METHADONE VERSUS BUPRENORPHINE: DATA DETECTED FROM CALTANISSETTA SER.T

In last years, heroin-addicted have exponentially increased: this has made it necessary to identify a pharmacological strategy as effective as possible. With this purpose, a statistical investigation was conducted in a sample of individuals, aged between 18 and 50. They were diagnosed and subjected to different treatments at Ser.T of Caltanissetta (Sicily-Italy) during the period 2013-2017. The analyzed patients were treated with three different pharmacological therapy: methadone 0.1%, methadone 0.5%, buprenorphine and suboxone. We obtained percentages of RESPONDERS, LOW RESPONDERS and NON RESPONDERS patients from data processing, based on used therapy. Considering pharmacological responses…

RICOVERI PER EFFETTI INDESIDERATI DA SOVRADOSAGGIO DI FARMACI PRESSO UN’UNITÀ OPERATIVA CARDIOLOGICA NEL PERIODO 2011-2013

Introduzione: Le statistiche dei casi di ricovero ospedaliero per effetti indesiderati da sovradosaggio farmacologico sono utili per valutare l’incidenza di tale fenomeno nel mondo reale. Un sovradosaggio farmacologico può avvenire come conseguenza di un’insufficiente o inadeguata comunicazione tra medico e paziente, per autoprescrizione o erronea assunzione di dosaggi superiori a quelli necessari, per erronea assunzione di due farmaci identici come molecola ma con nome commerciale diverso o per effetti collaterali imprevisti. Materiali e metodi: Sono state esaminate, retrospettivamente, le cartelle cliniche relative a tutti i ricoveri avvenuti presso l’Unità Operativa di Cardiologia del P.…

AMOUNT OF ERBITUX USED IN THE HOSPITAL “CIVICO - DI CRISTINA - BENFRATELLI”, PALERMO

Erbitux (Cetuximab) is indicated for the treatment of patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)- expressing, KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer and without KRAS mutations (wild type). Cetuximab is a chimeric monoclonal IgG1 antibody directed against the EGFR. It blocks binding of endogenous EGFR ligands resulting in inhibition of the function of the receptor and induces the internalization of EGFR, which can lead to down-regulation of EGFR. Erbitux may be administered via a gravity drip, an infusion pump or a syringe pump. The first administration should be administered in 120 minutes and subsequent over 60 minutes. Precautions:It is stored at a temperature between 2°C …

Il ruolo del Cardo Mariano nell'intossicazione da Amanita Phalloides

Premesse e scopo dello studio: È sempre più consolidato l’interesse verso i rimedi naturali. Il fitocomplesso silimarina trova applicazione in diverse patologie epatiche tra le quali ricorderemo l’ intossicazione da amanita phalloides. In quest’ultimo caso i risultati positivi sono stati tali da poter essere individuato come antidoto anche se non ancora inserito nell’elenco nazionale degli antidoti CEE90 / C 329103 del 1990/03/12 . Risultati: Dalla revisione è venuto fuori che in realtà è la silibina, presente per il 50-70% , ad essere la protagonista indiscussa del fitocomplesso silimarina. Il meccanismo di azione principale è riconducibile soprattutto alla sua capacità di aumentare la sin…

Adipokines in obesity and metabolic diseases

Adipose tissue secretes many adipokines that regulate important physiological functions. Growing studies have highlighted that these bioactive molecules may contribute to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Adipokines exert systemic metabolic effects and independent activity on numerous cells of the cardiovascular system, including cardiomyocytes and vascular cell walls. Adiponectin shows anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic activity on blood vessels. Conversely, resistin is endowed with pro-inflammatory effects and stimulates the proliferation of smooth muscle cells, thus promoting the development of atherosclerotic plaque. Leptin plays an important role in card…

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of new 1-R-3-(2-Piridyl)-4-nitroso-5 carboxiethyl-1H-Pyrazoles

SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF NEW 1-R-3-(2-PIRIDYL)- 4-NITROSO- 5-CARBOXIETHYL-1H-PYRAZOLES. Stefania Aielloa , Carmelo Massimo Maidab, Fabio Venturellab, Diego Planetac Marco Giammancod, M.Milicib a Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Palermo bDipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute G. D’ Alessandro, Università degli Studi di Palermo cDipartimento dei Sistemi Agro-Abientali,Università degli Studi di Palermo d Dipartimednto di Studi Giuridici, Economici, Biomedici e Psicosociopedagogici delle Scienze Motorie e Sportive, Università degli Studi di Palermo Corresponding author: Stefania Aiello, Dipartimento di Scie…

ELABORAZIONE RICHIESTA MOTIVATA DI TOSSINA BOTULINICA DI TIPO A, PRESSO IL P.O. SAN GIOVANNI DI DIO ASP AG

Introduzione. La distonia è un disturbo associato ad anomalie nel movimento e nella postura causato da contrazioni muscolari involontarie. Esistono tre tipi di classificazione sulla base della: distribuzione anatomica(focale, segmentale, o generalizzata), età di insorgenza dei sintomi (giovanile o adulta esordio) ed eziologia, primaria, secondaria, o sintomatica.Dal mese di marzo 2014 attraverso l’ambulatorio dell’U.O. MedicinaFisica e Riabilitativa del P.O. di Ag è possibile attuare il trattamento con la tossina botulinica ai pazienti candidati. Materiali e metodi. È stata fatta condotta una ricognizione bibliografica attraverso PubMed e la position paper sulla tossina botulinica della Soc…

Chemical composition, cytotoxic effects, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of Artemisia arborescens (Vaill.) L. growing wild in the province of Agrigento, Sicily, Italy

Artemisia arborescens (Vaill.) L. is a perennial shrubby plant growing along the coastal strips of the Mediterranean region. It is used in traditional medicine. Its essential oil and solvent extracts exhibit a very interesting chemotherapeutic potential, which makes this plant useful in maintaining human health. The goal of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition of the petroleum ether and methanol extracts, as well as to evaluate anticancer activities and antimicrobial and biofilm formation reduction. Thirty-nine phytochemical compounds in negative ion mode, and 25 in positive ion mode were identified by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. All four extracts reduced the viability of human M…

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ABOUT DIFFUSION OF EXERCISE ADDICTION IN SICILY

Exercise Addiction (EA) is a behavioral dysfunction marked by uncontrolled compulsion towards all kinds of physical activity. With the purpose of understanding the epidemiology of this steadily increasing phenomenon, we have done a statistical analysis about some data obtained through the administration of an online-questionnaire (Google forms): the same one was also converted into paper-questionnaire and then it has been administered in many gyms in Palermo and Trapani (Sicily-Italy). The sample examined consists of 976 people aged between 14 and 65 (47.3% of them are women and 52.7% are men). For 53.8% of analyzed people, physical activity is one of the most important things of their life…

SYNTHESIS AND SAR STUDIES OF NEW 3-METHYL-5-(5-PROPYL-1H-1-R'-3-PYRAZOLYL)-1H-1-R-4-NITROSOPYRAZOLES AS ANTIMICOTIC AGENTS.

Incidenza della mutazione rs12979860 del gene di IL28 in un gruppo di soggetti HCV positivi dell’U.O.C. di Malattie infettive del P.O. Civico di Palermo

L'infezione cronica da HCV colpisce 170 milioni di persone in tutto il mondo;su 100 persone infettate dal virus HCV il 15% non sviluppa alcuna patologia cronica ed elimina il virus, il restante 85% sviluppa forme croniche della malattia con evoluzione in cirrosi epatica e in carcinoma epato-cellulare.Il trattamento dell'epatite C cronica, che offre i maggiori vantaggi, è rappresentato da un ciclo di 24-48 settimane di PEG-Interferone-alfa-2a e Ribavirina. Il suo esito è influenzato da una serie di fattori tra cui il genotipo virale ed alcuni polimorfismi genetici dell’ospite I pazienti infetti da HCV di genotipo 2 o 3 hanno probabilità 2-3 volte maggiore di rispondere alla terapia rispetto …

4-cyanopirazoles derivatives as a new class of compounds with potent antifungal activity

Introduction We have reported that some 4-nitrosopyrazoles derivatives displayed in vitro and in vivo potent antifungal activity at no cytotoxic concentration and some of these compounds were 4 times more potent than Amphotericine B and Fluconazole respectively against Cryptococcus Neoformans and C. Krusei. We reported also that the absence of NO group or its replacement with NO2 or NH2 groups gave compounds devoid of antimycotical activity. Aim of the work To better understand the mechanism of action and with the aim of identifying the chemical features responsible for the action, we synthesized and tested a new class of compounds in which the 4-NO group was replaced with 4-CN group having…

Antiproliferative Oleanane Saponins from Meryta denhamii

Eight new oleanane saponins (1- 8) together with four know saponins (9-12) were isolated from the aerial parts of Meryta denhamii. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments including 1D TOCSY, DQF-COSY, ROESY, HSQC, and HMBC spectroscopy, as well as ESIMS analysis. The antiproliferative activity of all compounds was evaluated using three murine and human cancer cell lines: J774.A1, HEK-293, and WEHI-164.

L’EBPM nella profilassi del paziente oncologico

Premesse e Scopo dello studio: Valutare il beneficio dell’uso del- l’EBMP nella profilassi del paziente oncologico poiché questi presen- tano un rischio tromboembolico elevato. Metodi e Risultati: Nell’ultimo triennio presso il Dipartimento di Chi- rurgia Generale e di Urgenza dell'Az. Ospedali riuniti Villa Sofia - Cervello sono stati operati per cancro al retto sigma e sottoposti ad intervento di emicolectomia sx e resezione anteriore del retto 87 pazienti di cui 34 uomini e 53 donne, di questi 13 donne e 5 uomini hanno sviluppato durante il follow-up terapeutico oncologico complicanze a carico di sto- mie cutanee. In tutti i pazienti venuti alla nostra osservazione si sono evidenziati a …

CONTAMINATION CONTROL OF AFLATOXINS IN MILK INTENDED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION: COMPARISON OF DATA OBTAINED BETWEEN 2014 AND 2017

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the hydroxylated metabolite on the hepatic level of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), found in milk when the animal is lactating after ingestion of zootechnical feeds contaminated with aflatoxin B1. Exposed with the present work is a study conducted at the laboratory So.gest s.r.l of Palermo, which lasted more than three years, on the presence of Mycotoxins in bovine milk which provenance is from farms in the Sicilian area of Catania, Enna and Caltanissetta in order to determine whether during this period some changes in concentration of aflatoxin M1 (AFM) have occurred and access if the presence of the toxin is always within the legal limits. The analyzes were conducted with ELIS…

STUDIO RETROSPETTIVO SUI CONSUMI DI SODIO OXIBATO E SULLA TIPOLOGIA DI PAZIENTI DEL SERT DI TERMINI IMERESE

In questo studio è stato preso in considerazione il consumo annuale di sodio oxibato della Farmacia Territoriale, dal 2009 al 2012, da parte del Ser.T di Termini Imerese. Si è voluto, inoltre, indagare sulla tipologia di pazienti ambulatoriali per avviare un successivo progetto di informazione e prevenzione rivolto alle scuole. Materiali e metodi: I dati relativi ai consumi sono stati estrapolati dal programma di magazzino della farmacia, mentre i dati relativi ai pazienti sono stati ricavati dal Sistema Informativo Sanitario del Ministero della Salute consultabile dai dipendenti del Ser.T. Risultati: La richiesta di sodio oxibato è cresciuta dal 2009 al 2011 per diminuire nel 2012 (60, 89,…

Phytochemical-rich extracts of Helianthemum lippii possess antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-biofilm activities

Helianthemum lippii is a perennial shrubby plant growing in the sandy environments of Italy, Mediterranean countries of North Africa and Middle East. H. lippii is used in traditional medicine but there are very few reports referring to the phytochemical characterization, the ethnopharmacology, and the biological activity of H. lippii. The goal of this study was todetermine the phytochemical composition of different H. lippii extracts, cold (CME) and hot (HME) methanol, cold (CPEE) and hot (HPEE) petroleum ether, as well as to evaluate their anticancer and antimicrobial activities and biofilm formation reduction. Fifty-fours phytocompounds have been determined by HPLC-UV-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis…

Immuno-oncological treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in advanced stage with Nivolumab

Immuno-oncology marked a therapeutic revolution in the treatment of cancer. Thanks to the new strategy that aims to awaken the immune system to fight cancer cells, there has been a change in the clinical course in the treatment of advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Our study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of nivolumab monotherapy in the treatment of patients with advanced stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer beyond the second line. The results showed a progression-free survival of 7.35 months and an improvement in the quality of life of patients compared to other treatments. In addition, no type 3 and type 4 adverse reactions were detected in patients treated with …

RISK ASSESSMENT OF EXPOSURE TO CHEMICAL AGENTS IN THE WORKPLACE

The study in question is the chemical risk assessment relating to chemicals used at the SERIMANT Military Authority of Palermo, Supplies and Maintenance Section, in order to ensure the protection of the safety and health of workers. Chemicals used in the barracks were analyzed; data collected anonymously from 32 male workers exposed to test substances for at least five years; their work tasks analyzed; established health and laboratory findings extrapolated from medical records of each worker, as well as search for specific representative metabolites of intoxication to the relevant substances; compared the different indicators of toxicity parameters and processed statistics. The levels of 1…

ANALISI DEI CONSUMI DI STUPEFACENTI E POPOLAZIONE DEL SERT DI TERMINI IMERESE FINALIZZATA ALL’ATTIVAZIONE DI UN PROGETTO EDUCAZIONALE

Introduzione. In questo studio è stato preso in considerazione il consumo annuale di stupefacenti (metadone e buprenorfina) dal 2009 al 2012, da parte del Ser.T di Termini Imerese. Si è voluto indagare sulla tipologia di pazienti ambulatoriali per avviare un successivo progetto di prevenzione rivolto alle scuole. Materiali e metodi: I dati relativi ai consumi sono stati estrapolati dal programma di magazzino del polo di distribuzione di Termini Imerese, mentre i dati relativi ai pazienti sono stati ricavati dal Sistema Informativo Sanitario del Ministero della Salute consultabile dai dipendenti del Ser.T. Risultati: I consumi di metadone cloridrato flacone da 20 ml 0,1% sono progressivament…

The role of polymorphisms of thiopurine methyltransferase in therapy with Azathioprine: preliminary study Journal of Biological Research

Azathioprine is an immunosuppressant drug belonging to the class of thiopurines widely used in clinical therapy. Its immunosuppressive action is linked to the substantial action mechanism in the inhibition of the synthesis of nitrogenous bases purine carried out in T-lymphocyte. The level of such medication limit resides in side effects such as myelosuppression and the development of tumours. The occurrence of side effects is linked to the presence of genetic polymorphisms of Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT). To date, 40 allelic variants for TPMT have been detected. However, those responsible for the reduction of enzyme activity are three: *2, *3A, *3C. The presence of one of the three p…

Gli effetti dell'Acamprosato sulla rimodulazione della trasmissione glutammatergica eccitatoria ed il suo impiego nel trattamento del craving da alcolismo nel territorio dell'Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale 1 di Agrigento

Treatment with acamprosate is a valid tool to complement psychotherapy as it does not cause addiction, abuse or withdrawal of its suspension and does not interfere with other medications that patients often alcoholics must take. To evaluate the effectiveness, our study evaluated the effects of Acamprosate compared to γ-hydroxybutyrate in clinical-physiological and social health in a way indicator of a possible therapeutic success in terms of abstinence from alcohol and social reintegration. A total of 36 patients were observed, of which 5, 4 men and 1 woman at the Drug Addiction Service (Servizio Tossicodipendenze, Ser.T) Alcamo, and 31, 21 men and 10 women at the Ser.T of Palermo. As regar…

LA FARMACOGENOMICA NELLA VALUTAZIONE DEL RISCHIO DA CHEMIOTERAPIA: POLIMORFISMI GENICI E 5-FLUOROURACILE NEL TRATTAMENTO DEL CARCINOMA DEL COLON-RETTO

Introduzione: Il 5-fluorouracile (5-FU) ed il suo profarmaco capecitabina, attivo per via orale, è usato nel trattamento di numerosi tumori solidi, tra cui carcinomi mammari, colo-rettali e della regione testa-collo. Nonostante la sua efficacia, a suo carico sono stati associati fenomeni di grave tossicità correlati all’enzima diidropirimidina deidrogenasi (DPD), responsabile del suo metabolismo,la cui carenza determina un profondo ritardo nell’eliminazione dell’agente chemioterapico.Pertanto la presenza di polimorfismi nella regione codificante del gene DPYD può determinare lo sviluppo di gravi tossicità di III-IV grado, come: nausea, vomito, diarrea, stomatiti, leucopenia, neutropenia, pi…

Doppia Diagnosi

A person with dual diagnosis is a subject that simultaneously presents psychiatric disorders and drug addiction. Below are presents seven cases of individuals with these conditions of the area of Alcamo and treatment conditions. Objectives. trace in general the concept of dual diagnosis and analyse cases at SER.T of Alcamo with the respective treatment

Statistical analysis about diffusion of exercise addiction in Sicily

Exercise Addiction (EA) is a behavioural dysfunction marked by uncontrolled compulsion towards all kinds of physical activity. With the purpose of understanding the epidemiology of this steadily increasing phenomenon, we have done a statistical analysis about some data obtained through the administration of an onlinequestionnaire (Google forms): the same one was also converted into paper-questionnaire and then it has been administered in many gyms in Palermo and Trapani (Sicily-Italy). The sample examined consists of 976 people aged between 14 and 65 (47.3% of them are women and 52.7% are men). For 53.8% of analysed people, physical activity is one of the most important things of their life…

VALUTAZIONE DELL’IMPIEGO RAZIONALE DEGLI ANTIDEPRESSIVI NELL’AREA MADONITA NEL PERIODO 2007/2010

The role of the hospital pharmacy in the storage and supply of antidotes

Cases of poisoning have been analyzed with the aim of estimating both the incidence and the seriousness of such xenobiotic effects, the major determinant agents, and the related antidotes used in hospital departments. From 2009 to November 2012, a survey of the availability of antidotes in the emergency room services was carried out in all hospital pharmacies under the Palermo Health Authority: Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, ARNAS Civico di Cristina Benefratelli, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello. Figures show that the majority of poisoning events were caused by the use/abuse of drugs, especially psychopharmaceuticals, alcohol and narcotic substances. This overdose of m…

MONITORING AND USE OF ANTIMYCOTICS FOR SYSTEMIC USE SUPPLIED BY THE STATE HOSPITAL PHARMACY OF MARSALA (TP), ITALY: MYCAMINE® (MICAFUNGIN)

Micafungin is an antimycotic drug and represents an important addition to the available therapies for the treatment of systemic fungal infections. Micafungin is used in the treatment of invasive candidiasis, oesophageal and prophylaxis of Candida infections. It inhibits, in a non-competitive way, the synthesis of 1,3-b-D-glucan, a component of fungal cell wall and is rapidly distributed into the tissues. It has a high-rate bond with respect to plasma protein; the above mentioned bond is independent from the concentration of the drug. It is metabolized through the liver, being not subject to intense metabolic transformations until the excretion. There is no evidence of systemic accumulation …

Efficacia del Suboxone nel trattamento delle tossicodipendenze: monitoraggio dei pazienti in terapia presso il Ser.T. di Marsala ASL N.9 (TP).

I SerT sono i servizi pubblici del SSN dedicati alla cura, alla prevenzione e alla riabilitazione dei soggetti con problemi conseguenti all'uso di sostanze stupefacenti che generano dipendenza.Presso il SerT di Marsala dove è stato effettuato lo studio, accertato lo stato di salute psicofisica dei soggetti, è stato attuato un monitoraggio delle patologie collegate agli stati di dipendenza dei pazienti.Successivamente sono stai definiti i programmi terapeutici individuali da realizzare direttamente, o in convenzione con strutture di recupero sociale, valutando periodicamente l'andamento e i risultati del trattamento con Suboxone sui singoli tossicodipendenti.

ANALISI ECONOMICA RETROSPETTIVA SULLE MISURE DI CONTENIMENTO DELLA SPESA FARMACEUTICA DELL’ASP 1 DI AGRIGENTO RELATIVE AL TRIENNIO 2010/2011/2012

Introduzione. Le misure di contenimento della spesa farmaceutica sono state le principali prerogative previste dal Piano di Rientro della Regione Sicilia ( adempimento A.1.2), in tal senso le realtà delle singole ASP si sono adeguate alle direttive regionali mostrando una classifica tra le Asp siciliane che vedono come protagonista virtuosa l’Asp di Agrigento, prima in classifica. La disamina dei dati fa riferimento al triennio 2010/2011/2012. Materiali e metodi. La rilevazione concerne farmaci rimborsati dal SSN ed erogati tramite canale convenzionale privato, farmaci distribuiti direttamente e quelli utilizzati in ambito ospedaliero nel triennio 2010/2011/2012, attraverso report sulla spe…

The control of abstinence in the treatment of alcohol dependence: the use of acamprosate in relapse prevention

"The alcoholism can also deal with drug treatments." This is the message that emerges from the press conference of presentation of Campral, trade name of acamprosate, a neuromodulator specifically indicated in the maintenance of abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients.Alcoholism is a disease characterized by: craving, loss of control, tolerance and physical dependence.For many years the prevention of relapse in use of alcohol after detoxification was supported almost exclusively by psychosocial procedures and techniques with modest success. Treatment with acamprosate is a valid tool to complement psychotherapy as it does not cause addiction, abuse or withdrawal of its suspension and does n…

Triterpene Saponins from Tupidanthus calyptratus

Five new bisdesmosidic saponins (1--5) were isolated from the aerial parts of Tupidanthus calyptratus. Their structures were determined by (1)H--(1)H correlation spectroscopy (COSY, TOCSY, ROESY) and (1)H--(13)C correlation (HSQC, HMBC) NMR experiments, FABMS, and chemical data.

DETERMINATION OF ABUSED SUBSTANCES IN BIOLOGICAL MATRICES FOR TOXICOLOGICAL AND FORENSIC PURPOSES

During the year 2017, a research work was carried out at the Department of laboratory diagnostics - Toxicology and Biochemistry U.O.S. of ASP 6 in Palermo. The purpose of this investigation was to perform a second level analysis in order to look for abuse drugs. The sample used consisted of 73 serum tubes, which had previously tested positive for screen- ing tests. The result of the analysis of these samples revealed a false positivity in most cases. From the information gathered through the sampling reports, it appears that the age group with several drivers, who are subject to checks by the traffic police, is the one from 17 to 30 years, with 35 samples analysed (48%). It also emerged tha…

AMATEUR DOPING: A SURVEY AMONG SICILIAN PEOPLE

In last years, Amateur Doping has caused many victims. In order to know the diffusion of this phenomenon, we have conducted an online-survey through Google forms. We also transformed the same questionnaire on paper and it was administered in many gyms in Palermo and Trapani (Sicily-Italy). The sample examined consists of 976 people aged between 14 and 65 (47.3% of them are women and 52.7% are men). We asked them if they ever took on substances to improve their athletic performances: 25.8% of them answered affirmatively and they declared to take on protein, amino acids but also Eca Stacks, which are hired on regular basis (34.6%). They bought this substances in sporting stores (32.2%), in ph…

Monitoring and use of antimycotic (micafungin) for systemic use provided by the pharmacy of Marsala Hospital, Italy

Micafungin is an antimycotic drug and represents an important addition to the available therapies for the treatment of systemic fungal infections. Micafungin is used: in the treatment of invasive candidiasis, oesophageal and prophylaxis of <em>Candida</em> infections. It inhibits, in a non-competitive way, the synthesis of 1,3-β-D-glucan, a component of fungal cell wall and is rapidly distributed into the tissues. It has a high-rate respectful bond with plasma protein, which is independent from the concentration of the drug. It is metabolized through the liver, being not subject to intense metabolic transformations until the excretion. There is no evidence of systemic accumulati…

Gambling: spreading among students in Palermo

Adolescents represent a particularly high-risk group and they are also vulnerable to the development of gambling related problems. Thanks to technological advances in gaming industry (slot machines, video lottery terminals, casino-types games) new form of gambling are continuously appearing. With the purpose of having an idea about the spreading of gambling among the students of Palermo, a survey has been conducted through administration of questionnaires during the period from January to May 2017: this study involved 1622 students (686 boys and 936 girls) between the age of 14 and 19. In this survey it has been demonstrated that only 15% of students have never played; 36% declare they have…

Antiproliferative oleanane saponins from Polyscias guilfoylei

Three new oleanane saponins (1–3), together with four known ones (4–7), were isolated from the aerial parts of Polyscias guilfoylei. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments, including 1D TOCSY, DQF-COSY, ROESY, HSQC, and HMBC spectroscopy, as well as ESIMS analysis. The antiproliferative activity of all compounds was evaluated using three murine and human cancer cell lines; J774.A1, HEK-293, and WEHI-164. All the compounds were inactive except for 3β- O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl]-echinocystic acid 28-[ O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6) O-β-D-glucopyranosyl] ester (3), which was active against all the cell lines.

DETECTION, ANALYSIS AND PROCESSING OF ACUTE ALCOHOL INTOXICATIONS COLLECTED AT EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT OF THE “GARIBALDI CENTRO” HOSPITAL IN CATANIA

The study we conducted was highlighted the main clinical aspects of voluntary or accidental acute alcohol intoxication. These intoxication were identified over the five-year period between 2015 and 2019, and we evaluated its pharmacological management by statistical analysis of clinical cases detected at the Emergency Department of “Garibaldi Centro” Hospital in Catania. The extrapolated data showed that acute alcohol intoxications are the main reason of access to the Emergency Department (65%) to which drugs (17%), addicted substances (8%), and other substances (caustics, food, gases and vapours, detergents and soaps, benzene and pesticides, 10%). It has been shown that the most commonly u…

3,5-DIIODO-L-THYRONINE-INDUCED MODIFICATION IN PITUITARY-THYROID AXIS IN RATS FED HIGH-FAT DIET. A PRELIMINARY REPORT

Experimental observations highlight that the administration of 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (T2) may decrease the body weight and the plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides and may prevent the onset of hepatic steatosis in rats fed diets rich in lipids (HFD). On the basis of these findings we have carried out some in vivo studies to evaluate the effects of increased levels of T2 on pituitary thyroid axis function in HFD rats. Fifteeen Wistar male rats were divided in 3 groups. The first group (N) was fed with a standard diet. The second group (G) was fed with a diet high in fat (HDF), while the third group (GT2) was additionally administered intraperitoneally with T2 (70 ug/100g body weig…

Analisi statistica dei casi di intossicazione rilevati al pronto soccorso dell’Ospedale Sant’Antonio Abate di Trapani nel periodo 2010-2014

Premesse e Scopo dello studio: Lo studio ha lo scopo di analizzare i casi di intossicazione presso il P.O. Sant’Antonio Abate di Trapani con l’obiettivo di stimare e identificare l’incidenza delle intossicazioni afferenti al Pronto Soccorso. Materiali e Metodi: Sono stati raccolti dati individuali in un campione di 1220 soggetti, che presentavano un quadro sintomatologico da riferire in tutto o in parte all’intossicazione. Sono stati inclusi nello studio i casi da prodotti industriali, veleni per animali, antiparassitari, gas e vapori tossici, prodotti domestici, cosmetici, farmaci, prodotti chimici non farmaceutici, droghe e alcool, veleni animali e vegetali. Risultati: I maschi sono 810 (…

IMMUNO-ONCOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER IN ADVANCED STAGE WITH NIVOLUMAB

In recent years, significant scientific progress has been made in the therapy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC),which has made possible a better knowledge of this pathology and above all the realization of new personalized therapies. The main therapeutic revolution in advanced NSCLC is immunooncology, a new therapeutic strategy that aims to awaken the immune system to fight cancer cells. Our work helped us evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of monotherapy with Nivolumab in the treatment of patients with advanced stage IIIB/IV non-smallcell lung cancer beyond the second line. We can conclude that in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer, the use of Nivolumab improves the prognosis a…

COUMARINS FROM CACHRYS SICULA L.

One new coumarin, 8-hydroxymethylpsoralen (1), was isolated from the dried leaves of Cachrys sicula L. along with the known coumarins sprengelianin (2) and (RS)-oxypeucedanin (3). The structure of the new compound was elucidated on the basis of NMR and ESI-MS spectral analysis.

Uso delle eparine a basso peso molecolare in chirurgia generale e d'urgenza

L’Eparina è un mucopolisaccaride estratto da alcuni organi quali il polmone, fegato e mucosa intestinale e si lega alla superficie delle cellule endoteliali. La sua attività biologica richiede la presenza di un cofattore plasmatico ad attività inibitrice proteasica [Antitrombina III], che inibisce i fattori proteasici della coagulazione formando con essi complessi stabili equimolari. In assenza di eparina, tali reazioni sono lente, mentre al contrario sono accelerate di quasi 1000 volte. Le molecole di Eparina sono altamente attive e si legano fortemente all’Antitrombina, determinando alterazioni conformazionali dell’inibitore: tali modifiche espongono il suo sito attivo per una più rapida …

Ketoprofen photodermatosis

Background and aim of the study: The aim of the following review is that of stimulating and highlighting the importance of pharmacovigilance, examining all the data about ketaprofen (a well known NSAD) photodermatosis cases reported in literature, especially those occurred in patients under topical therapy that have been revealed to be adverse reactions. Materials and methods: Analysed data concern studies carried out from 1991 to 2011 among different European countries, in particular at the Swedish University of Lund, Katholieke University of Leuven in Belgium, and in France. All the data arrived through the Italian national pharmacovigilance network. Results: Evidences show that the basic…

BINGE DRINKING: CONSUMPTION PRACTICES AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE. ANALYSIS OF THE QUESTIONNAIRES COMPILED BY STUDENTS OF PALERMO CITY AND PROVINCE INVOLVED IN THE PREVENTION AND INFORMATION PROJECT

The term binge drinking is used in the northern countries of Europe, to point out the consumption of great intoxicating quantities of alcohol, until feel bad, for the pure and simple desire to get drunk. Conventionally, binge drinking is the consumption of at least six glasses of alcoholic drinks, different ones as well, in a single occasion and one after the other. A survey has been conducted through administration of questionnaires with the purpose to have an idea about the territorial diffusion of such practice among the students of Palermo and province. In the months of April and May 2014, this survey affected 30 classes of different schools in 10 cities and province, involving about 74…

L'INTERVENTO DEL FARMACISTA NELL’EDUCAZIONE SANITARIA

Il fenomeno della diffusione delle sostanze di abuso tra i giovani ha assunto aspetti preoccupanti. Lo spaccio di droga avviene in tutte le strutture a cui accedono i giovani, nessuna esclusa e oggi anche nel web, una delle nuove frontiere del traffico illecito. All’interno di questo scenario la figura del farmacista ha dato contributi validi nella divulgazione, per tentare di salvaguardare la salute dei giovani anche attraverso la promozione diretta di campagne di educazione/sensibilizzazione che forniscano all’utente le informazioni necessarie a difendere la propria salute. Materiali e metodi: Abbiamo realizzato due conferenze inerenti l’informazione sulle sostanze di abuso e la nuova dif…

Rilevazione statistica della diffusione dei fenomeni di binge drinking, drunkoressia e gambling tra gli adolescenti palermitani

L’obiettivo dello studio è l’analisi della diffusione dei comportamenti riconducibili ai fenomeni di Binge Drinking, Drunkoressia e Gambling in individui che possiedono un’età compresa tra i 13 e 20 anni: si è deciso di analizzare nello specifico tale fascia d’età poiché la propensione di alcuni soggetti ad assumere condotte pericolose per la propria salute risulta essere particolarmente alta proprio durante la fase adolescenziale. Quest’ultimo è infatti un periodo di intenso sviluppo neuro- cognitivo che conduce a cambiamenti importanti ai fini del comportamento, dell’affettività, della ricerca e della selezione di stimoli più gratificanti: il risultato è un aumento della predisposizione a…

Statistical survey focused on diffusion and knowledge of energy drinks, conducted in Palermo

In recent years energy drinks consumption has increased, due to their ability to improve physical and cognitive performance. Unfortunately, because of poor or incorrect information, people are not always aware of the harmful consequences of these drinks such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, tachycardia until death. Therefore, we conducted a statistical survey in the Palermo area, submitting a paper questionnaire to 1003 people. Data analysis shows that only 29% of the audience never consumed energy drinks, while 71% tried them at least once in their life, especially in adolescence; 81% never or rarely drink them, 14% drink them a few times a month, while 5% drink them several times a wee…

Rilevazione statistica della diffusione e della conoscenza di sostanze dopanti, integratori e dell' Exercise Addiction

I benefici derivanti dalla pratica dell'esercizio fisico sono stati ampiamente documentati. Tuttavia, l’eccessivo ricorso alla attività fisica può condurre alla messa in atto di pattern compulsivi di allenamento che possono evolversi in una vera e propria patologia: l' exercise addiction. Studi recenti suggeriscono l'espansione di due fenomeni: il doping amatoriale e l'abuso di integratori per lo sport. Sono stati somministrati 686 test. I partecipanti allo studio sono stati scelti tra studenti di scuola media superiore, studenti universitari e frequentatori di ambienti sportivi. Il 42,5% degli intervistati dichiara di assumere sostanze per migliorare le prestazioni sportive e quindi di dop…

SUBOXONE EFFICACY IN TREATING DRUG ADDICTION: COMPARISON WITH METHADONE AND MONITORING OF PATIENTS IN THERAPY AT SERT OF MARSALA

Drug dependence and abuse is a public health problem as revealed by reports of state police that account overdoserelated deaths for 305 during 2015. Most of the dead were caused by heroin. Despite evidence that methadone maintenance treatment is effective, it remains a controversial therapy because of its indefinite provision of a dependence-producing medication. The aim of this work is to evaluate clinically the effectiveness of Suboxone in maintaining abstinence and preventing relapse. Suboxone consists of buprenorphine and naloxone in the 4:1 ratio. The former is a partial agonist on the receptor and its absorption is rapid, while Naloxone is an antagonist on the receptor k and it is abs…

THE ROLE OF POLYMORPHISM OF TIOPURINE METHYLTRANSFERASE IN THERAPY WITH AZATHIOPRINE. PRELIMINARY STUDY

Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive medication used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases (MICI). Despite its extensive use in therapy, azathioprine can result in serious side effects such as myelosuppression. The likelihood of developing myelosuppression also depends on genetic factors: one of the enzymes involved in drug metabolism, methyltransferase tiopurine (TPMT), is subject to genomic polymorphism. To date, 40 polymorphisms have been identified, of which three are associated with a reduction in enzymatic activity. These are TPMT*2, TPMT*3A and TPMT*3C polymorphisms. TPMT*1 is the wild-type coding form for an enzyme capable of efficiently metabolizing the drug. The objective of t…

GLI EFFETTI DELL’ACAMPROSATO SULLA RIMODULAZIONE DELLA TRASMISSIONE GLUTAMMATERGICA ECCITATORIA ED IL SUO IMPIEGO NEL TRATTAMENTO DEL CRAVING DA ALCOLISMO NEL TERRITORIO DELL’A.S.P. 1 AG

Secondo l’OMS definiamo l’alcolismo quel disturbo a genesi multifattoriale (bio-psico-sociale) associato all’assunzione episodica e/o cronica di bevande alcoliche con presenza o meno di dipendenza capace di determinare una sofferenza multidimensionale che si manifesta in maniera diversa da Soggetto a Soggetto. L’assunzione cronica di alcol modifica la normale attività neuronale attraverso il potenziamento dell’attività inibitoria del GABA e l’inibizione dell’effetto eccitatorio del Glutammato che induce il neuro-adattamento attraverso una over-espressione dei recettori del glutammato in modo da ripristinare l’equilibrio del sistema in presenza di alcol. Quando l’assunzione di alcol viene in…

FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES OF CONFISCATED ABUSE SUBSTANCES, CARRIED OUT IN THE LABORATORY OF ANALYSIS AND DRUGS OF THE CARABINIERI, MILITARY STATION “CARINI”, PALERMO

The aim of this study was to define some methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis for technical verification of alleged drugs confiscated by the stations of the Carabinieri in Palermo and Trapani provinces. Observation concerned: the quantity of the confiscated material, the quantity of the active principle, the cutting substances and the consumption in adult and minor population. The Carabinieri ask for analyses of confiscated drugs to the L.A.S.S. laboratory, where the samples are added with the suitable standard and put to ultrasound. Then, the solution is analyzed with gas cromatography and gas mass spectrometry. In 2015 there were 1,000 analysed finds out of 1,454 total finds. …

Methadone versus buprenorphine: data detected from Caltanissetta SER.T

In last years, heroin-addicted have exponentially increased: this has made it necessary to identify a pharmacological strategy as effective as possible. With this purpose, a statistical investigation was conducted in a sample of individuals, aged between 18 and 50. They were diagnosed and subjected to different treatments at Ser.T of Caltanissetta (Sicily-Italy) during the period 2013-2017. The analyzed patients were treated with three different pharmacological therapy: methadone 0.1%, methadone 0.5%, buprenorphine and suboxone. We obtained percentages of responders, low responders and non-responders patients from data processing, based on used therapy. Considering pharmacological responses…

Analisi statistica dei casi di intossicazione rilevati al Pronto Soccorso dell'Ospedale dei Bambini G. di Cristina di Palermo nel periodo 2011-2015

Lo Studio affronta l'incidenza dei casi di intossicazione riscontrati, nel periodo 2011- 2015 , presso l'Ospedale dei Bambini G. di Cristina di Palermo. Lo scopo è di identificare gli agenti eziologici più frequenti e la relativa incidenza nel periodo preso in esame.

Efficacia di Buprenorfina/Naloxone nel trattamento delle tossicodipendenze: monitoraggio dei pazienti in terapia presso il Ser.T. di Marsala, ASL n. 9 (Trapani)

Il lavoro sperimentale è stato eseguito nel periodo gennaio 2016-marzo 2017, presso il Ser.T. di Marsala dell’ASL n. 9 di Trapani, sotto la guida del Dott. Gaetano Gurgone e del Prof. Fabio Venturella, lavoro in cui sono stati altresì analizzati i dati relativi agli ultimi cinque anni. Il compito prevalente del Ser.T. è l’assessment, inteso come processo di raccolta, integrazione ed interpretazione delle informazioni.Si esplica attraverso: la diagnosi, la cura, la riabilitazione. Questo lavoro vuole essere quindi il resoconto di 15 mesi di osservazione su pazienti trattati con Buprenorfina/Naloxone,operando un confronto con pazienti trattati con il Metadone.Il campione è costituito da 32 so…

NEW 5-DIMETHYL-3-HETEROARYL-1H-4-ONN-AZOXYCYANIDES: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICOTICAL ACTIVITY.

In the field of infectious diseases, in the last years an increasingly high importance is ascribed to mycosis as causes of illness and mortality in particularly susceptible patients: leukemia, organ transplant, AIDS and immunosuppressed patients, creating clinical and epidemiological problems. Although several drugs are available, antifungal spectrum is still limited especially for invasive infections, which often have fatal results. We previously reported the antifungal activity of a series of products, in which the 1,5-dimethyl-4-(cyano-NNO-azoxy)pyrazol-3-yl and 1,3-dimethyl-4-(cyano-NNO-azoxy)pyrazol-5-yl moieties were linked to pyridine, pyrazole, isoxazole, thiophene and the furan rin…

Benefici e svantaggi delle eparine a basso peso molecolare

Premesse e Scopo dello studio: Le eparine a basso peso molecolare vengono utilizzate per la prevenzione e il trattamento della coagula- zione del sangue, l’obiettivo è quello di ridurre al minimo gli effetti collaterali in seguito alla somministrazione delle varie molecole. Metodi e Risultati: L’analisi stata effettuata presso il Dipartimento di Chirurgia Generale e di Urgenza dell’A.O. Ospedali riuniti Villa Sofia - Cervello, su un campione di circa 80 pazienti con età compresa tra i 35-80 anni, 50 sono di sesso femminile e 30 sono di sesso maschile, sono stati riscontrati dall'osservazione effettuata i seguenti effetti collaterali: per quanto riguarda la Parnaparina e la Bemiparina sangui…

STATISTICS OF DATA RELATED TO AMAZING SUBSTANCES ANALYZED AT THE “LABORATORY OF CHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS” OF THE PALERMO SCIENTIFIC POLICE

The substances analyzed mainly at the “Chemical Investigation Laboratory” of the Regional Cabinet of Palermo, in the period from 2013 to 2018, are heroin and cocaine. For analytical techniques, mass spectrometry techniques associated with gas chromatography were used. Statistical analysis revealed a general increase in both the distribution and the average percentage of active ingredient in heroin, a substance currently available on the illicit market at a lower price than in the past, often cut with substances of synthetic derivation.Comparison of heroin seizure data in western Sicily and throughout the national territory shows a growth trend; in particular, in 2017 there is an average per…

Bempedoic acid as adjunct for traditional lipid-lowering therapy in patients with hyperlipidaemia

Statin therapy has been the cornerstone for the reduction of cholesterol and circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, statin monotherapy has disadvantages attributable to myopathies and to the insufficient cholesterol reduction observed in some patients. There is a need for new well-tolerated therapies for lowering LDL. This review will focus on bempedoic acid in combination with traditional statin therapy or other lipid-lowering agents and its emerging role in LDL-C lowering. Bempedoic acid is also a viable alternative for reducing LDL cholesterol in the treatment of some patients suffering from heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

Statistical analysis of a survey about diffusion of binge drinking and drunkorexia among students in Palermo

Youth alcohol consumption is a major global public health concern. Previous reviews have concluded that exposure to alcohol marketing was associated with drinking initiation and higher alcohol consumption among youth. From January to May 2017, a survey has been conducted through administration of questionnaires about the diffusion of Binge Drinking and Drunkorexia among the students of Palermo. Test was administered, during school time, to 2331 students between the ages of 13 and 20. Regarding the analysis of the questionnaires, 97,8% of student declares to have drunk at least once: their first taste of alcoholic drink happens at the age of thirteen/fourteen. They prefer to drink at the dis…

MONITORING OF ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS SUPPLIED BY THE PHARMACY OF FRATELLI PARLAPIANO HOSPITAL, RIBERA (AG), ITALY

Mental disorders are among the worst and widespread health problems, they are associated with important repercussions on the psychosocial sphere and to high economic costs. Antipsychotic drugs used in treatments of these pathologies belong to different chemical classes, but associated to biochemical effects, pharmacological, and in part super imposable. A retrospective survey has been led on external patients, they were under antipsychotic drug treatments already in the archive and arrived to the attention of the Pharmacy of the F.lli Parlapiano Hospital, Ribera (AG), Italy in 2013. For each patient have been extrapolated: gender, date of birth, place of residence, ICD-9CM, pharmacological …

Protocollo di disintossicazione rapida nella dipendenza da Oppiacei

DETECTION OF THE DIFFUSION AND KNOWLEDGE OF ENERGY DRINKS, CONDUCTED THROUGH A STATISTICAL SURVEY ON PALERMO AREA

In recent years energy drinks consumption has increased, due to their ability to improve physical and cognitive performance. Unfortunately, because of poor or incorrect information, people are not always aware of the harmful consequences of these drinks such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, tachycardia until death. Therefore, we conducted a statistical survey in Palermo area, submitting a paper questionnaire to 1003 people. Data analysis shows that: only 29% of the audience never consumed energy drinks, while 71% tried them at least once in their life, especially in adolescence; 81% never or rarely drink them, 14% drink them a few times a month, while 5% drink them several times a week; …

The role of polymorphisms of thiopurine methyltransferase in therapy with Azathioprine: preliminary study

Azathioprine is an immunosuppressant drug belonging to the class of thiopurines widely used in clinical therapy. Its immunosuppressive action is linked to the substantial action mechanism in the inhibition of the synthesis of nitrogenous bases purine carried out in T-lymphocyte. The level of such medication limit resides in side effects such as myelosuppression and the development of tumours. The occurrence of side effects is linked to the presence of genetic polymorphisms of Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT). To date, 40 allelic variants for TPMT have been detected. However, those responsible for the reduction of enzyme activity are three: *2, *3A, *3C. The presence of one of the three p…

On the chemical composition and nutritional value of Pleurotus taxa growing on Umbelliferous plants (Apiaceae)

Unpublished data on the chemical composition and nutritional value of Pleurotus mushrooms, growing on Umbelliferous plants (Apiaceae), are here reported. Cultivated basidiomata of four different Pleurotus taxa were analyzed in order to evaluate the composition in lipids, sugars, nitrogen, water, vitamins, ashes, and energetic values. The results showed that Pleurotus mushrooms are suitable in every type of diet thanks to their low caloric content, gastronomic value, vitamins, and mineral salt contents. The presence of a high content of vitamin B(12) and riboflavin in Pleurotus nebrodensis is noteworthy.

FORENSIC INVESTIGATION OF KERATIN MATRIX: DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD BY TURBOFLOW™ HPLC-MS/MS FOR CANNABINOIDS QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS

The products of cannabis are the most frequently used illicit drugs of abuse detected in workplace drug-testing programs or in cases of driving under the influence of drugs. For this reason, there is a great need for sensitive and specific methods which can confirm the chronic exposure and which take account of the cut-off values that have been proposed in Italy by the GTFI Guidelines (Group of Italian Forensic Toxicologists). The method currently more appropriate for quantification of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its major metabolite 11-nor-9-Carboxy-Δ9-THC (THCA) appears to be one that involves HPLC-MS/MS and keratin matrix. The purpose of this work, performed at the Mass Spectrometr…

Antimicrobial and antiproliferative activity of Peucedanum nebrodense (Guss.) Strohl.

Abstract Acetone extract of Peucedanum nebrodense (Guss.) Strohl., a rare endemic species from the Madonie mountains (Sicily), was tested in vitro for its antimicrobial activity against bacterial reference strains and antiproliferative activity against K562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia), HL-60 (human leukemia) and L1210 (murine leukemia) cell lines. The acetone extract showed antiproliferative IC 50 values in the range of 14–0.27 μg/ml.

SELENIUM AND AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element of pivotal importance to human health. Se is incorporated into selenoproteins (SePs) which have pleiotropic effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and in the production of active thyroid hormone. These findings may explain the relationship between Se deficiency and pathogenesis of various human diseases including thyroid disorder. In line with these observations, the therapeutic effectiveness of Se supplementation has already been reported in patients with various thyroid diseases. However, there are still controversial data about the optimal dose of Se to be administered, as well as the duration and efficacy of treatment an…

VARIAZIONE DELLA CARICA VIRALE HCV DURANTE IL TRATTAMENTO FARMACOLOGICO CON BOCEPREVIR. STUDIO CONDOTTO PRESSO L’U.O.C. MALATTIE INFETTIVE DEL P.O. SANT’ANTONIO ABATE DI TRAPANI

Definiamo l’Epatite C come una patologia cronico-degenerativa a carico del fegato con esordio prevalentemente asintomatico, solo pochi pazienti infatti sono consapevoli di essere infetti per il manifestarsi di un episodio acuto (tra l’altro non molto frequente) caratterizzato dalla comparsa di ittero, dolore al fianco destro, sensazione di malessere e stanchezza e, segno predominante, un notevole aumento delle Transaminasi. I sintomi si possono presentare dopo due o tre mesi dall’infezione in corrispondenza del picco delle Transaminasi e della comparsa dell’HCV RNA in circolo. L’agente eziologico responsabile è un virus a singolo filamento di RNA e che presenta 6 diversi genotipi denominato…

STUDIO RETROSPETTIVO SULL’UTILIZZO DEGLI ANTIDEPRESSIVI NELLA PROVINCIA DI AGRIGENTO E ANALISI FARMACOECONOMICA NEL BIENNIO 2011–2012

La depressione è una patologia nevrotica che secondo le stime OMS nel 2020 sarà la seconda malattia ad alta prevalenza nel mondo, dopo le patologie cardiovascolari. Negli ultimi anni c'è stata un'esplosione sia per numero di nuovi casi che per intensità. Materiali e metodi. E’ stata condotta una analisi dei dati di consumo e di spesa attraverso il Progetto SFERA (Spesa- Farmaceutica-Elaborazioni-Regioni-ASL) e il sistema di rilevazione ottica ricette SSN nel periodo compreso tra gennaio/novembre per gli anni 2011 e 2012. I farmaci antidepressivi esaminati sono i seguenti, espressi in ATC 5. Per TCA di prima generazione: N06AA02, N06AA04, N06AA06, N06AA09, N06AA10. Per i TCA di seconda gener…

Amateur doping: a survey on Sicilian population

In the last years, amateur doping phenomenon has caused many victims. In order to know the diffusion of this phenomenon, we conducted an online survey thanks to Google forms. We also converted on paper the same questionnaire and we administered it in many gyms in Palermo and Trapani (Sicily, Italy). The examined sample consists of 976 people aged between 14 and 65 (47.3% of them are women and 52.7% are men). We asked them if they had ever taken substances to improve their athletic performances: 25.8% of them answered affirmatively and declared to take protein, amino acids, but also Ephedrine, Caffeine, Aspirin on a regular basis (34.6%). They bought these substances in sporting stores (32.2…