces représentations sont des constructions mentales conscientes réalisées dans le but explicite de donner du sens à la ville, c'est-à-dire de n'en retenir que certains éléments jugés significatifs pour ce que l'on veut démontrer. Nous distinguons ce type de représentation de deux autres que nous ne traitons pas. La première est celle de la ville perçue. C'est une représentation mentale qui se construit dans l'esprit de l'individu qui se localise, vit dans la vil…

Développement durable : organisation spatiale des sociétés, climat, biodiversité, énergie, sécurité alimentaire

Conseil Scientifique du Conseil Supérieur de la Formation et de la Recherche Stratégiques; National audience;

Spatial effects of urban public policies on housing values

International audience; Problems of spatial segregation have often stressed on the social status and social capital of a neighbourhood as main driving forces behind housing price formation. In this paper, it is assumed that spatial effects are additional variables worth considering since the impact of urban policies such as social housing policies and urban regeneration policies may permeate outside the areas where they are implemented. Our case study is of the urban area of Dijon (France), where these two types of urban policies have been implemented in the last three decades. Spatial effects are introduced in the hedonic model and a spatial error model is estimated, revealing a positive a…

Ségrégation urbaine et éducation : quels enjeux pour les politiques publiques ?

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Ségrégation spatiale, nouvelles approches, nouveaux résultats

International audience

Définir la ville

The city can hardly be grasped by a simple definition. Most of the available definitions are statistical or descriptive and they fail to represent the complex, multidimensional and changing nature of the urban phenomenon. The definition proposed in this paper is related to economic theory of city formation and is based on the agglomeration process and the diversity of agents and activities.

Economie urbaine et densités", contribution au Rapport final "Formes et enjeux de la densification, vers un aménagement durable des territoires bourguignons

DREAL Bourgogne, Ademe Bourgogne et Conseil Régional de Bourgogne (2013-2015), juin 2015.;

Les solidarités, le logement abordable et le logement partagé : entre dispositifs juridiques et modèles économiques

Organisation spatiale et Dégradation environnementale : croissance et agglomération

Maîtrise de la croissance urbaine et régulation du foncier : outils et impacts

Compte rendu et analyses, Séminaire PUCA, 14 février 2014, Paris La Défense.

Is there a Market Value for Energy Performance in a Local Private Housing Market ? An efficiency analysis approach

This paper aims to find evidence of a “green value” in a local housing market using notarial data on a small urban area in France. We use frontier functions, an original approach that departs from customary hedonistic regressions, to model housing market prices as a production set bordered by an efficiency frontier estimated by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The paper tests if difference in prices (i.e. the distance from the frontier) can be explained by energy performance measured as a normalized categorical ascending kWh/m²/year grade (or Energy Performance Certificate -EPC). We show that there is significative evidence for energy performance's market value. The “Green Property Value” i…

Développement durable : organisation spatiale des sociétés, climat, biodiversité, énergie, sécurité alimentaire » in Question de Futurs

Rapport du Conseil Scientifique du Conseil Supérieur de la Formation et de la Recherche Stratégiques, Philippe Baumard (coord.), Edition du CNRS;

L’entreprise artisanale dans ses espaces de proximité : diversité des enjeux et des pratiques professionnelles

13 pages; National audience; Dans le cadre du Réseau Artisanat-Université® en Bourgogne, les auteurs ont analysé les relations de proximité des entreprises artisanales. « En distinguant 5 grands secteurs d'activités artisanales, [ils ont] testé, au sein du club et auprès d'un échantillon de chefs d'entreprises, si ces formes de proximité coexistaient et pouvaient conduire à une typologie des entreprises artisanales selon l'articulation plus ou moins forte, nécessaire ou recherchée, entre les «espaces» de proximité.»

Economie urbaine et mixité socio-économique : quelles perspectives de réconciliation ?

International audience

Empirical tests of the multicentric urban models

Since the seventies the effects of city size growth and diversification of economic activities on the multipolarisation of economic activities have questioned the theoretical and empirical appropriateness of the monocentric urban pattern to explain and describe the spatial organization of the modern metropolitan areas. New assumptions were based on multicentric and nonmonocentric urban economics models, which have become the core of new economic geography analysis during the nineties. At the same time, a lot of empirical studies have attempted to describe the urban economic patterns of North American metropolitan areas. Using this empirical literature, the aim of this paper is to propose a …

Advances in Spatial Econometrics: Methodology, Tools and Applications

Luc Anselin, Raymond Florax, Sergio Rey, Springer, 2004; Recension publié dans : Journal of Regional Science, 45, 4, p. 866-870

Les études hédoniques soutiennent-elles une valeur verte élevée dans le bâtiment ? Une réponse par la méta-analyse

International audience; La place majeure occupée par le secteur du bâtiment dans la consommation d'énergie (40%) et les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (1/3 des émissions) explique le développement du débat scientifique axé sur la réduction de l'impact environnemental du bâtit et sur ses leviers. Ces dernières années ont notamment vu croitre une littérature considérable relative à la disposition à payer du public pour les bâtiments « verts » labélisés par des écolabels, cette « valeur verte » étant estimée dans la grande majorité des études via des modèles hédoniques. Dans cet article, nous proposons d'offrir une synthèse de ces résultats dans le cadre d'une méta-analyse portant sur plus …

Spatial Convergence Clubs and the European Regional Growth Process,1980–1995

In international cross-country studies, evidence for club convergence has often been found using different methodologies (Baumol 1986; Durlauf and Johnson 1995; Quah 1996a, 1997). In the case of the European regions, Ertur and Le Gallo (see Chap. 2) and Le Gallo et al. (see Chap. 3) have shown that the convergence rate among European regions is slow and that GDP disparities seem to be persistent despite the European economic integration process and higher growth rates of some poorer regions, as highlighted as well in the European Commission reports (1996, 1999). Moreover, over the 1980–1995 period, Ertur and Le Gallo (see Chap. 2) found that the geographical distribution of European regions…