Use of translational genomics to identify genes important for legume seed filling

International audience; Translational genomics, i.e., the transfer of genetic information from model species to cultivated crops, is on the brink of revolutionizing plant breeding. The recent publication of genomic sequences for several cultivated legumes is also accelerating this process. For pea, recent highthroughput RNA sequencing, and the prospect of a genome sequencing project, will further accelerate the transfer of information from the Medicago truncatula model to the cultivated crop. We have been using genomics approaches with Medicago as a tool to identify key genes determining seed yield and composition in closely related legumes. Analyses of the proteome and transcriptome of the…

Propriétés organoleptiques des graines de pois : la génétique peut-elle améliorer le goût ?

L'utilisation de légumineuses comme source de protéines dans les produits alimentaires transformés est souvent limitée par le goût « vert » désagréable qu'elles peuvent conférer. Parmi les composés source de mauvais goût figurent les saponines, des triterpènes glycosylés qui contribuent à l'amertume, et les composés organiques volatiles (COV), notamment l’héxanal, qui proviennent de l’oxydation des acides gras insaturés présents dans les graines par des lipoxygénases, et qui donnent un goût « vert, herbeux » au produit fini. Les méthoxypyrazines se trouvent également en petites quantités dans les graines et pourraient être aussi impliquées dans la détermination de la note verte, bien que le…

Effet de la variété sur les teneurs en métabolites secondaires dans les farines de pois

National audience

Characterization of the biosynthesis of saponins during seed development in peas (Pisum sativum)

National audience; The use of pulses as ingredients for the production of food products rich in plant proteins is increasing. However, protein fractions prepared from pea or other pulses contain significant amounts of saponins, glycosylated triterpenes which can impart a bitter taste to the final food product. Bitter flavours are currently either removed by energy-requiring physico-chemical treatments or masked by additives. We are in the process of identifying and characterizing the genes involved in saponin biosynthesis during pea seed development, with the objective of identifying mutants in which seed saponins no longer accumulate. To do this we have applied a saponin extraction protoco…

Grain legumes for human consumption: management of off-flavours

International audience

Déterminisme génétique de la qualité de la graine chez le pois et outils pour la sélection

Document de synthèse du groupe de travail "enjeux et questions de recherche sur protéines végétales communes entre les départements TRANSFORM & BAP"

National audience

Dissection of pea responses to water stress during seed filling identifies candidate genes for drought tolerance

International audience; Given their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, legumes are pivotal to the development of sustainable agriculture in Europe as a source of protein for food and feed. Pea (Pisum sativum) is currently the leading grain legume crop in France and major efforts are being made to reintroduce legumes as protein crops in Europe. However, instability of seed yield and quality due to environmental fluctuations still represent a real barrier for the development of these cultures, and breeding for stable yields is needed. In pea, drought stress occurring during the reproductive phase can greatly affect seed yield and quality. We investigated the response of pea plants (var. Cam…

Co-Editor-in-Chief, Wiley Revue OA Legume Science depuis 2019

Pea MUlti-STress adaptation and biological regulations for yield improvement and stability

National audience; Protein crops including pea are of high environmental and nutritional interest within the current context of climate change and reduction of inputs. However, pea yield irregularity due to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses limits its development in European cropping systems. Targetting muti-stress resistance and seed yield stability, PeaMUST (Pea MUlti-STress adaptation and biological regulations for yield improvement and stability) is an 8-year large French national project (2012- 2020) aiming at improving pea varieties to boost their introduction in cropping systems. Benefitting from an exceptional partnership of 28 public and private organisations and a wide range of…

Membres du comité d’organisation logistique local

International audience

Vers des variétés de légumineuses à graines mieux adaptées à l’alimentation humaine

National audience; Les légumineuses font partie des aliments de l’homme depuis les premiers âges de l’agriculture et sont très présentes dans les repas des pays en développement. Outre un apport en réserves carbonées qui selon les espèces sont à dominante d’amidons ou de lipides, ces graines riches en protéines enrichissent les régimes en acides aminés très complémentaires de ceux des céréales. L’aptitude des racines de légumineuses à établir une symbiose avec des bactéries rhizobiacées qui leur permet d’utiliser l’azote de l’air comme principale ressource d’azote, combinée à une consommation directe par l’homme de ces graines qui permet de diminuer la consommation de viandes, constituent u…

Use of translational genomics to identify genes important for legume seed development

BAP Pôle GEAPSI; International audience; We have exploited the extensive synteny between the model legume Medicago truncatula and the cultivated garden pea, Pisumsativum, to identify loci controlling seed filling and seedcomposition in the crop species. QTLs for these traits are mapped by analyzing variation with in collections of recombinant inbred lines. Candidate genes with in the QTL intervals are identified by reference to the M.truncatula genomic sequence. This approach was used to uncover an endosperm subtilase that is associated with syntenic seed weight QTLs in Medicago and pea, and we discuss the possible role played by this enzyme in contributing to final seed weight.

The role of sulfur in the control of seed quality traits in legumes: from model to crop species

National audience; voir pdf

Regulation of legume seed size by an endosperm-expressed transcription factor

BAP Pôle GEAPSI; International audience; There are numerous reports of transcription factors (TFs) which are implicated in the control of seed size and seed composition. We have identified, using a platform of TF sequences derived from the Medicago truncatula genome sequence, a class of TFs specifically expressed during the seed filling stage. One such TF, DASH, was shown to be confined to the developing endosperm. We investigated the role played by DASH through analysis of mutant alleles. These give rise to seed-lethal or near-lethal phenotypes, with degeneration of the endosperm and arrested embryo development. The relation of this phenotype to seed auxin action was investigated.

L'amélioration de la qualité de la graine dans toutes ses dimensions, par le levier génétique

Les légumineuses sont capables d’accumuler des quantités importantes de protéines dans leurs graines même en l’absence d’engrais azoté, ce qui fait d’elles des espèces à haut potentiel pour relever les défis alimentaires et accompagner la transition agroécologique. Des avancées génétiques ont permis de réduire la présence de certains facteurs « anti-nutritionnels » dans les graines de pois et de féverole (exemple des variétés pauvres en tanins, en inhibiteurs trypsiques, ou en vicine et convicine). Afin de promouvoir l’utilisation de ces graines en alimentation humaine, il est nécessaire d’aller plus loin dans l’amélioration de leur valeur nutritionnelle, en termes de teneur et composition …

A new journal on the legume research horizon - Legume Perspectives; Legume Perspectives Editorial Board

International audience; Through the decades of research on various legume species and crops worldwide, its results have been published in an endless number of national and international journals and magazines dealing with various topics. It is certain that the articles on genetics, propelled by Mendel’s pioneering work, are among the most numerous, but it is also true that those on agronomy, agro-ecology, or stress tolerance were produced rather abundantly. So far, there has not been a journal devoted specifically to legume science, except Legume Research published by the Agricultural Research Communication Centre, India. We have published our articles in several crop-specific journals, suc…

Editorial

Genetic diversity for seed protein composition in Meticago truncatula

International audience

Achievements from GLIP functional genomics platforms

Format du poster : N° W212  Format du poster : N° W212; absent

Un projet générateur d'outils et de ressources

National audience

« PPHD » : A Platform For High Throughput Phenotyping of Plant/Plant and Plant/Microorganisms Interactions

International audience

L’avenir des légumineuses dans l’alimentation humaine : conclusion du Workshop

National audience; Face au défi de l’alimentation d’une population humaine mondiale croissante, il faut produire mieux en utilisant moins de ressources et en utilisant des stratégies plus respectueuses de l’environnement. Les légumineuses représentent un élément-clé pour une agriculture durable de par leur capacité de fixer l’azote atmosphérique et ainsi réduire l’utilisation des engrais de synthèse. D’autre part, les produits de légumineuses peuvent être des sources riches en protéines pour l’alimentation humaine, mais cette ressource est encore sous-utilisée et la plus grande partie de la production est utilisée pour l’alimentation animale. En outre, la filière protéagineuse européenne es…

Pea TILLING platform

Includes the Final Dissemination Event of the EU Grain Legumes Integrated Project; International audience

Aide à la sélection : nouvelles méthodes basées sur les gènes

Virtuel; National audience

Membres du comité d'organisation scientifique

International audience

Adapter la composition protéique des graines de légumineuses en fonction des usages

National audience

PeaMUST (2012-2019) – Pea Multi-Stress adaptation and biological regulations for yield improvement and stability

BAP GEAPSI INRA; International audience; PeaMUST (2012-2019) is a large French national project whose objective is to develop novel pea varieties and optimize plant-symbiotic interactions for stabilized seed yield and quality, in the context of climate change and pesticide reduction. With the involvement of 28 partners from the public and private sectors, it will take advantage of NGS sequencing, genotyping and phenotyping technologies, to tackle the challenge of multiple stresses that penalize the performance of the pea crop.

La génétique au service du goût : caractérisation de mutants pour l'accumulation de saponines et l'activité lipoxygènase dans la graines de pois (Pisum sativum)

International audience

Legume adaptation to sulfur deficiency

BAPSPEEAGEAPSIIPM; Because sulfur-deficiency represents an agronomic issue for crops and notably for the quality of legume products, it is necessary to provide sulfur fertilizers according to crop sulfur needs along with improving sulfur use efficiency. To achieve this goal, increased knowledge of how plants respond to sulfur-deficiency is required. We subjected Medicago truncatula, a model legume species, to sulfur deficiency at different developmental stages and compared yield, nutrient allocation and seed traits. We revealed an impressive plasticity of M. truncatula that varied according to the S-stress period and influenced seed composition and germination. Sulfur deficiency at a mid-ve…

Legumes and the environment

Prod 2017-358a BAP GEAPSI INRA; International audience; The ability of legumes to fix atmospheric nitrogen gives them a crucial role in sustainable farming systems. Their presence can provide several other valuable ecological services. In Europe these assets have been neglected whilst developing highinput farming systems for maximizing yields. Diverse strategies are presented for maximizing ecological services provided by legumes in order to re-integrate them in cropping systems. Key words: Inputs, intercrop, ecological services, mineralization, weeds, N-fixation, value chain The second plenary session of the International Legume Society conference was dedicated to talks on “Legume and envi…

The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase PUB1 negatively regulates both nodulation and mycorrhization in Medicago truncatula

International audience

The contribution of M. truncatula to the understanding of complex developmental processes in legumes: the case for seed reserve accumulation

National audience

TILLING resources in pea: a valuable tool for functional validation

Prod 2019-88t BAP GEAPSI INRA; National audience; Since 2004, two INRA teams (UMR Agroecology Dijon and IJBP, Versailles), both partners of PEAMUST, have created 3 EMS-induced mutant collections in the framework of European or French ANR projects. The genotypes chosen for these collections have specific agronomic traits according to the research subject. For example, the Terese rms3 and -rms4 branched genotypes (Rameau et al., 1997) are well suited to the study of shoot architecture in relation with strigolactone and the lines easy to grow and to backcross in glasshouse conditions. Caméor, an early cultivar with high seed protein content, is the reference genotype for the pea sequencing pro…