Groupe de travail COLUMA Bourgogne Franche-Comté : analyse et cartographie de la résistance aux herbicides sur céréales

This working group made a survey and drew maps of herbicide resistances in cereal crops according to modes of action and weed species. These resistances concern mainly grass weeds but also one dicot weeds.

Membres du comité d’organisation scientifique et logistique

National audience

Lutte contre les mauvaises herbes, dix lustres en lumière

National audience

Histoire de l’utilisation des herbicides sur deux grandes cultures en France

Wheat and vineyard are two emblematic crops of French cropping systems. Weedmanagement in these crops have been at the root of the development of chemical weedcontrol in France for many other crops. The data presented in this study were collected inthe “index phytosanitaires ACTA” from 1961 to 2010. This paper presents the evolution ofnumber of herbicide molecules and mixtures, and number of commercial products availablefor these two crops. Finally, the modes of action (HRAC classification) is proposed for eachcrops.

Réduction du nombre de molécules herbicides : conséquences par culture. Problématique particulière de la gestion de la flore adventice

All national and European legislations contribute to the present reduction in the available herbicide number. This evolution leads to the decrease in the number of chemical families and to a dramatic reduction of the number of modes of action in some crops or crop rotations. This could lead to the selection of new herbicide resistances. So we may find contrasted situations: crops weeded with only a few herbicides or some herbicides used in almost all crops. The drastic reduction in the available active ingredients without taking into account the benefit-risk ratio or without planning realistic alternative solutions may create tougher agronomic constraints. A data base built up from all the …

Les graminées adventices résistantes aux herbicides antigraminées en France

National audience

Historique de l'utilisation des herbicides en France: premières analyses

A data base on the herbicides used in France since 1961 has been built up from the phytosanitary index annually edited by the Association de Coordination Technique Agricole (ACTA). This data base gives the number of active ingredients, associations and commercial products registered every year and for each crop. We also gathered the modes of action, the way of absorption sites and the species susceptibility. Since 1961, 215 molecules have been registered. The number increased regularly with a maximum of 138 in 2002 and only around 100 remain in 2010. The evolution of the number of modes of action available for weed control in wheat is discussed.

Cinq élues et des candidates : enquête sur les mauvaises herbes envahissantes en grandes cultures en France

National audience

Hérédité et expression des résistances aux herbicides; exemple du vulpin resistant au chlorotoluron

International audience

History of chemical weeding from 1944 to 2011 in France: Changes and evolution of herbicide molecules

International audience; Herbicide development in France has been analysed from a historical and agronomical perspective. A database was built up from data collected from the archives of the Ministry of Agriculture Food and Fisheries and from French phytosanitary compendia edited since 1961 by the Association de Coordination Technique Agricole. Only herbicides used in cultivated areas were retained. The first organic synthetic herbicides were registered on cereals after the Second World War. Since 1944, a total of 225 herbicidal active ingredients have been registered in France. The number of active ingredients regularly increased with a maximum of 138 in 2002; 104 were still authorized in 2…

Modelling binary mixtures of herbicides in populations resistant to one of the components: evaluation for resistance management

BACKGROUND: Herbicide mixtures are commonly proposed to delay the selection of herbicide resistance in susceptible populations (called the SM strategy). However, in practice, herbicide mixtures are often used when resistance to one of the two active ingredients has already been detected in the targeted population (called the RM strategy). It is doubtful whether such a practice can select against resistance, as the corresponding selection pressure is still exerted. As a consequence, the effect of mixtures on the evolution of an already detected resistance to one of the herbicides in the combination remains largely unexplored. In the present work, a simple model was developed to explore furth…

Membres du comité d’organisation scientifique et logistique

SPEEAGESTADAGROSUP; Membres du comité d’organisation scientifique et logistique. 23. Conférence du COLUMA - Journées Internationales sur la Lutte contre les Mauvaises Herbes

AFPP - 22nd COLUMA Conference - International Meeting on Weed Control

Biologie et differenciations taxonomique d'une mauvaise herbe Echinochloa crus galli (L) P.B.

National audience

Herbicide resistance in France

* INRA URD BP 86510 21065 Dijon cedex (FRA); International audience

Comment mesurer l'impact sur l'environnement des plantes transgéniques?

National audience

Des mauvaises herbes a bien connaitre pour un desherbage efficace

National audience

Management of transgenic crops within the cropping system

International audience

A multisite-cooperative research programme on risk assessment of transgenic crops

Genetically modified plants are now being commercialised in several countries as regulatory authorities consider that the balance of risk versus benefit is beneficial. However, numerous questions remain unanswered, especially the impact of these plants when used over large areas and under a range of variable environmental conditions. Some issues need to be re-evaluated [1, 2]. Risk/safety analysis, as well as prospects of transgenic crops depend on the scale which is to be considered. Extrapolation of methods, and laboratory and greenhouse results, to large-scale farmers’ fields, may provide useful preliminary data, but is not a sound approach to the study of the consequences of the commerc…

Rapid determination of herbicide resistance pattern in blackgrass

International audience

PCR-based detection of resistance to acetyl-CoA carboxylase-inhibiting herbicides in black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds) and ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud)

International audience

Polymorphisme enzymatique de populations sensibles et résistantes au chlortoluron chez Alopecurus myosuroïdes Huds

National audience

Le coquelicot est-il le symnbole du naturel ?

National audience

Conception et évaluation expérimentale de stratégies de lutte intégrée contre les mauvaises herbes, associant lutte préventive, lutte curative chimique raisonnée et non chimique, et innovations techniques

* INRA UR Innovations socio-techniques et organisationnelles en agriculture LISTO-D ENESAD 26 boulevard Dr Petitjean BP 87999 21079 DIJON CEDEX Diffusion du document : INRA UR Innovations socio-techniques et organisationnelles en agriculture LISTO-D ENESAD 26 boulevard Dr Petitjean BP 87999 21079 DIJON CEDEX; National audience; Ces recherches ont été menées dans le cadre de l'action "Protection Intégrée des Cultures". Le projet, comporte 2 niveaux d'objectifs : - contribuer à améliorer la compréhension des effets des systèmes de culture sur la flore adventice, en quantifiant les effets de techniques culturales (effets "partiels"), en fonction des états du milieu, et en analysant les interac…

The dominance of the herbicide resistance cost in several Arabidopsis thaliana mutant lines

Abstract Resistance evolution depends upon the balance between advantage and disadvantage (cost) conferred in treated and untreated areas. By analyzing morphological characters and simple fitness components, the cost associated with each of eight herbicide resistance alleles (acetolactate synthase, cellulose synthase, and auxin-induced target genes) was studied in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The use of allele-specific PCR to discriminate between heterozygous and homozygous plants was used to provide insights into the dominance of the resistance cost, a parameter rarely described. Morphological characters appear more sensitive than fitness (seed production) because 6 vs. 4 differen…

A rapid reliable test for screening aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid resistance within Alopecurus myosuroides and Lolium spp. populations

International audience

Pourquoi des herbicides perdent-il leur efficacite ?

National audience

Réseau Biovigilance flore en grandes culture

National audience

Long-term modelling of weed control strategies: analysis of threshold-based options for weed species with contrasted competitive abilities

A simple life-cycle-based demography model was adapted for two contrasting weed species (Alopecurus myosuroides and Poa annual. This model included a seed production function that accounted for population self-regulation through weed:weed interactions. The A. myosuroides version of the model was tested with field data. Long-term simulations of population demography were then performed to investigate the relationship between weed control strategies based on density thresholds and both the frequency of herbicide use and the long-term economic profitability. This study confirms that threshold-based weed management strategies are more cost-effective than spraying every year and may allow import…

Absorption, translocation and metabolism of pyridate in a tolerant crop (Zea mays) and two susceptible weeds (Polygonum lapathifolium L. and Chenopodium album L.)

Summary Absorption, translocation and metabolism of 14C-pyridate were compared in tolerant maize. moderately susceptible Polygonum lapathifolium and susceptible Chenopodium album. Foliar absorption was limited in all species, but comparatively higher penetration levels were observed in younger leaves of dicotyledonous species. The absorbed radioactivity was not very mobile and translocation appeared mainly sym-plastic. Herbicide selectivity could not be explained on the basis of absorption and transport. Chenopodium and P. lapathifolium degraded pyridate and formed unstable water-soluble conjugates that easily released a phytotoxic metabolite. By contrast, more stable unidentified water-sol…

A database for the herbicide use in France

SPEEAEcolDur; International audience

Enquête sur les mauvaises herbes envahissantes en France

National audience

Le coquelicot est-il le symbole du naturel ?

National audience

Lutte contre les mauvaises herbes en France, dix lustres en lumière : Analyse de 50 ans d’usage des herbicides tirée d’une « mine »

A pollen test to detect ACCase target-site resistance within Alopecurus myosuroides populations

International audience

Historique des herbicides en France depuis la seconde guerre mondiale

National audience; Au lendemain de la seconde guerre mondiale, les herbicides ont joué un rôle important dans la réponse du monde agricole aux besoins alimentaires des populations, notamment grâce aux économies de main-d’œuvre et aux facilités de gestion qu’elles ont permises. Pourtant, aujourd’hui, l’agriculture intensive et productiviste fait l’objet d’une remise en cause du fait de son impact sur l’environnement, en particulier sur les ressources en eau (présence de nitrates, substances actives (SA) phytosanitaires). Face à la réglementation européenne et pour répondre aux préoccupations de l’opinion publique, mais aussi du monde agricole, il a été mis en place en France le Plan Ecophyto…

Comment prévenir et gérer la résistance aux herbicides chez les mauvaises herbes

National audience

From weedkillers to environmentally begnin herbicides: history of chemical weeding from 1944 to 2011 in France

International audience