0000000000948579
AUTHOR
Adrien Rusch
Biological protection against grape berry moths. A review
International audience; Grape is a major crop, covering 7.5 M ha worldwide, that is currently being confronted with three main challenges: intensive pesticide use that must be reduced, invasion by new pests/diseases, and climate change. The biological control of pests and vectors would help address these challenges. Here, we review the scientific literature on the biological control of grape moths by macroorganisms (excluding nematodes). Two components, biological control with an active human role, mainly using biocontrol agents through inundation or inoculation, and conservation biological control, are considered. The major points are the following. (1) Tortricid grape moths seriously dama…
The interplay of landscape composition and configuration: new pathways to manage functional biodiversity and agroecosystem services across Europe
Managing agricultural landscapes to support biodiversity and ecosystem services is a key aim of a sustainable agriculture. However, how the spatial arrangement of crop fields and other habitats in landscapes impacts arthropods and their functions is poorly known. Synthesising data from 49 studies (1515 landscapes) across Europe, we examined effects of landscape composition (% habitats) and configuration (edge density) on arthropods in fields and their margins, pest control, pollination and yields. Configuration effects interacted with the proportions of crop and non-crop habitats, and species’ dietary, dispersal and overwintering traits led to contrasting responses to landscape variables. O…
La distribution des biomasses dans les communautés de prédateurs détermine les niveaux de régulation naturelles des ravageurs
National audience; La relation entre biodiversité et fonctionnement des écosystèmes a été largement étudiée ces dernières décennies. Bien que la richesse spécifique soit un important aspect de la biodiversité qui supporte le fonctionnement de l’écosystème, l’aspect fonctionnel ainsi que la distribution des traits des communautés influence également la fourniture de certaines fonctions comme la régulation naturelle des bioagresseurs. Peu d’études à l’heure actuelle analysent le lien entre changements environnementaux, structure des communautés et niveaux de fonctions supportées par la biodiversité. Pour explorer ces relations, nous avons analysé un jeu de données basé sur l’échantillonnage d…
Untangling the effects of local and landscape structure on pest predation by natural enemies in an intensive crop agroecosystem
EAGESTAD INRA; In agricultural crops, the use of biological control to reduce pest damages thanks to predation by natural enemies is an important ecosystem service. Unfortunately, the numerous mechanisms driving the efficiency of the predation function in agroecosystems are and often confounding. In this study, we investigated how local covariates and farming landscape structure affect predation rates of crop pest species in an intensive agricultural landscape in mid-west France. In 2016, predation rates of aphid and weed seeds of one species were quantified in a total of 120 fields, comprising four different types of crops as well as grasslands, selected along two landscape gradients: prop…
Ecologie des communautés, réseaux trophiques et régulation naturelle
International audience; Types d’interaction au sein des communautés et régulation naturelle.Relations entre diversité horizontale des communautés d’ennemis naturels et régulation naturelle.Effet de la diversité verticale des communautés sur les niveaux de régulation naturelle.Métacommunautés et écologie du paysage.
Data from: The interplay of landscape composition and configuration: new pathways to manage functional biodiversity and agro-ecosystem services across Europe
[Usage Notes] Martin et al_2019_datatables Data used in Martin et al. (2019) compiled from 49 studies and 1,515 landscapes across Europe. Includes data on the abundance of arthropod species per site and data on pollination, natural pest control and yields in crops across Europe. Martin et al_2019_data tables_300319.xlsx Martin et al_2019_traits database Functional traits data for 2088 species (morphospecies, individuals) from 144 arthropod families sampled in agricultural landscapes across Europe. All traits are categorical and based on published literature or expert knowledge. They are described in Table 1 and Appendix S1 of Martin et al. (2019). The traits included are: feeding habit ('Fu…