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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Everything you wanted to know about phase and reference frequency in one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy

Kirill F. SheberstovEduard Sistaré GuardiolaDamien Jeannerat

subject

Carrier signalCarrier frequency010405 organic chemistryChemistryQuadratureTPPIGeneral ChemistryNuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesSpectral line0104 chemical sciencesComputational physicsFOPAReference frequencyNMR spectra databaseFree induction decayMagnetizationNMR spectroscopyPhaseddc:540General Materials ScienceRelative phase

description

The fundamental concept of phase discussed in this tutorial aimed at providing students with an explanation of the delays and processing parameters they may find in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulse programs. We consider the phase of radio-frequency pulses, receiver, and magnetization and how all these parameters are related to phases and offsets of signals in spectra. The impact of the off-resonance effect on the phase of the magnetization is discussed before presenting an overview of how adjustment of the time reference of the free induction decay avoids first-order correction of the phase of spectra. The main objective of this tutorial is to show how the relative phase of a pulse and the receiver can be used to change the reference frequency along direct and indirect dimensions of NMR experiments. Unusual of phase incrementation with non-90° angles will be illustrated on one- and two-dimensional NMR spectra.

yearjournalcountryeditionlanguage
2019-11-07Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry
https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.4938