A randomized controlled trial for response of microbiome network to exercise and diet intervention in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

AbstractExercise and diet are treatments for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and prediabetes, however, how exercise and diet interventions impact gut microbiota in patients is incompletely understood. We previously reported a 8.6-month, four-arm (Aerobic exercise, n = 29; Diet, n = 28; Aerobic exercise + Diet, n = 29; No intervention, n = 29) randomized, singe blinded (for researchers), and controlled intervention in patients with NAFLD and prediabetes to assess the effect of interventions on the primary outcomes of liver fat content and glucose metabolism. Here we report the third primary outcome of the trial—gut microbiota composition—in participants who completed the trial (22 i…

Trait-specific tracking and determinants of body composition: a 7-year follow-up study of pubertal growth in girls

Abstract Background Understanding how bone (BM), lean (LM) and fat mass (FM) develop through childhood, puberty and adolescence is vital since it holds key information regarding current and future health. Our study aimed to determine how BM, LM and FM track from prepuberty to early adulthood in girls and what factors are associated with intra- and inter-individual variation in these three tissues. Methods The study was a 7-year longitudinal cohort study. BM, LM and FM measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, self-reported dietary information, leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and other factors were assessed one to eight times in 396 girls aged 10 to 13 years (baseline), and in 2…

Serum osteocalcin is not associated with glucose but is inversely associated with leptin across generations of nondiabetic women.

The skeleton is recognized as an important player in energy metabolism through its interactions with other tissues. Whether the association of osteocalcin with glucose metabolism is age dependent has not been fully addressed.The objective of the study was to examine the age-specific association between different forms of osteocalcin and glucose and adipokines.This was a family-based study across three generations.The study was conducted at a university laboratory.Sixty-four daughter-premenopausal mother-maternal grandmother trios participated in the study.Fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, serum total (tOC), carboxylated (cOC), and uncarboxylated (ucOC = tOC - cOC) osteocalc…

Influences of muscle, fat and hormones on bone development in women : a cross-sectional and longitudinal study spanning three generations

Women With and Without Metabolic Disorder Differ in Their Gut Microbiota Composition

The aim of this study was to investigate whether overweight/obese women in metabolic disorder group (MDG, n = 27) differ in their gut microbiota composition from overweight/obese women in non-metabolic disorder group (NMDG, n = 47) and normal weight women group (NWG, n = 11). Gut microbiota was profiled from fecal samples by 16S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry in 85 premenopausal women. Body composition was measured by bioimpedance, and dietary intakes were collected via food diaries. Standard procedures were used to assess plasma glucose, serum insulin, lipids, and inflammatory status. We found that the proportion of bacteria belonging to Eubacterium rectale-Clos…

Bone and body segment lengthening and widening: a 7-year follow-up study in pubertal girls.

Abstract During growth bone increases in length and width as does the body size. The aim of this paper was to examine the growth pattern of body height and weight, and the width and length of various body segments, and to establish the timing of peak growth velocity (PV) in relation to time of menarche in a cohort of Finnish girls followed from age 10 until 18. The study was a 7-year longitudinal cohort study. Widths and lengths of body segments and bones were measured from DXA scan images using bone landmarks in 396 girls aged 10 to 13 years at baseline, and in 255 mothers and 159 grandmothers. The girls' growth velocities (rate of change with time) peaked at 13.5 months prior to menarche …

Corrigendum to “Low volumetric BMD is linked to upper-limb fracture in pubertal girls and persists into adulthood: A seven-year cohort study” [Bone 45 (2009) 480-486]

a Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland b Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland c Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, USA d Endocrine Centre, Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, Austin Health/Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia e Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Oulu University Hospital and Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Response: Methods for second primary cancers evaluation have to be standardized

Is bone loss the reversal of bone accrual? Evidence from a cross-sectional study in daughter-mother-grandmother trios.

Bone adapts to mechanical loads applied on it. During aging, loads decrease to a greater extent at those skeletal sites where loads increase most in earlier life. Thus, the loss of bone may occur preferentially at sites where most bone has been deposited previously; ie, bone loss could be the directional reversal of accrual. To test this hypothesis, we compared the bone mass distribution at weight-bearing (tibia) and non-weight-bearing (radius) bones among 18-year-old girls, their premenopausal mothers, and their postmenopausal maternal grandmothers. Bone and muscle properties were measured by pQCT, and polar distribution of bone mass was obtained in 55 girl-mother–maternal grandmother trio…

Prolonged breast-feeding protects mothers from later-life obesity and related cardio-metabolic disorders

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the long-term effects of duration of postpartum lactation on maternal body composition and risk for cardio-metabolic disorders in later life.DesignRetrospective study. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and serum glucose, insulin and lipids were analysed using enzymatic photometric methods 16–20 years after the last pregnancy. Medical history and lifestyle factors were collected via a self-administered questionnaire. Detailed information regarding weight change patterns during each pregnancy was obtained from personal maternity tracking records.SettingCity of Jyväskylä and surroundings in Central Finland.SubjectsTwo hundred a…

Concerted actions of insulin-like growth factor 1, testosterone, and estradiol on peripubertal bone growth: a 7-year longitudinal study.

A better understanding of how bone growth is regulated during peripuberty is important for optimizing the attainment of peak bone mass and for the prevention of osteoporosis in later life. In this report we used hierarchical models to evaluate the associations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), estradiol (E(2) ), and testosterone (T) with peripubertal bone growth in a 7-year longitudinal study. Two-hundred and fifty-eight healthy girls were assessed at baseline (mean age 11.2 years) and at 1, 2, 3.5, and 7 years. Serum concentrations of IGF-1, E(2) , and T were determined. Musculoskeletal properties in the left lower leg were measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography …

Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Altered Systemic Amino Acid Metabolism Are Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Article

Low volumetric BMD is linked to upper-limb fracture in pubertal girls and persists into adulthood: A seven-year cohort study

Abstract The aetiology of increased incidence of fracture during puberty is unclear. This study aimed to determine whether low volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) in the distal radius is associated with upper-limb fractures in growing girls, and whether any such vBMD deficit persists into adulthood. Fracture history from birth to 20 years was obtained and verified by medical records in 1034 Finnish girls aged 10–13 years. Bone density and geometry at distal radius, biomarkers and lifestyle/behavioural factors were assessed in a subset of 396 girls with a 7.5-year follow-up. We found that fracture incidence peaked during puberty (relative risk 3.1 at age of 8–14 years compared to outside …

Risk of second primary cancers in women diagnosed with endometrial cancer in G erman and S wedish cancer registries

Along with the increasing incidence and favorable prognosis, more women diagnosed with endometrial cancer may develop second primary cancers (SPCs). We aimed at investigating risk of SPCs after endometrial cancer in Germany and Sweden to provide insight into prevention strategies for SPCs. Endometrial cancer patients diagnosed at age ≥15 years in Germany during 1997-2011 and in Sweden nationwide during 1997-2012 were selected. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), calculated as the ratio of observed to expected numbers of cases, were used to assess the risk of a specific second cancer after endometrial cancer for both German and Swedish datasets. Among 46,929 endometrial cancer survivors in…

Familial resemblance and diversity in bone mass and strength in the population are established during the first year of postnatal life

Familial resemblance and diversity in bone structure and strength in adulthood are determined in part during growth. Whether these characteristics are established during gestation or shortly after birth is not known. Total-body, lumbar spine, and femoral neck size and mass and indices of tibial bending strength and distal radial compressive strength were measured using bone densitometry and quantitative computed tomography in 236 girls at 18.5 years of age. Among them, 219, 141, and 105 girls had crown-heel length (CHL) and weight recorded at birth and at 6 and 12 months of age, and then height and weight were recorded at 3, 5, 10, 13, and 15 years of age in 181, 176, 127, 111, and 228 girl…

Atomic layer deposition and characterization of biocompatible hydroxyapatite thin films

Abstract Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to produce hydroxyapatite from Ca(thd) 2 (thd = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato) and (CH 3 O) 3 PO onto Si(100) and Corning (0211). Film crystallinity, stoichiometry, possible impurities and surface morphology were determined. The as-deposited films contained significant amounts of carbonate impurities however, annealing at moist N 2 flow reduced the carbonate content even at 400 °C. The as-deposited Ca–P–O films were amorphous but rapid thermal annealing promoted the formation of the hydroxyapatite phase. Mouse MC 3T3-E1 cells were used for the cell culture experiments. According to the bioactivity studies cell proliferation was enhanc…

Effect of long-term leisure time physical activity on lean mass and fat mass in girls during adolescence.

The purpose of this 7-yr prospective longitudinal study was to examine if the level and consistency of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) during adolescence affected the quantity and distribution of lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) at early adulthood. The study subjects were 202 Finnish girls who were 10–13 yr old at baseline. LM and FM of the total body (TB), arms, legs, and trunk were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) of the left leg was assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Scores of LTPA were obtained by questionnaire. Girls were divided into four groups comprising those with consistently low (GLL) or consistently hig…

Does sex hormone-binding globulin cause insulin resistance during pubertal growth?

Background The directional influences between serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), adiposity and insulin resistance during pubertal growth remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate bidirectional associations between SHBG and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and adiposity from childhood to early adulthood. Methods Participants were 396 healthy girls measured at baseline (age 11.2 years) and at 1, 2, 4 and 7.5 years. Serum concentrations of estradiol, testosterone and SHBG were determined by ELISA, glucose and insulin by enzymatic photometry, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassays, whole-body fat mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and …

Serum metabolic profiles in overweight and obese women with and without metabolic syndrome.

Objective: To identify serum biomarkers through metabolomics approach that distinguishes physically inactive overweight/obese women with metabolic syndrome from those who are metabolically healthy, independent of body weight and fat mass. Methods: We applied nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based profiling of fasting serum samples to examine the metabolic differences between 78 previously physically inactive, body weight and fat mass matched overweight/obese premenopausal women with and without MetS. MetS was defined as the presence of at least three of the following five criteria: waist circumference ≥ 88 cm, serum triacylglycerol ≥ 1.7 mmol/L, and high density lipoprotein cholester…

Bone and Muscle Development During Puberty in Girls: A Seven-Year Longitudinal Study

The growth of lean mass precedes that of bone mass, suggesting that muscle plays an important role in the growth of bone. However, to date, no study has directly followed the growth of bone and muscle size through puberty and into adulthood. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the growth of muscle size precedes that of bone size (width and length) and mass during puberty. Bone and muscle properties were measured using pQCT and DXA in 258 healthy girls at baseline (mean age, 11.2 yr) and 1-, 2-, 3-4- and 7-yr follow-up. Growth trends as a function of time relative to menarche were determined from prepuberty to early adulthood for tibial length (TL), total cross-sectional area (tCSA)…

Fat mass accumulation compromises bone adaptation to load in finnish women: A cross-sectional study spanning three generations

Body weight and lean mass correlate with bone mass, but the relationship between fat mass and bone remains elusive. The study population consisted of 396 girls and 138 premenopausal mothers and 114 postmenopausal grandmothers of these girls. Body composition and tibial length were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and bone traits were determined at the tibia using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) in the girls at the ages of 11.2 ± 0.8, 13.2 ± 0.9, and 18.3 ± 1.0 years and in the mothers (44.7 ± 4.1 years) and grandmothers (70.7 ± 6.3 years). The values of relative bone strength index (RBSI), an index reflecting the ratio of bone strength to the load ap…

Trait-specific tracking and determinants of body composition: a 7-year follow-up study of pubertal growth in girls

BACKGROUND: Understanding how bone (BM), lean (LM) and fat mass (FM) develop through childhood, puberty and adolescence is vital since it holds key information regarding current and future health. Our study aimed to determine how BM, LM and FM track from prepuberty to early adulthood in girls and what factors are associated with intra- and inter-individual variation in these three tissues. METHODS: The study was a 7-year longitudinal cohort study. BM, LM and FM measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, self-reported dietary information, leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and other factors were assessed one to eight times in 396 girls aged 10 to 13 years (baseline), and in 255 moth…