Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.

Background: Healthy life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) provide summary measures of health across geographies and time that can inform assessments of epidemiological patterns and health system performance, help to prioritise investments in research and development, and monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We aimed to provide updated HALE and DALYs for geographies worldwide and evaluate how disease burden changes with development. Methods: We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015) for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE a…

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.

BACKGROUND: Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world's population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from causes affecting children, to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) more common in adults. For the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we estimated the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for diseases and injuries at the global, regional, and national scale over the period of 1990 to 2015.

Early age of onset, brain morphological changes and non-consistent motor asymmetry in schizophrenic patients.

Previous data suggest abnormalities in the consistence of motor dominance in schizophrenia (e.g. mixed-handedness, poor correlation between hand, eye and foot preferences and an increase of hand-eye crossed dominance). The aim of this work is to examine the clinical significance of hand-eye and hand-foot crossed dominance in a sample of 61 right-handed schizophrenic patients. The application of multivariate analysis revealed that 23 right-handed and non-right-eyed patients (crossed hand-eye dominant group) had a significant earlier clinical onset and smaller brain size, global and frontal area, than 38 right-handed and right-eyed schizophrenics (consistent hand-eye dominance group). These f…

On the dimerization of the primitive tRNAs: implications in the origin of genetic code.

RNAs that catalyse their own aminoacylation have been recently selected in vitro. These findings support the notion that the primitive aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases may have been RNAs. In this paper, we propose a structural model for the first aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase consisting of an RNA complex formed between two primitive tRNA molecules through two intermolecular loop-strand interactions, and with implications in the origin of the genetic code.

On the function of modified nucleosides in the RNA world.

Presumably ribosome and transfer RNA (tRNA) evolved from a pre-existing function in the RNA stage of life and were secondarily adapted for protein synthesis. Various possible initial functions of the primitive ribosome (protoribosome) have been suggested. The initial function of the primitive ribosome and primitive genetic translation would have been quite similar. It is possible that, initially, both functions coexisted in the protoribosome. Given that the three-dimensional structure of ribosomal RNAs shows only minor variations throughout time, it is, then, most likely that present ribosomes can still recall (remember) the most important parts of the mechanism of their initial function. A…

Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: a baseline analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.

BACKGROUND: In September, 2015, the UN General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs specify 17 universal goals, 169 targets, and 230 indicators leading up to 2030. We provide an analysis of 33 health-related SDG indicators based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015)

Estimates of global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980-2015: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

BACKGROUND: Timely assessment of the burden of HIV/AIDS is essential for policy setting and programme evaluation. In this report from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we provide national estimates of levels and trends of HIV/AIDS incidence, prevalence, coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and mortality for 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015.

Aproximación psicopatológica a El Quijote (según la nosología psiquiátrica actual)

Se analiza la psicopatología de Don Quijote y se revisan los estudios previos sobre el personaje, tanto desde la perspectiva médica como la literaria. Considerando el enfoque de la nosología psiquiátrica actual, Don Quijote cumpliría criterios para un Trastorno Delirante y esto se argumenta en base a la génesis del delirio, la sintomatología y los rasgos formales del delirio. Asimismo, se propone el diagnóstico de Trastorno Psicótico Compartido para la pareja protagonista (Don Quijote y Sancho).

Plan de acción en salud mental, drogodependencias y conductas adictivas. Comunitat Valenciana 2023-2026

La exposición permanente y acumulativa a situaciones adversas globales está descompensando a personas con enfermedad mental pero también nos avisa que cualquiera puede alcanzar la condición de persona depresiva, adicta, bebedora, angustiada, con deterioro cognitivo o con intención de morirse. Ante esta preocupación, La Generalitat Valenciana y la Universidad de Valencia llegan a un acuerdo de colaboración para la elaboración del Plan de Acción en Salud Mental, Drogodependencias y Conductas Adictivas de la Comunidad Valenciana (2023-2026) a través de un proceso deliberativo y participativo en el que se ha otorgado un papel protagonista a la ciudadanía. El resultado de este plan son 8 grandes…

Lateralidad motora y esquizofrenia

Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.

BACKGROUND: In transitioning from the Millennium Development Goal to the Sustainable Development Goal era, it is imperative to comprehensively assess progress toward reducing maternal mortality to identify areas of success, remaining challenges, and frame policy discussions. We aimed to quantify maternal mortality throughout the world by underlying cause and age from 1990 to 2015.

Healthcare access and quality index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015: a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

FINDINGS: Between 1990 and 2015, nearly all countries and territories saw their HAQ Index values improve; nonetheless, the difference between the highest and lowest observed HAQ Index was larger in 2015 than in 1990, ranging from 28·6 to 94·6. Of 195 geographies, 167 had statistically significant increases in HAQ Index levels since 1990, with South Korea, Turkey, Peru, China, and the Maldives recording among the largest gains by 2015. Performance on the HAQ Index and individual causes showed distinct patterns by region and level of development, yet substantial heterogeneities emerged for several causes, including cancers in highest-SDI countries; chronic kidney disease, diabetes, diarrhoeal…

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors 2017 includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include incr…

Global, regional, and national burden of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) are increasingly recognised as global health priorities in view of the preventability of most injuries and the complex and expensive medical care they necessitate. We aimed to measure the incidence, prevalence, and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for TBI and SCI from all causes of injury in every country, to describe how these measures have changed between 1990 and 2016, and to estimate the proportion of TBI and SCI cases caused by different types of injury. METHODS: We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study 2016 to measure the global, regional, and national burden of TBI an…

Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

BACKGROUND: Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. These results informed an in-depth investigation of observed and expected mortality patterns based on sociodemographic measures.