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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Social Ecological Model of Problem Gambling : A Cross-National Survey Study of Young People in the United States, South Korea, Spain, and Finland

Anu SirolaAtte OksanenHye-jin PaekIlkka VuorinenMarkus KaakinenIina SavolainenIzabela ZychAki Koivula

subject

MaleHealth Toxicology and Mutagenesislcsh:Medicine030508 substance abuseonline casinosConformitypelihimo0302 clinical medicinenuoret030212 general & internal medicineadolescents10. No inequalityadvertisingFinlandmedia_commonimpulsiivisuus1. No povertyConsumer debtRegression analysisapplied_psychology3142 Public health care science environmental and occupational healthonline communities5141 SociologyvelkaantuminenSocial ecological modelmedicine.symptom0305 other medical sciencePsychologySocial psychologyIntrapersonal communicationAdultAdolescent515 Psychologymedia_common.quotation_subjectverkkoyhteisötimpulsivityContext (language use)Interpersonal communicationsocial ecological modelImpulsivityArticleYoung Adult03 medical and health sciencesvertaileva tutkimusRepublic of KoreamedicinerahapelitHumansInternetlcsh:Rpathological gamblingemerging adultsPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthongelmapelaaminenUnited StatesBehavior AddictivemainontaSpainGamblingconsumer debt

description

Problem gambling among young people is an emerging trend globally. The online environment in particular offers various possibilities for gambling engagement. This is the first cross-national survey study using the social ecological model to analyze problem gambling, especially in the online context. The study aimed to analyze how different social ecological spheres explain problem gambling. Participants were young people aged 15–25 in the United States (n = 1212), South Korea (n = 1192), Spain (n = 1212), and Finland (n = 1200). The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) instrument measured problem gambling. The regression models analyzed problem gambling with measures of intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, and societal spheres. Spanish participants had the highest SOGS score for problem gambling. In all countries, the variations in problem gambling were best explained by the organizational sphere measures (26%) when compared to the intrapersonal (11%), interpersonal (5%), and societal (3%) spheres. In the full model, the organizational sphere measures had strong associations with problem gambling. These included consumer debt, online gambling community participation, online casino participation, and exposure to online pop-up advertisements. Problem gambling was also associated with conformity to group norms in the interpersonal sphere, and male gender and impulsivity in the intrapersonal sphere. Cross-national results were similar in different countries. Within the final model, gambling community participation had the strongest association with problem gambling (β = 0.23, p &lt

yearjournalcountryeditionlanguage
2021-03-01
http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202103312233