Improvement of osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on composite poly l-lactic acid/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone defect repair.

Tissue engineering offers new approaches to repair bone defects, which cannot be repaired physiologically, developing scaffolds that mimic bone tissue architecture. Furthermore, biomechanical stimulation induced by bioreactor, provides biomechanical cues that regulate a wide range of cellular events especially required for cellular differentiation and function. The improvement of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) colonization in poly-L-lactic-acid (PLLA)/nano- hydroxyapatite (nHA) composite scaffold was evaluated in terms of cell proliferation (dsDNA content), bone differen- tiation (gene expression and protein synthesis) and ultrastructural analysis by comparing static (s3D) and dynamic…