A Stereocontrolled Protocol to Highly Functionalized Fluorinated Scaffolds through a Fluoride Opening of Oxiranes

A novel selective and substrate-dependent synthetic protocol has been developed towards the synthesis of various fluorine-containing, highly functionalized cycloalkane derivatives. The method involves the stereoselective epoxidation of some unsaturated cyclic beta-amino acid derivatives as model compounds, followed by a regioselective fluoride opening of oxiranes under various conditions with Deoxofluor and XtalFluor-E reagents, thereby offering an insight into this new epoxide opening methodology with fluoride.

Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Alicycles across Dipolar Cycloaddition/Metathesis Reaction

AbstractThis Account gives an insight into the selective functionalization of some readily available commercial cyclodienes across simple chemical transformations into functionalized small-molecular scaffolds. The syntheses involved selective cycloadditions, followed by ring-opening metathesis (ROM) of the resulting azetidin-2-one derivatives or isoxazoline frameworks and selective cross metathesis (CM) by discrimination of the C=C bonds on the alkenylated heterocycles. The CM protocols have been described when investigated under various conditions with the purpose on exploring chemodifferentiation of the olefin bonds and a study on the access of the corresponding functionalized β-lactam or…

Fluorine-containing functionalized cyclopentene scaffolds through ring contraction and deoxofluorination of various substituted cyclohexenes

The fluorination of some highly‐functionalized cyclopentene derivatives, obtained from various substituted cyclohexenes through a ring‐opening/ring‐contraction procedure, has been investigated. The transformations were found to be highly substrate dependent, and led to the formation of various functionalized alicyclic compounds or heterocycles containing allyl difluoride or vinyl fluoride moieties. peerReviewed

Fluorination of some highly functionalized cycloalkanes: chemoselectivity and substrate dependence.

A study exploring the chemical behavior of some dihydroxylated β-amino ester stereo- and regioisomers, derived from unsaturated cyclic β-amino acids is described. The nucleophilic fluorinations involving hydroxy–fluorine exchange of some highly functionalized alicyclic diol derivatives have been carried out in view of selective fluorination, investigating substrate dependence, neighboring group assistance and chemodifferentiation.

Synthesis of novel fluorinated building blocks via halofluorination and related reactions.

A study exploring halofluorination and fluoroselenation of some cyclic olefins, such as diesters, imides, and lactams with varied functionalization patterns and different structural architectures is described. The synthetic methodologies were based on electrophilic activation through halonium ions of the ring olefin bonds, followed by nucleophilic fluorination with Deoxo-Fluor®. The fluorine-containing products thus obtained were subjected to elimination reactions, yielding various fluorine-containing small-molecular entities.

Fluorine-containing drugs approved by the FDA in 2019

Abstract Eleven new fluorine-containing FDA-approved drugs have been profiled and details of their discovery and preparation are discussed. Therapeutic areas include schizophrenia, migraine, multiple sclerosis, insomnia, rheumatoid arthritis, anti-tuberculosis, breast cancer, lymphoma kinase inhibitor, serotonin receptor antagonist. New pharmaceuticals feature four examples of aromatic fluorine, three aromatic CF3 group, three aliphatic CF3 and one compound with aromatic CF3O group. Furthermore, among the new compounds, six are chiral and seven are derived from tailor-made amino acids.

Fluorine-Containing Functionalized Cyclopentene Scaffolds Through Ring Contraction and Deoxofluorination of Various Substituted Cyclohexenes

Selective Transformation of Norbornadiene into Functionalized Azaheterocycles and β‐Amino Esters with Stereo‐ and Regiocontrol

Novel functionalized azaheterocycles with multiple chiral centers have been accessed from readily available norbornene β-amino acids or β-lactams across a stereocontrolled synthetic route, based on ring-opening metathesis (ROM) of the staring unsaturated bicyclic amino esters, followed by selective cyclization through ring-closing metathesis (RCM). The RCM transformations have been studied under various experimental conditions to assess the scope of conversion, catalyst, yield, and substrate influence. The structure of the starting norbornene β-amino acids predetermined the structure of the new azaheterocycles, and the developed synthetic route took place with the conservation of the config…

Synthesis of fluorinated amino acid derivatives through late-stage deoxyfluorinations

Abstract Fluorine chemistry has represented a hot topic in drug research over the last decade. Because of their pharmaceutical potential, fluorine-containing amino acids and related derivatives have acquired high importance among medicinal chemists. Therefore their synthesis and the development of various synthetic methods for these types of molecular scaffolds have gained increasing interest in synthetic organic chemistry. The current review focuses on synthetic protocols towards fluorine-containing amino acid derivatives through late-stage fluorination with various nucleophilic reagents, describing the access of various open-chain and cyclic α-, β-, γ-amino acid derivatives.

Substrate-dependent fluorinations of highly functionalized cycloalkanes

Abstract Substrate-dependent fluorinations of several highly functionalized cycloalkanes with multiple stereocentres were investigated. The synthetic transformations were based on selective functionalization of the ring C C bonds of the readily available bicyclic β-lactams by epoxidation and regioselective nucleophilic oxirane opening with azide or cyanide, followed by hydroxy–fluorine exchange with Deoxofluor. Depending on the substituents and their relative steric arrangement, the attempted fluorinations produced different types of substituted cycloalkanes. These selective, substrate-directed synthetic procedures and their presumed pathways towards interesting highly functionalized fluori…

Chemical Aspects of Human and Environmental Overload with Fluorine

Over the last 100-120 years, due to the ever-increasing importance of fluorine-containing compounds in modern technology and daily life, the explosive development of the fluorochemical industry led to an enormous increase of emission of fluoride ions into the biosphere. This made it more and more important to understand the biological activities, metabolism, degradation, and possible environmental hazards of such substances. This comprehensive and critical review focuses on the effects of fluoride ions and organofluorine compounds (mainly pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals) on human health and the environment. To give a better overview, various connected topics are also discussed: reasons an…

Asymmetric Methods for Carbon‐Fluorine Bond Formation

CCDC 1562225: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

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CCDC 1814087: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

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CCDC 2011188: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

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CCDC 1401005: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

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CCDC 2011187: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Related Article: Attila Márió Remete, Tamás T Novák, Melinda Nonn, Matti Haukka, Ferenc Fülöp, Loránd Kiss|2020|Beilstein J.Org.Chem.|16|2562|doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.208

CCDC 2011186: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Related Article: Attila Márió Remete, Tamás T Novák, Melinda Nonn, Matti Haukka, Ferenc Fülöp, Loránd Kiss|2020|Beilstein J.Org.Chem.|16|2562|doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.208

CCDC 1814088: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Related Article: Attila Márió Remete, Melinda Nonn, Santos Fustero, Matti Haukka, Ferenc Fülöp, Loránd Kiss|2018|Eur.J.Org.Chem.|2018|3735|doi:10.1002/ejoc.201800057