0000000001037569
AUTHOR
J. De La Torre
Study of liquid–liquid equilibrium of the systems isobutyl acetate+acetic acid+water and isobutyl alcohol+acetic acid+water at different temperatures
Abstract In this work, experimental liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) data of the systems isobutyl acetate + acetic acid + water and isobutyl alcohol + acetic acid + water are presented. The liquid–liquid equilibria of both systems have been measured at 283.15 and 323.15 K. The NRTL and UNIQUAC models were applied to fit the data for both ternary systems. The interaction parameters obtained from both models successfully correlated the equilibrium compositions. The experimental tie lines were compared to the values predicted by the UNIFAC method. Moreover, the solvent capabilities of isobutyl acetate and isobutyl alcohol were compared.
Vapor−Liquid Equilibria for the Binary Systems Isobutanol with m-Xylene, o-Xylene and p-Xylene at 101.3 kPa
Vapor−liquid equilibria were measured for binary systems of isobutanol with m-xylene, o-xylene, and p-xylene at 101.3 kPa using a recirculating still. The accuracy of experimental measurements was ±0.1 K in temperature, ±0.01 kPa in pressure, and ±0.001 in mole fraction. The results were determined to be thermodynamically consistent according to the point-to-point consistency and Wisniak tests. All the systems show moderate positive deviations from ideality. The data were correlated with five liquid-phase activity coefficient models (Margules, Van Laar, Wilson, NRTL, UNIQUAC).
Increase in transmitted resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections in Europe
Background: One out of ten newly diagnosed patients in Europe was infected with a virus carrying a drug resistant mutation. We analysed the patterns over time for transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRM) using data from the European Spread program.Methods: Clinical, epidemiological and virological data from 4317 patients newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection between 2002 and 2007 were analysed. Patients were enrolled using a pre-defined sampling strategy.Results: The overall prevalence of TDRM in this period was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1-9.8). Interestingly, significant changes over time in TDRM caused by the different drug classes were found. Whereas nucleoside resistance mutations remained con…
Phase equilibria in the ternary system isobutyl alcohol+isobutyl acetate+1-hexanol and the binary systems isobutyl alcohol+1-hexanol, isobutyl acetate+1-hexanol at 101.3kPa
Abstract Consistent vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at 101.3 kPa have been determined for the ternary system isobutyl alcohol (IBA) + isobutyl acetate (IBAc) + 1-hexanol and two constituent binary systems: IBA + 1-hexanol and IBAc + 1-hexanol. The IBA + 1-hexanol system exhibits no deviation from ideal behaviour and IBAc + 1-hexanol system show lightly positive deviation from Raoult's law. The activity coefficients of the solutions were correlated with its composition by the Wilson, NRTL, UNIQUAC models. The ternary system is well predicted from binary interaction parameters. 1-Hexanol eliminates the IBA–IBAc binary azeotrope. However, the change of phase equilibria behaviour is small t…
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study
Abstract Background Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18–49, 50–69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results NNVs were more favourable in su…
Liquid–liquid equlibria of the system dimethyl carbonate+methanol+water at different temperatures
Abstract In this work, experimental liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) data of the dimethyl carbonate + methanol + water system are presented. The LLE of this system has been measured from 283 to 333 K. On the other hand, LLE and LVE of the binary system dimethyl carbonate + water have been measured. The equilibrium data presented are correlated using NRTL and UNIQUAC equations. The reliability of these models is tested by comparison with experimental results. Finally, the VLE for the system DMC + water at 101.3 kPa was predicted using the UNIQUAC model, with the adjusted parameters obtained from the LLE data. This prediction was successful when is compared with the experimental VLE data.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Continuum of Care in 11 European Union Countries at the End of 2016 Overall and by Key Population: Have We Made Progress?
Abstract Background High uptake of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is essential to reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and related mortality; however, gaps in care exist. We aimed to construct the continuum of HIV care (CoC) in 2016 in 11 European Union (EU) countries, overall and by key population and sex. To estimate progress toward the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 target, we compared 2016 to 2013 estimates for the same countries, representing 73% of the population in the region. Methods A CoC with the following 4 stages was constructed: number of people living with HIV (PLHIV); proportion of PLHIV diagnosed; proportion of those diagnosed …
Vapor–liquid equilibria in the ternary system isobutyl alcohol+isobutyl acetate+butyl propionate and the binary systems isobutyl alcohol+butyl propionate, isobutyl acetate+butyl propionate at 101.3kPa
Abstract Consistent vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at 101.3 kPa have been determined for the ternary system isobutyl alcohol (IBA) + isobutyl acetate (IBAc) + butyl propionate (BUP) and two constituent binary systems: IBA + BUP and IBAc + BUP. The IBA + BUP system show lightly positive deviation from Raoult's law and IBAc + BUP system exhibits no deviation from ideal behaviour. The activity coefficients of the solutions were correlated with its composition by the Wilson, NRTL, UNIQUAC models. The ternary system is very well predicted from binary interaction parameters. BUP eliminates the IBA–IBAc binary azeotrope. The change of phase equilibria behaviour is significant therefore this s…
Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibria for the binary systems isobutyl alcohol+isobutyl acetate and tert-butyl alcohol+tert-butyl acetate at 20 and 101.3kPa
Abstract New consistent vapor–liquid equilibrium data for the binary systems isobutyl alcohol (IBA) + isobutyl acetate (IBAc) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) + tert-butyl acetate (TBAc) are reported at 20 and 101.3 kPa. The IBA + IBAc system, which deviates positively from ideal behavior, can be described as symmetric solution and presents azeotrope at both pressures. The TBA + TBAc system shows positive deviations from ideal behavior and presents azeotrope only at 20 kPa. The activity coefficients and boiling points of the solutions were correlated with their composition by the Wilson, UNIQUAC, NRTL and Wisniak–Tamir equations.
Liquid–liquid equilibria of the systems isobutyl acetate+isobutyl alcohol+water and isobutyl acetate+isobutyl alcohol+glycerol at different temperatures
Abstract In this work, experimental liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) data of the isobutyl acetate + isobutyl alcohol + water and isobutyl acetate + isobutyl alcohol + glycerol systems are presented. The LLE of both systems have been measured at 283.15 and 323.15 K. The NRTL and UNIQUAC models were applied to both ternary systems. The interaction parameters obtained from both models successfully correlated the equilibrium compositions. The experimental tie lines were compared to the values predicted by the UNIFAC method. Moreover, the solvent capabilities of water and glycerol were compared.
Liquid–liquid equlibria of the mixture linalool+ethanol+water at different temperatures
Abstract In this work, experimental liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) data of the linalool + ethanol + water system are presented. The LLE of this system has been measured at 293.15, 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15 K. The equilibrium data presented are correlated using NRTL and UNIQUAC equations. Finally, the reliability of these models is tested by comparison with experimental results.
Separation of isobutyl alcohol and isobutyl acetate by extractive distillation and pressure-swing distillation: Simulation and optimization
Abstract We have studied, simulated and evaluated economically two separation alternatives of a mixture made up of 52 mole% of isobutyl alcohol and 48 mole% of isobutyl acetate by means of a practical case of a plant to treat 12,000 Tm/year of the original mixture. The simulation has been carried out satisfactorily by means of a package of commercial software (Aspen HYSYS ® ) using the thermodynamic model UNIQUAC with binary parameters obtained experimentally by us. The two processes evaluated (extractive distillation using n -butyl propionate as a solvent and pressure-swing distillation) have been optimized independently from each other and the best configurations have been evaluated econo…
Limited cross-border infections in patients newly diagnosed with HIV in Europe
Background: International travel plays a role in the spread of HIV-1 across Europe. It is, however, not known whether international travel is more important for spread of the epidemic as compared to endogenous infections within single countries. In this study, phylogenetic associations among HIV of newly diagnosed patients were determined across Europe.Results: Data came from the SPREAD programme which collects samples of newly diagnosed patients that are representative for national HIV epidemics. 4260 pol sequences from 25 European countries and Israel collected in 2002-2007 were included.We identified 457 clusters including 1330 persons (31.2% of all patients). The cluster size ranged bet…
Phase equilibria in the systems isobutyl alcohol+N,N-dimethylformamide, isobutyl acetate+N,N-dimethylformamide and isobutyl alcohol+isobutyl acetate+N,N-dimethylformamide at 101.3kPa
Abstract Consistent vapor–liquid equilibria (VLE) were determined for the ternary system isobutyl alcohol (IBA) + isobutyl acetate (IBAc) + N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and two constituent binary systems at 101.3 kPa. The IBA + DMF system exhibits negative deviation from ideal behaviour and IBAc + DMF system deviates positively from ideal behaviour. The activity coefficients of the solutions were correlated with its composition by the Wilson, NRTL and UNIQUAC models. The ternary system is well predicted from binary interaction parameters.