0000000001299668
AUTHOR
Andris Actiņš
Polymorphism and solvates of flecainide base
Flecainide base is pharmaceutically active substance used for production of flecainide acetate which is known in market as Tambacor, Almarytm, Apocard, Ecrinal or Flecaine. It is determined that flecainide base forms four polymorphic forms abbreviated as Ib, IIb, IIIb and IVb. Flecainide base form Ib is thermodynamically stable form at laboratory temperature while form IIIb is stable at higher temperatures. Flecainide form Ib absorbs water in its structure between layers and forms non-stoichiometric hydrate. Flecainide base binds with organic solvents and form monosolvates. Flecainide base form Ib crystallizes in orthorhombic crystals with lattice parameters a = 27.88 Å, b = 13.78 Å, c = 9.…
The effect of excipients on the stability and phase transition rate of xylazine hydrochloride and zopiclone
The compatibility of thermodynamically unstable polymorph of two active pharmaceutical compounds (xylazine hydrochloride form X and zopiclone form C) with different excipients was investigated. The effects of the excipient and its amount in the sample on the thermal properties and possible chemical interactions were studied. The most commonly used excipients in the pharmaceutical industry - calcium carbonate, lactose hydrate, cellulose, magnesium stearate hydrate and calcium stearate hydrate were selected for this study. The dependence of the phase transition rate from an unstable to a more stable polymorph on the excipients and their amounts in the initial sample was analysed at 80°C, and …
Enrichment and activation of smectite-poor clay
A new method of smectite clay enrichment has been developed. The method is based on dispersing clay in a phosphate solution and sequential coagulation. The product of enrichment is characterized with X-ray powder diffraction, wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry. Sorption of methylene blue and hexadecylpyridinium bromide on raw and purified clays was studied.
Solvates of Dasatinib: Diversity and Isostructurality
A series of dasatinib crystalline forms were obtained, and a hierarchical cluster analysis of their powder X-ray diffraction patterns was performed. The resulting dendrogram implies 3 structural groups. The crystal structures of several solvates representing 2 of these groups were determined. The crystal structure analysis confirms the isostructurality of solvates within structural group I and suggests a correlation between solvent molecule size and trends in crystal structures within this group. In addition, the formation relationships in 2-solvent media between different dasatinib solvate groups were determined. The formation preference of solvates was found to follow the ranking group I …
On the Formation of Droperidol Solvates: Characterization of Structure and Properties
A solvate screening and characterization of the obtained solvates was performed to rationalize and understand the solvate formation of active pharamaceutical ingredient droperidol. The solvate screening revealed that droperidol can form 11 different solvates. The analysis of the crystal structures and molecular properties revealed that droperidol solvate formation is mainly driven by the inability of droperidol molecules to pack efficiently. The obtained droperidol solvates were characterized by X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. It was found that droperidol forms seven nonstoichiometric isostructural solvates, and the crystal structures were determined for five of these solvates. To b…
Optimization of sample preparation conditions for detecting trace amounts of β-tegafur in α- and β-tegafur mixture.
We report a semiquantitative method for determining trace amounts (<1%) of thermodynamically stable forms in polymorphic mixtures, focusing on sample preparation ef- fects on solid phase transitions. Tegafur (5-fluoro-1-(oxolan-2-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine- 2,4-dione) was used as a model material in this study. The amounts of the thermodynamically stable $ tegafur were increased to levels detectable by powder X-ray diffractometry by grind- ing the samples in a ball mill in the presence of water. The limit of detection for this method was as low as 0.0005% of $ tegafur in " and $ tegafur mixtures. The amount of $ tegafur after sample preparation was found to be proportional to the init…
Organic solvent desorption from two tegafur polymorphs.
Desorption behavior of 8 different solvents from α and β tegafur (5-fluoro-1-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)uracil) has been studied in this work. Solvent desorption from samples stored at 95% and 50% relative solvent vapor pressure was studied in isothermal conditions at 30 °C. The results of this study demonstrated that: solvent desorption rate did not differ significantly for both phases; solvent desorption in all cases occurred faster from samples with the largest particle size; and solvent desorption in most cases occurred in two steps. Structure differences and their surface properties were not of great importance on the solvent desorption rates because the main factor affecting desorption rate …
The influence of pH on the stability of antazoline: kinetic analysis
Degradation of the drug antazoline was studied in aqueous solutions by means of pH-rate profiling (pH 0–7.4). The novel approach of Runge–Kutta numerical integration in combination with multi-parameter optimisation was applied to UV-Vis spectral data to determine a valid kinetic model and kinetic parameters of the degradation process. The overall degradation mechanism was found to be dependent on the environmental pH. In the pH range of 3.0–7.4, the formation of the antazoline hydrolysis product (N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-(N-benzylanilino)acetamide) through three different pathways (acidic, non-catalysed, and semi-alkaline hydrolysis) was observed. In highly acidic media (pH 0–2), the degradation …
Comparison and Rationalization of Droperidol Isostructural Solvate Stability: An Experimental and Computational Study
In order to find a tool for comparison of solvate stability and to rationalize their relative stability, droperidol nonstoichiometric isostructural solvates were characterized experimentally and computationally. For the experimental evaluation of stability, three comparison tools were considered: thermal stability characterized by the desolvation rate, desolvation activation energy, and solvent sorption–desorption isotherms. It was found that the desolvation process was limited by diffusion, and the same activation energy values were obtained for all of the characterized solvates, while the solvent content in the sorption isotherm was determined by the steric factors. Therefore, the only cr…
On the Rationalization of Formation of Solvates: Experimental and Computational Study of Solid Forms of Several Nitrobenzoic Acid Derivatives
Analysis of crystal structures, molecular properties, interaction strength in solution and computationally generated non-solvated form solid form landscapes of five chloronitrobenzoic acid isomers ...
Why Do Chemically Similar Pharmaceutical Molecules Crystallize in Different Structures: A Case of Droperidol and Benperidol
A detailed study of molecular conformation and intermolecular interactions in the experimental crystal structures and general trends observed in the Cambridge Structural Database as well as theoretical calculations were performed to identify the reason for the formation of different crystal structures of two chemically very similar pharmaceutical molecules benperidol and droperidol. The most important difference between both molecules was the weak intermolecular interactions formed by the central ring which therefore was responsible for the formation of different crystal structures. Cross-seeding experiments were performed to check the possibility for the formation of mutually isostructural…
Organic solvent vapor effects on phase transition of α and β tegafur upon grinding with solvent additives.
Abstract Solvent effects on α tegafur (5-fluoro-1-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)uracil) phase transition to β tegafur during grinding with solvent additive, as well as phase transition in samples exposed to 95% relative solvent vapor pressure has been studied in this research. Samples containing 0.5% and 0.1% of β tegafur in α and β tegafur mixture, as well as samples of pure α tegafur were ground with different solvent additives, and conversion degrees depending on the solvent were determined using PXRD method. Samples with α and β tegafur weight fraction of 1:1 were exposed to 95% relative solvent vapor pressure, and phase transition rates were determined. Solubility of α tegafur, solvent sorption …
Investigation of the phase transitions occurring during and after the dehydration of xylazine hydrochloride monohydrate.
This paper reports an investigation of a complex solid state phase transition where two inter-converting polymorphs (X and A) of the pharmaceutical molecule xylazine hydrochloride formed and transformed during and after the dehydration of its monohydrate (H). The crystal structures of all three forms were compared. During the investigation of this solid state phase transition it was determined that the dehydration of H produced either a pure X form, or a mixture of the X and A forms. The phase composition depended on the sample preparation procedure and the experimental conditions. It was found that grinding of the hydrate enhanced the formation of polymorph X as a product of dehydration, w…
Dehydration of mildronate dihydrate: a study of structural transformations and kinetics
The dehydration of mildronate dihydrate (3-(1,1,1-trimethylhydrazin-1-ium-2-yl)propionate dihydrate) was investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, hot-stage microscopy, water sorption–desorption studies and dehydration kinetic studies. It was determined that mildronate dihydrate dehydrated in a single step, directly transforming into the anhydrous form. In order to understand the reasons for a one step dehydration mechanism, crystal structures of dihydrate, monohydrate and anhydrous forms were compared, proving the similarity of the dihydrate and anhydrous forms. In order to understand the reasons for molecule reorganization during dehydration, the energy of the anhydrous …
Powder X-Ray Diffraction Investigation of Xylazine Hydrochloride Solid Phase Transformation Kinetics
The kinetics of the solid-state phase transformation of xylazine hydrochloride form X to A has been investigated using powder X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. Three different kinetic models have been used to describe transition kinetics: the Avrami–Erofeev equation, the Cardew equation, and the methodology for simulation of solid-state phase transition kinetics by the combination of nucleation and nuclei growth processes. The latter has been recently developed and has been tested in this paper for the case of a real solid-state transition. The relative humidity, mechanical pressure, temperature, and sample-preparation effect on phase-transition kinetics have been investi…
Structure and Stability of Racemic and Enantiopure Pimobendan Monohydrates: On the Phenomenon of Unusually High Stability
Study of structures and physicochemical properties of racemic (rac-H) and enantiopure (enant-H) hydrates of the active pharmaceutical ingredient pimobendan revealed that both hydrates have highly similar crystal structures and exhibit unusually high stability. Both structures contain identical two-dimensional layers and very similar conformations. The most significant difference is the stacking of these layers. The high stability of both hydrates appeared as extremely low solubility over a wide temperature range as well as an exceptionally high dehydration temperature and melting point. Study of the dehydration process showed that both hydrates have different activation energies of dehydrat…
Single Enantiomer’s Urge to Crystallize in Centrosymmetric Space Groups: Solid Solutions of Phenylpiracetam
A detailed thermochemical and structural study of the phenylpiracetam enantiomer system was performed by characterizing the solid solutions, rationalizing the structural driving force for their formation, as well as identifying a common structural origin responsible for the formation of solid solutions of enantiomers. Enantiomerically pure phenylpiracetam forms two enantiotropically related polymorphs (enant–A and enant–B). The transition point (70(7) °C) was determined based on isobaric heat capacity measurements. Structural studies revealed that enant–A and enant–B crystallize in space groups P1 (Z′ = 4) and P212121 (Z′ = 2), respectively. However, pseudoinversion centers were present res…
Polymorphs and Hydrates of Sequifenadine Hydrochloride: Crystallographic Explanation of Observed Phase Transitions and Thermodynamic Stability
In this study, detailed analysis of crystal structures was used to rationalize the observed stability and phase transformations of sequifenadine hydrochloride polymorphs and hydrates, as well as to understand the observed structural diversity. The performed polymorph and hydrate screening revealed the existence of six polymorphs and four hydrates. Crystal structures of these phases were determined either from single crystal or from powder diffraction data. The different possibilities for packing of sequifenadine cations were found to be the main reason for the observed structural diversity of polymorphs. The hydrate structures were found to be structurally similar and related to those of pa…
Three anhydrous forms and a dihydrate form of quifenadine hydrochloride: a structural study of the thermodynamic stability and dehydration mechanism
Crystal structures of dihydrate (DH) and three anhydrous forms (A, B and C) of quifenadine (1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-8-yl-diphenyl-methanol) hydrochloride are presented, and crystal structure information is used to explain and rationalize the relative stability of polymorphs and observed phase transformations. The dehydration mechanism of the hydrate is provided by interpreting the results obtained in studies of crystal structures, dehydration kinetics and thermal analysis. Structural analysis is used to explain the observed relative stability of the anhydrous phases and the hydrate. The crystal structures have been determined either from single crystal (form DH) or from powder diffraction da…
Flecainide acetate acetic acid solvates.
Flecainide acetate forms acetic acid solvates with 0.5 and 2 acetic acid molecules. Powder X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric, infrared, and potentiometric titration were used to determine the composition of solvates. Flecainide acetate hemisolvate with acetic acid decomposes to form a new crystalline form of flecainide acetate. This form is less stable than the already known polymorphic form at all temperatures, and it is formed due to kinetic reasons. Both flecainide acetate nonsolvated and flecainide acetate hemisolvate forms crystallize in monoclinic crystals, but flecainide triacetate forms triclinic crystals. Solvate formation was not observed when flec…
Hydration and dehydration kinetics of xylazine hydrochloride
From the experiments where mixture of xylazine hydrochloride hydrate H and anhydrous X were held at constant conditions, the stable form of xylazine hydrochloride can be found out. To determine equilibrium relative humidity, the unstable form of xylazine hydrochloride was inserted in thermostated humidity chamber and its weight was recorded by weighing the sample outside the chamber. The kinetic model and the rate constant for each condition were determined. The rate constants give information regarding the speed of the process at every experimentally used relative humidity. Thus using the data in coordinates k – p for each temperature it is possible to determine the water vapor pressure of…
Gone to smelt iron in Courland: technology transfer in the development of an early modern industry
SUMMARY: In the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, corresponding to the southern and western parts of present-day Latvia, an iron industry based on blast-furnace technology, mainly using local bog iron ore, existed in the 17th and 18th centuries. Transfer of knowledge and skill through the recruitment of specialists from other countries of Europe was crucial to the development of this industry; technology was also re-exported to Russia and elsewhere. Recent archaeological and archaeometallurgical investigations supplement the written evidence, highlighting the specific local conditions that influenced the development of ferrous metalworking here in the early modern period. This article will …
Organic solvents vapor pressure and relative humidity effects on the phase transition rate of α and β forms of tegafur.
The objective of this work was to investigate the relative humidity (RH) and solvent vapor pressure effects on the phase transition dynamics between tegafur polymorphic forms that do not form hydrates and solvates. The commercially available α and β modifications of 5-fluoro-1-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-uracil, known as the antitumor agent tegafur, were used as model materials for this study. While investigating the phase transitions of α and β tegafur under various partial pressures of methanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, and water vapor, it was determined that the phase transition rate increased in the presence of solvent vapors, even though no solvates were formed. By increasing the relative air h…
Speciation of Substituted Benzoic Acids in Solution: Evaluation of Spectroscopic and Computational Methods for the Identification of Associates and Their Role in Crystallization
Structural Characterization and Rationalization of Formation, Stability, and Transformations of Benperidol Solvates
Experimental and theoretical characterization and studies of phase transitions and stability of the solvates obtained in solvate screening of the pharmaceutical compound benperidol were performed to rationalize and understand the solvate formation, stability, and phase transitions occurring during their desolvation. The solvate screening revealed that benperidol can form 11 solvates, including two sets of isostructural solvates. The analysis of the solvate crystal structures and molecular properties indicated that benperidol solvate formation is mainly driven by the complications during packing of benperidol molecules in an energetically efficient way in the absence of solvent molecules, as…
Effect of Experimental and Sample Factors on Dehydration Kinetics of Mildronate Dihydrate: Mechanism of Dehydration and Determination of Kinetic Parameters
The dehydration kinetics of mildronate dihydrate [3-(1,1,1-trimethylhydrazin-1-ium-2-yl)propionate dihydrate] was analyzed in isothermal and nonisothermal modes. The particle size, sample preparation and storage, sample weight, nitrogen flow rate, relative humidity, and sample history were varied in order to evaluate the effect of these factors and to more accurately interpret the data obtained from such analysis. It was determined that comparable kinetic parameters can be obtained in both isothermal and nonisothermal mode. However, dehydration activation energy values obtained in nonisothermal mode showed variation with conversion degree because of different rate-limiting step energy at hi…
Formation and Transformations of Organic Salt Hydrates: Four Encenicline Hydrochloride Monohydrates and Respective Isostructural Desolvates
Encenicline hydrochloride (Enc-HCl) crystallizes in four different monohydrate phases, but at the same time crystallization in a nonsolvated phase is not observed, indicating that water plays a crucial role in guiding the crystallization process and ensuring structure stability. All monohydrate phases show exceptionally high stability, and the main structural motif stays intact even after dehydration, leading to isostructural (for I and II) or isomorphic (for III) desolvates. Three monohydrate phases with determined crystal structure information consists of Enc-HCl-water hexamers that are stacked into similar slabs, that are further packed identically in monohydrates I, II, and III. The fea…
The relative stability of xylazine hydrochloride polymorphous forms
All four known xylazine hydrochloride polymorphous forms were obtained and their relative stabilities were compared directly at three different temperatures. At higher temperatures, it is possible to determine the relative stability of all forms directly by measuring the changes in the composition of the mixtures of two polymorphous forms using powder x-ray diffraction methods. At lower temperatures, a solvent was added to the mixture and the changes in composition were determined. Polymorph transition temperatures were determined directly. To predict the transition temperature which was not found using the direct method, the polymorph melting data and determined transition temperatures wer…
The Preparation and Characterization of New Antazoline Salts with Dicarboxylic Acids
New antazoline salts with organic acids (fumaric acid, oxalic acid, and maleic acid) were prepared. The effect of the crystallization solvent and mechanochemical treatment on the crystalline forms of these salts was studied. Two polymorphs of antazoline hydrogen maleate were identified and their relative stability was determined. The molecular structures of antazoline hydrogen oxalate and antazoline hydrogen maleate showed differences in antazoline cation conformation. In crystal structures of all salts both imidazoline nitrogens of antazoline cation are involved in hydrogen bond formation with carboxyl groups of the acid.
Multi-technique approach for qualitative and quantitative characterization of furazidin degradation kinetics under alkaline conditions
Degradation of drug furazidin was studied under different conditions of environmental pH (11-13) and temperature (30-60°C). The novel approach of hybrid hard- and soft-multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (HS-MCR-ALS) method was applied to UV-vis spectral data to determine a valid kinetic model and kinetic parameters of the degradation process. The system was found to be comprised of three main species and best characterized by two consecutive first-order reactions. Furazidin degradation rate was found to be highly dependent on the applied environmental conditions, showing more prominent differences between both degradation steps towards higher pH and temperature. Complim…
Understanding complex phase transition mechanism by crystal structure analysis
Xylazine hydrochloride (2-(2,6-xylidino)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazine hydrochloride) is an adrenergic α-agonist used as a sedative, analgesic, and muscle relaxant in veterinary medicine. It has four polymorphous forms (A, Z, M and X), monohydrate (H), hemihydrate and solvates with dichloromethane and 2-propanol. It has been reported that the polymorph X is thermodynamically the least stable of these polymorphs, while the A is the most stable form at temperatures above 500C. The X forms only in H dehydration process, and at elevated temperature X transforms to polymorph A [1]. The crystal structures of the polymorphs A and X as well as hydrate H have been reported. Crystal structure of A and …
Determination of trace amounts of β tegafur in commercial α tegafur by powder X-ray diffractometric analysis.
Abstract Objectives The main objective of this work was to develop a suitable analytical technique for determining trace amounts of the thermodynamically stable solid form in bulk samples of metastable form, to a sensitivity of 0.005%–1.0%. Tegafur (5-fluoro-1-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-uracil) α and β crystalline forms were used as a model for this problem. Methods The trace content of the thermodynamically stable β polymorphic form in tegafur samples was increased by promoting phase transition from the bulk of thermodynamically metastable α form to β form, and achieving sufficient β form content for a quantitative powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) analysis. The phase transition was stimulated …
Solvent-mediated phase transformation between two tegafur polymorphs in several solvents
This paper describes a study of the solvent-mediated polymorphic transformation (SMPT) of the metastable α tegafur to the thermodynamically stable β tegafur in several solvents. Phase transformation in acetone, ethanol, i-propanol, toluene, and water at 22 °C was described using the solid-state kinetic model P2; the rate constants for this process were in the range from 0.028 min−1 to 0.0056 min−1. In all of the employed solvents, an induction time was observed. Kinetic, solubility and scanning electron microscopy data indicated that nucleation kinetics corresponded to a second-order power function and according to the kinetic model, the nuclei growth rate was constant in the examined SMPT.…
Polymorphism of R-Encenicline Hydrochloride: Access to the Highest Number of Structurally Characterized Polymorphs Using Desolvation of Various Solvates
In a study of the solid form landscape of R-encenicline hydrochloride (Enc-HCl), it was found that this compound is dodecamorphic and presents the first published example of polymorphism with a rec...
A Maze of Solid Solutions of Pimobendan Enantiomers: An Extraordinary Case of Polymorph and Solvate Diversity
Over 10 polymorphs and solvatomorphs of the chiral pharmaceutically active ingredient pimobendan were found to lack enantioselectivity in the solid state, accordingly, forming solid solutions of enantiomers, which is reported to be a rare phenomenon. Solid form screening was performed on different enantiomeric composition samples to analyze obtained phases with powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric differential scanning calorimetry. For nonsolvated forms, a melt phase diagram has been constructed convincingly showing the existence of stable and metastable solid solutions near the pure enantiomer and around the racemic composition regions. A crystal structure study combined with sol…
CCDC 910846: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Kārlis Bērziņš, Artis Kons, Ilze Grante, Diana Dzabijeva, Ilva Nakurte, Andris Actiņš|2016|J.Pharm.Biomed.Anal.|129|433|doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2016.07.039
CCDC 1046558: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Agris Be̅rziņš , Edgars Skarbulis , and Andris Actiņš|2015|Cryst.Growth Des.|15|2337|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.5b00138
CCDC 1046551: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Agris Be̅rziņš , Edgars Skarbulis , and Andris Actiņš|2015|Cryst.Growth Des.|15|2337|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.5b00138
CCDC 1051734: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Artis Kons, Ligita Rutkovska, Agris Bērziņš, Raitis Bobrovs, Andris Actiņš|2015|CrystEngComm|17|3627|doi:10.1039/C5CE00426H
CCDC 1895188: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Artis Kons, Agris Bērziņš, Andris Actiņš, Toms Rekis, Sander Van Smaalen, Anatoly Mishnev|2019|Cryst.Growth Des.|19|4765|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00648
CCDC 1895194: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Artis Kons, Agris Bērziņš, Andris Actiņš, Toms Rekis, Sander Van Smaalen, Anatoly Mishnev|2019|Cryst.Growth Des.|19|4765|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00648
CCDC 1916269: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Artis Kons, Agris Bērziņš, Andris Actiņš, Toms Rekis, Sander Van Smaalen, Anatoly Mishnev|2020|CSD Communication|||
CCDC 1046554: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Agris Be̅rziņš , Edgars Skarbulis , and Andris Actiņš|2015|Cryst.Growth Des.|15|2337|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.5b00138
CCDC 1046552: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Agris Be̅rziņš , Edgars Skarbulis , and Andris Actiņš|2015|Cryst.Growth Des.|15|2337|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.5b00138
CCDC 1420813: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Inese Sarceviča, IlzeGrante, Sergey Belyakov, Toms Rekis, Kārlis Bērziņš, Andris Actiņš, Liāna Orola|2016|J.Pharm.Sci.|105|1489|doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2016.01.024
CCDC 1895196: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Artis Kons, Agris Bērziņš, Andris Actiņš, Toms Rekis, Sander Van Smaalen, Anatoly Mishnev|2019|Cryst.Growth Des.|19|4765|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00648
CCDC 1916266: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Artis Kons, Agris Bērziņš, Andris Actiņš, Toms Rekis, Sander Van Smaalen, Anatoly Mishnev|2019|Cryst.Growth Des.|19|4765|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00648
CCDC 1440783: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Agris Be̅rziņš and Andris Actiņš|2016|Cryst.Growth Des.|16|1643|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.5b01736
CCDC 1046557: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Agris Be̅rziņš , Edgars Skarbulis , and Andris Actiņš|2015|Cryst.Growth Des.|15|2337|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.5b00138
CCDC 1916267: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Artis Kons, Agris Bērziņš, Andris Actiņš, Toms Rekis, Sander Van Smaalen, Anatoly Mishnev|2019|Cryst.Growth Des.|19|4765|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00648
CCDC 1895193: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Artis Kons, Agris Bērziņš, Andris Actiņš, Toms Rekis, Sander Van Smaalen, Anatoly Mishnev|2019|Cryst.Growth Des.|19|4765|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00648
CCDC 1453864: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Toms Rekis, Agris Be̅rziņš, Dia̅na Džabijeva, Ilva Nakurte, Lia̅na Orola, and Andris Actiņš|2017|Cryst.Growth Des.|17|1814|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.6b01780
CCDC 1420812: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Inese Sarceviča, IlzeGrante, Sergey Belyakov, Toms Rekis, Kārlis Bērziņš, Andris Actiņš, Liāna Orola|2016|J.Pharm.Sci.|105|1489|doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2016.01.024
CCDC 1420811: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Inese Sarceviča, IlzeGrante, Sergey Belyakov, Toms Rekis, Kārlis Bērziņš, Andris Actiņš, Liāna Orola|2016|J.Pharm.Sci.|105|1489|doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2016.01.024
CCDC 1420810: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Inese Sarceviča, IlzeGrante, Sergey Belyakov, Toms Rekis, Kārlis Bērziņš, Andris Actiņš, Liāna Orola|2016|J.Pharm.Sci.|105|1489|doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2016.01.024
CCDC 1895198: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Artis Kons, Agris Bērziņš, Andris Actiņš, Toms Rekis, Sander Van Smaalen, Anatoly Mishnev|2019|Cryst.Growth Des.|19|4765|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00648
CCDC 1046553: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Agris Be̅rziņš , Edgars Skarbulis , and Andris Actiņš|2015|Cryst.Growth Des.|15|2337|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.5b00138
CCDC 1895189: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Artis Kons, Agris Bērziņš, Andris Actiņš, Toms Rekis, Sander Van Smaalen, Anatoly Mishnev|2019|Cryst.Growth Des.|19|4765|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00648
CCDC 1051733: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Artis Kons, Ligita Rutkovska, Agris Bērziņš, Raitis Bobrovs, Andris Actiņš|2015|CrystEngComm|17|3627|doi:10.1039/C5CE00426H
CCDC 1895195: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Artis Kons, Agris Bērziņš, Andris Actiņš, Toms Rekis, Sander Van Smaalen, Anatoly Mishnev|2019|Cryst.Growth Des.|19|4765|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00648
CCDC 1895199: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Artis Kons, Agris Bērziņš, Andris Actiņš, Toms Rekis, Sander Van Smaalen, Anatoly Mishnev|2019|Cryst.Growth Des.|19|4765|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00648
CCDC 1046550: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Agris Be̅rziņš , Edgars Skarbulis , and Andris Actiņš|2015|Cryst.Growth Des.|15|2337|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.5b00138
CCDC 1051731: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Artis Kons, Ligita Rutkovska, Agris Bērziņš, Raitis Bobrovs, Andris Actiņš|2015|CrystEngComm|17|3627|doi:10.1039/C5CE00426H
CCDC 1453863: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Toms Rekis, Agris Be̅rziņš, Dia̅na Džabijeva, Ilva Nakurte, Lia̅na Orola, and Andris Actiņš|2017|Cryst.Growth Des.|17|1814|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.6b01780
CCDC 1895190: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Artis Kons, Agris Bērziņš, Andris Actiņš, Toms Rekis, Sander Van Smaalen, Anatoly Mishnev|2019|Cryst.Growth Des.|19|4765|doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00648
CCDC 1420814: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
Related Article: Inese Sarceviča, IlzeGrante, Sergey Belyakov, Toms Rekis, Kārlis Bērziņš, Andris Actiņš, Liāna Orola|2016|J.Pharm.Sci.|105|1489|doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2016.01.024
CCDC 1046555: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
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CCDC 1895192: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
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CCDC 1046556: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
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CCDC 1420809: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
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CCDC 910834: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
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CCDC 1420807: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
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CCDC 1916268: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
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CCDC 1420808: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
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CCDC 1051732: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
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CCDC 1895191: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
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CCDC 1895197: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
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CCDC 1587797: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
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CCDC 1587798: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination
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